Sanitation Hygiene Quality of Life

7/28/2019 Sanitation Hygiene Quality of Life

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Vivek Rai,

State Consultant

( Water Quality )

Public Health Engineering Department


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The ProblemIn India,

Every year, nearly 4 lakh children under 5 die of

diarrhoeal diseases India contributes 25% of worlds child death

48 per cent of children suffer from malnutrition


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The Root CauseIn the Developing Countries, 80% of the common

diseases result from:-

Poor hygienic practices Contaminated drinking water, and

Lack of environmental sanitation


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Sanitation coverage of 1% and 27% for rural and

urban India in 1981

As per 2001 Censusoverall 36% (rural-22% )

One of the lowest in the world even among

developing countries

Presently 35% rural coverage estimated

Only 45% of primary schools have toilets

Persistent high Infant Mortality Rate

4-5 lakh children below five years of age die due to

diarrhoea annually


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For better and healthy life Prevention of disease

Personal comfort and convenience

Dignity and Privacy of womenAvoid pollution of water sources

Hand washing after defecation & before meal

alone can reduce 60% of water & excreta relateddisease


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Excreta-related Diseases Diarrhoea Cholera Gastroenteritis Food poisoning Bacillary dysenteryAmoebic dysentery Typhoid Poliomyelitis

Hepatitis A & E

Gastric ulcer

Round worm Hookworm

Thread worm

Tape worm

Whip worm, etc. etc.


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Vector-borne diseases Malaria

Filaria

Japanese Encephalitis Dengue

Chikungunya

Kala azar, etc.


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More diseases Skin infections

Eye infections

Ear infections Other infectious diseases like Tetanus, Plague,

Anthrax, common cold, influenza, SARS, Birdflu, Swine flu etc.


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The Solution

PREVENTION

because

PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE


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And Why Better ?

Even with adequate treatment Cure is never aguaranteed result

Many diseases, e.g. the viral infections, have nospecific treatment

Even a so-called common disease may become akiller disease

Many of these diseases have not been eradicated inspite of spectacular progress in the medical sciences


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Contd. Most of these diseases are Diseases of

Poverty affecting the common man whocannot afford expensive diagnosis and

treatment Many of them have no effective vaccine The pathogens of many diseases are rapidly

becoming drug-resistant

The cost of diagnosis and treatment is fastgoing out of reach of the common man Most of the common diseases are infectious

and preventable


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AND.From experience, we know that

PREVENTION through improvement ofenvironmental sanitation and good hygiene is

The easiest, the safest, the cheapest and the most

effective way to control diseases


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A FACT to remember

The Developed countries actually

controlled these common diseasesthrough better sanitation and hygieneeven before the development of the

antibiotics and many other life-savingdrugs.


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PREVENTION: HOW ?By ensuring

Clean Environment

Good hygienic practices

Healthful lifestyle


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A Clean Environment

A Clean Environment is an

environment where the diseaseagents are prevented entry, growthand free movement

A clean environment can be achievedand maintained only through

TOTAL SANITATION


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Transmission of Excreta-related Diseases

Source

water

Flies

Hands

Vegetable etc.

Soil

Food Healthybody


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Transmission of other diseases Through bites of mosquitoes and other vectors (

malaria, filaria, dengue etc.)

Through air, dust or fomites (respiratoryinfections, eye infections etc.)

Through contact ( skin infections, STDs etc.)

Through soil ( Hookworm )


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The Key Hygienic Practices Use of sanitary latrine instead of open

defaecation and urination

Hygienic disposal of children excreta

Proper hand-washing after anal washing orhandling children excreta, after coming in contactwith any fomites, after coughing and sneezing

Compulsory hand-washing before handling food


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Key Hygienic Practices Proper management of solid waste by

composting/recycling/hygienic disposal/less useof non bio-degradable articles

Ensuring water safety i.e., safe source, safecollection, safe transport & storage and safetyduring use

Proper management of waste water by re-

use/recycling/hygienic drainagecontd


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Key Hygienic Practices

Proper washing of vegetables, fruits & utensils infresh running water

Protection of food from dust and fliesAvoiding foods sold open in the market

Use of Improved Chullah to control kitchen smoke

contd


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Hygienic practices Use of footwear while going outdoors

Proper oral and dental care

Avoiding spitting here and there Covering the nose and mouth while sneezing

or coughing

Using bed-nets and other precautions againstmosquito-bites

Contd.


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Hygienic practices Following other essential practices for personal

cleanliness

Immunising children with vaccines according to

the prescribed schedule Maintaining overall cleanliness of the household

and the village surroundings

Once Nirmal Gram status is achieved,

maintaining the status through continuedmonitoring and vigilance


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Healthful Lifestyle Take the right food, i.e., balanced food of the

right quantity at the right time. Chew foods

well. Keep adequate gaps between meals.Avoid excess of fat, sugar, salt, spice, fast foodsetc. as far as practicable

Avoid coloured food and drinks from the

market Drink safe water and enough of it (3/4 litres

per day)


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Healthful LifestyleAvoid tobacco (in any form), drugs, alcohol etc.

As far as practicable, maintain regularity in dailylife

Take right amount of sleep avoiding late hours

Avoid excesses and indiscretions in sex life


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Healthful Lifestyle Take adequate and regular physical exercise.

Avail of the health care facilities likeImmunisation, health check-up etc.

Avoid self-medication without physicians advice.

Avoid mental tension


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Quality of LifeMeasured by-

Infant Mortality Rate, i.e. lower the

IMR higher is the quality of lifeLife expectancy, i.e. higher the life

expectancy, better is the quality of

lifeLiteracy rate, i.e. higher the literacy

rate better is the quality of life


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Better Quality of LifeBetter

SanitationLess Disease

Reduced IMRBetter Quality

of Life


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Better Quality of Life

Better

Sanitation

Less

Disease

HigherExpectancy

Of life

Better Quality

Of life


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Our last chance !

Provisions under TSC offer us the last chance

to ensure sustainable sanitation,And if,

we fail to utilise this last opportunity, justthink about


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Our future

During the past 30/40 years only one disease (small-pox) has been eradicated.

But numerous new and re-emerging disease-agentsare threatening mankind globally.

It has been established that simple hygienicpractices can prevent or keep most of them under

control


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We are doomed if we do not

take a lesson from these facts.

It is for us to decide and design

our own future


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Thanks

Date post:	03-Apr-2018
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Sanitation Hygiene Quality of Life

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