Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 20051 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION & SYSTEM & SYSTEM CONCEPTS...

Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 2005 11

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

& SYSTEM & SYSTEM

CONCEPTSCONCEPTS

CSE1204 - Information Systems 1CSE1204 - Information Systems 1IMS1001 – Information SystemsIMS1001 – Information Systems


Use Allocate + for tutorial allocation – no Use Allocate + for tutorial allocation – no exceptionsexceptions

Course code: IMS1001 (includes CSE1204 Course code: IMS1001 (includes CSE1204 students)students)

If you have a problem with tutorial allocation, If you have a problem with tutorial allocation, contact - Christina Brantoncontact - Christina BrantonPh: 9903 1059Ph: 9903 1059email –[email protected] –[email protected]

No tutorials Week OneNo tutorials Week One


Teaching StaffTeaching StaffLecturer: Lecturer:

Barry AtkinsonBarry AtkinsonRoom S4.01 – Fourth Floor, Tower Room S4.01 – Fourth Floor, Tower email – [email protected] – [email protected] - 9903 2399telephone - 9903 2399Consult: Monday 9-10am; Friday 2-3pm by appointmentConsult: Monday 9-10am; Friday 2-3pm by appointment

Tutor: Tutor: Katherine KnightKatherine Knight

Make sure you obtain your tutor’s contact details and the Make sure you obtain your tutor’s contact details and the location and times your tutor is available for student location and times your tutor is available for student consultationconsultation


Unit InformationUnit InformationAll unit materials:All unit materials:

lecture notes, tutorials, assignments, lecture notes, tutorials, assignments, notices atnotices at

www.sims.monash.edu.au/subjects/cse1204www.sims.monash.edu.au/subjects/cse1204

oror www.sims.monash.edu.au/subjects/ims1001www.sims.monash.edu.au/subjects/ims1001ororNavigate to SIMS – unit pages – first year – IMS1001 Navigate to SIMS – unit pages – first year – IMS1001

(or CSE1204)(or CSE1204)


Prescribed textPrescribed text

WHITTEN, J.L., BENTLEY, L.D. and WHITTEN, J.L., BENTLEY, L.D. and DITTMAN, K.C. (2001) DITTMAN, K.C. (2001)

Systems Analysis and Design MethodsSystems Analysis and Design Methods, , 5th ed. 5th ed.

Irwin/McGraw-HilI, New York, NY. Irwin/McGraw-HilI, New York, NY. Copies available at CITSU BookshopCopies available at CITSU Bookshop


AssessmentAssessment exam - 60%, assignment - 40%exam - 60%, assignment - 40% a pass requires a final mark of 50% or morea pass requires a final mark of 50% or more hurdle - you must earn a minimum of 40% for hurdle - you must earn a minimum of 40% for

the exam the exam ANDAND a minimum of 40% for the a minimum of 40% for the assignmentsassignments

Eg. Eg. Practical mark = 35/40 = 87.5%Practical mark = 35/40 = 87.5% Exam mark = 20/60 = 33%Exam mark = 20/60 = 33% Total mark = 55/100 = FAIL !!Total mark = 55/100 = FAIL !! If either hurdle is not met, a result of 44% will be recorded If either hurdle is not met, a result of 44% will be recorded

even if the total mark is > 50%even if the total mark is > 50%


Assignment work requirementsAssignment work requirements Assignments must be submitted according to the Assignments must be submitted according to the

School of Information Management and Systems’ School of Information Management and Systems’ assignment submission requirementsassignment submission requirements

These are available at:These are available at:

www.sims.monash.edu.au/resources/assessment.htmlwww.sims.monash.edu.au/resources/assessment.html

The School’s style guide for printed assignments is The School’s style guide for printed assignments is available at:available at:

www.sims.monash.edu.au/resources/style.htmlwww.sims.monash.edu.au/resources/style.html


Other important considerationsOther important considerations

Attendance – the rollAttendance – the rollPlagerism – what is it?Plagerism – what is it?Time managementTime managementCore subjects – academic progressCore subjects – academic progress


CSE1204, CSE1205 and BCompCSE1204, CSE1205 and BComp

The nature, purpose and makeup of The nature, purpose and makeup of computerised Information Systemscomputerised Information Systems

What you should know about Information What you should know about Information Systems if you intend to work with themSystems if you intend to work with them

Analysts viewpoint: IS project initiation; Analysts viewpoint: IS project initiation; system development methods; system system development methods; system designdesign


This lecture’s objectivesThis lecture’s objectives

Understand what we mean when we talk Understand what we mean when we talk about systems:about systems:

system concepts and componentssystem concepts and componentsunderstand the need for information understand the need for information

systems systems Introduction to Introduction to roles and tasks associated roles and tasks associated

with building information systemswith building information systems


A SystemA System

An assembly of components that interact in an An assembly of components that interact in an organised way to accomplish goalsorganised way to accomplish goals

E.g. river systems, nervous system, public E.g. river systems, nervous system, public transport system, legal system, education transport system, legal system, education system, water supply system, elevator system, system, water supply system, elevator system, information system. information system.


