Monitoring sanitation and hygiene: An overview of trends and challenges

Monitoring Sanitation and Hygiene

an overview of trends and challengesCarolien van der Voorden, WSSCC

Why monitor?‘We can’t manage what we don’t measure’

• To ensure inputs and activities lead to intended results and outcomes

• To adjust course where necessary• To measure progress against a given goal

Monitoring Sanitation and Hygiene, Carolien van der Voorden

Monitoring Sustainable WASH Service Delivery Symposium

What goal?

• To halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without access to improved sanitation

Or rather

• To ensure hygiene practices and sanitation service chains that sustain themselves, and are accessed and used by all



Two shifts

Four trends



Sanitation and hygiene service chain

Service chain thinking forces us to assess the potential for any practice or service to sustain itself over time, without external interventions apart from those providing the service. This includes monitoring

Demand and behaviour Service provision chain – who builds, empties,treats Finances – who pays for capex, opex, etc

Systematically, over time



Community Approaches to Total SanitationUnlike water supply, sanitation and hygiene are highly personal, a factor of behaviour, mostly dealt with at a household or individual level, BUT with impact on the whole community.In CLTS / CATS, the way in whichprogress towards the outcome of reaching ODF status is tracked, becomes a key part of ensuring that outcome.



Some implications

• Participatory monitoring at its best, or at its worst? – peer pressure and exclusion

• Systematisation and harmonisation for scale – linking community monitors to broader systems

• Independent verification and certification – key steps to ensure transparency, correct data recording, and sustainability



Session: Monitoring for sustainable Open Defecation Free status

Trend: from monitoring outputs to outcomes and impact• Monitor use and service delivery rather than access• Monitor behavioural outcomes: ending open defecation, washing

hands with soap, etcThe elements that are easier to monitor, (presence of infrastructure, level of knowledge) may not tell us much about sustainability and actual level of behaviour change

• Outcomes over impactFocus on whether actions result in the intended behaviour change, rather than on

the health impact of these behaviours?



ChallengesFinding feasible, affordable and reliable methodologies and systems to monitor qualitative and quantitative aspects of behavioural outcomes at scale -triangulation of methods- appropriate proxys-simple systems-use of ICT



Sessions: Monitoring behaviour change outcomes Monitoring handwashing behaviour change

Trend: Diversification of actors and aspectsParadigm shift impacting on the range of actors and the roles they play, and on what and how to monitor. Examples:•Monitoring the market•Monitoring the enabling environment•Monitoring technology’s ’soft side’ •Community ownership



Session: Markets, technology and toolkits: viability & sustainability

Challenges• Further development and adoption of methodologies to

monitor the different aspects and actors• Building widespread capacity to perform quality

monitoring• Developing systems to both display and ensure the

linkages between the various actors and elements of the service chain



Trend: Monitoring sustainability and equity

Systematic monitoring for sustainability and equity includes efforts to:•measure cost-effectiveness and self-sustaining capacity of the sanitation service chain; •monitor sustainability of ODF and hygiene behaviours; •measure availability, acceptability, accessibility, affordability and safety of services for all people at all stages of life.



Session: Monitoring for sustainable ODF statusFinancial monitoring to assess cost effectivenessMonitoring behaviour change outcomes for all

Challenges

• Systematic identification of poorest /marginalised groups for transparent targeting and measuring of efforts and finances

• Systematic verification, certification and follow-up of ODF status

• Systematic follow-up and revisiting of outcomes, change and impact over time and at scale



Trend: Systematisation and HarmonisationGlobal level: processes such as JMP, Post 2015 target setting, SACOSAN, positively impact on national processes – prioritisation, comparability, allocations etc.National level: more allignment between community, project, local level and national systems for data processing, analysis and reporting – for oversight, comparison, targeting, financing etc. Programme level: contribute and allign to national systems



Challenges

• Incentives to consolidate and harmonised are not recognised strongly: governments, agencies, donors, NGOs, service providers use different methodologies, definitions, indicators, and data sources.

• Large data gaps still exist on effectiveness, practice, behaviour, inclusion, need, service delivery models, cost and cost effectiveness, etc.



Our challenge

• emphasise the importance of monitoring sanitation and hygiene,• share best practices, • collaborate to avoid duplication, and • demonstrate the usefulness of monitoring results with respect

to achieving and sustaining beneficial outcomes, for all.

Thank you!



Date post:	13-Jan-2015
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Monitoring sanitation and hygiene: An overview of trends and challenges

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