A SystemA System

system elementssystem elementsa boundarya boundarya purposea purposean environmentan environment interfacesinterfaces inputs, processes, outputsinputs, processes, outputs feedbackfeedbackconstraintsconstraintssubsystemssubsystems


SystemsSystemsSimple ----------------------- ComplexSimple ----------------------- Complex

vending machine; Metvending machine; MetOpen ------------------------- ClosedOpen ------------------------- Closed

air conditioner; watchair conditioner; watchStable ------------------------ DynamicStable ------------------------ Dynamic

elevator; nervous systemelevator; nervous systemPermanent ------------------ TemporaryPermanent ------------------ Temporary

government; concert government; concert arrangementarrangement


System ElementsSystem Elements

Purpose - the overall goal or function of a Purpose - the overall goal or function of a system:system:

access to medical servicesaccess to medical services Process - the transformation of inputs into Process - the transformation of inputs into

outputs:outputs:

coin to Cokecoin to Coke Boundary - the line that divides the system from Boundary - the line that divides the system from

its environment:its environment:

buttons on a phonebuttons on a phone


System Elements (ctd.)System Elements (ctd.) Environment - everything external to the system Environment - everything external to the system

that interacts with it:that interacts with it:

supermarket weighing machinesupermarket weighing machine The system exchanges inputs and outputs with The system exchanges inputs and outputs with

its environment:its environment: Inputs - what is taken from the environment:Inputs - what is taken from the environment:

button pressbutton press Outputs - what is returned to the environment:Outputs - what is returned to the environment:

cashcash


System Elements (ctd.)System Elements (ctd.)

Interfaces - points of contact where a Interfaces - points of contact where a system meets its environment or where system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each other:subsystems meet each other:

directions on a Met ticket machine;directions on a Met ticket machine;

page of a newspaper;page of a newspaper;

reservoir;reservoir;

skinskin


System Elements (ctd.)System Elements (ctd.)

The environment may be always changing:The environment may be always changing:

busy; smoke; war; dry; cancellationbusy; smoke; war; dry; cancellation Feedback and control loop allows the system to Feedback and control loop allows the system to

adapt to its environment:adapt to its environment:

““Press OK to continue”; monitor Press OK to continue”; monitor Constraints - limits on what a system can Constraints - limits on what a system can

accomplishaccomplish

heart pacemaker; Challengerheart pacemaker; Challenger


System example: a businessSystem example: a business Its environment:Its environment:

general population+an industry+business general population+an industry+business climate+government etc.climate+government etc.

Its inputs: Its inputs: materials+services+new employees+ materials+services+new employees+

equipment+facilities+money+orders etc.equipment+facilities+money+orders etc. Its outputs: Its outputs:

products/services+waste materials+payments+products/services+waste materials+payments+retired employees+old equipment etc.retired employees+old equipment etc.

Its feedback/control loops: Its feedback/control loops: customer complaints+new knowledge necessary to customer complaints+new knowledge necessary to make required changes to product etc.make required changes to product etc.

Subsystems: Subsystems: payroll system, stock systempayroll system, stock system


Systems thinkingSystems thinking

The application of formal systems theory The application of formal systems theory and concepts to systems problem solvingand concepts to systems problem solving

Helps us understand how systems are Helps us understand how systems are organised and how they workorganised and how they work

Simplifies inherent system complexitySimplifies inherent system complexity Useful to apply systems thinking to Useful to apply systems thinking to

understanding of business organisations understanding of business organisations (“organisations as systems”) and their (“organisations as systems”) and their information systemsinformation systems


Data vs. InformationData vs. InformationData - consists of raw or unstructured facts Data - consists of raw or unstructured facts

(text, pictures, sound)(text, pictures, sound)

eg. Student number, dateeg. Student number, date Information - data that has been refined for Information - data that has been refined for

a particular purpose: a collection of facts a particular purpose: a collection of facts organised so that they have organised so that they have meaning and meaning and use to a particular recipient in a particular use to a particular recipient in a particular context. It has context. It has additional value beyond the additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves. value of the facts themselves.


Information characteristicsInformation characteristics Useful information is essential if an organisation is Useful information is essential if an organisation is

to achieve its goals:to achieve its goals:

accurateaccurate completecomplete economicaleconomical

flexibleflexible reliablereliable relevantrelevant

simplesimple timelytimely verifiableverifiable

accessibleaccessible securesecure

An information system is designed to produce An information system is designed to produce such informationsuch information


Business organisations are complex Business organisations are complex systemssystems

Business organisations organise their Business organisations organise their activities and work practices into various activities and work practices into various systems because: systems because: many different tasks must be donemany different tasks must be donedifferent data are needed for different tasksdifferent data are needed for different tasksa single task is often done many timesa single task is often done many timescomplex processes must be coordinatedcomplex processes must be coordinated the environment changes constantlythe environment changes constantly


How canHow canInformation Systems help ?Information Systems help ?

Efficiency, reliability, economy, controlEfficiency, reliability, economy, control An Information System is a formal arrangement of An Information System is a formal arrangement of

people, data, processespeople, data, processes Integrated to Integrated to

manage complexity manage complexity support and improve business operationssupport and improve business operations Support and improve the problem-solving and Support and improve the problem-solving and

decision-making activities of managers. decision-making activities of managers. It transforms Data into InformationIt transforms Data into Information

(Why are computers not mentioned?)(Why are computers not mentioned?)


Computer-Based Information Computer-Based Information SystemsSystems

Information systems may or may not involve Information systems may or may not involve the use of computers the use of computers

Computers significantly expand the potential Computers significantly expand the potential of information systems because they:of information systems because they:are more reliable processors than humansare more reliable processors than humansare faster than humans, and “tireless”are faster than humans, and “tireless”are easily replicated are easily replicated are much more productiveare much more productivehave enormous memory capacityhave enormous memory capacity


Information System Information System

ComponentsComponentsInformation system components include:Information system components include: people - need the information, build the people - need the information, build the

system, operate it and use it system, operate it and use it data and information -the raw material which data and information -the raw material which

the system is set up to manage and distributethe system is set up to manage and distribute machines (usually computers) - help manage machines (usually computers) - help manage

and process the data and information and process the data and information procedures - define how the information is to procedures - define how the information is to

be input/stored/processed/ etc. be input/stored/processed/ etc. formal – specified, perpetual, expectedformal – specified, perpetual, expected

informal – unspecified, trivial, one-offinformal – unspecified, trivial, one-off


Functions of an Functions of an Information System Information System

Any information system performs four main Any information system performs four main functions:functions:

data input - capturing informationdata input - capturing information data storage/retrieval - keeping informationdata storage/retrieval - keeping information data processing - transforming informationdata processing - transforming information data output - displaying/presenting informationdata output - displaying/presenting information


Benefits of Benefits of Information Information

SystemsSystemsA good information system ensures:-A good information system ensures:- the right informationthe right information to the right degree of accuracyto the right degree of accuracy when it is requiredwhen it is required in the right format/layoutin the right format/layout to the right peopleto the right people in the most efficient way possiblein the most efficient way possible

(Have you had to deal with an information system which did not (Have you had to deal with an information system which did not work well? Which of these things was not present in that system?)work well? Which of these things was not present in that system?)


The Complexity of The Complexity of Information Information

SystemsSystemsEven small information systems can be very Even small information systems can be very

complex:complex: many components (lots of information)many components (lots of information) much interaction between componentsmuch interaction between components systems within systems (subsystems)systems within systems (subsystems) the intangibility of information (hard to define)the intangibility of information (hard to define) the subjective nature of information (interpretation)the subjective nature of information (interpretation) differing needs of different system usersdiffering needs of different system users


Computer-based information systemsComputer-based information systems ““unique” situations: unique” situations:

customer enquiry system; ticket bookingcustomer enquiry system; ticket booking generic business applications: generic business applications:

payroll systems; inventory systemspayroll systems; inventory systems

Types of information systems e.g.:Types of information systems e.g.: transaction processing systems, transaction processing systems, decision support systems,decision support systems, expert systems, expert systems, executive information systems,executive information systems, geographical information systemsgeographical information systems


Building Building Information Information

SystemsSystems

Activities involved in building computer-Activities involved in building computer-based information systems are:-based information systems are:-

identifying business information problemsidentifying business information problems analysing and describing information needsanalysing and describing information needs designing solutions to meet those needsdesigning solutions to meet those needs acquiring/building new systemsacquiring/building new systems implementing new systemsimplementing new systems


System building playersSystem building players

System owner/sSystem owner/sSystem user/sSystem user/sProject leader (manager)Project leader (manager)Systems analyst/sSystems analyst/sSystems designer/sSystems designer/sSystems builder/s Systems builder/s IT vendor/s and consultant/sIT vendor/s and consultant/s


Building Information Systems:Building Information Systems:The Role of the Systems Analyst (our focus The Role of the Systems Analyst (our focus

in this course)in this course)

to understand the system’s information needsto understand the system’s information needswhat information is needed?what information is needed? for whom?for whom? in what form?in what form?when?when?

to describe the system’s information flows and to describe the system’s information flows and processesprocesses

to identify problems, opportunities, constraintsto identify problems, opportunities, constraints to suggest possible system solutionsto suggest possible system solutions


ReferencesReferences

WHITTEN, J.L., BENTLEY, L.D. and DITTMAN, K.C. (2001) 5th WHITTEN, J.L., BENTLEY, L.D. and DITTMAN, K.C. (2001) 5th ed., ed., Systems Analysis and Design MethodsSystems Analysis and Design Methods, Irwin/McGraw-HilI, , Irwin/McGraw-HilI, New York, NY. Chapters 1 and 2.New York, NY. Chapters 1 and 2.

HOFFER, J.A., GEORGE, J.F. and VALACICH (2005) 2nd ed., HOFFER, J.A., GEORGE, J.F. and VALACICH (2005) 2nd ed., Modern Systems Analysis and DesignModern Systems Analysis and Design, Benjamin/Cummings, , Benjamin/Cummings, Massachusetts. Chapter 1Massachusetts. Chapter 1

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Monash University, SIMS, Semester One, 20051 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION & SYSTEM & SYSTEM CONCEPTS...

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