Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

• Time of Peace in Europe• Major powers try to reclaim land in the

Americas• US does not like this• President Monroe says do not interfere

with North America and we will not interfere with Europe

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• -France– France believed a canal would be easy to

build after seeing the Suez Canal being built.

– Colombia allowed them to build.

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• -Difficulties– Suez canal was basically a ditch through

sand. (no real problems)• Panama Canal

– Mountains– Many rivers in the way– Most serious problem Tropical Disease

-Malaria-Yellow Fever

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• U.S. interest in Canal– Many people move to West Coast– Canal makes for faster trip.– America realizes canal would be helpful in

time of war (Spanish American War)

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• -US involvement in building canal– France can not over come difficulties– France allows US to take control of land to

build canal– Colombia will not let U.S. build– America convinces Panama to declare

independence

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• -Panama declares Independence– US supplies money and ships– Panama promises to let U.S. build canal if

freedom is won.

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• US builds canal– U.S. has same problem France had– U.S. fights on and completes canal

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• Results– Faster way to get to east coast– Saves money– Open October 10, 1913– Cost $375,000,000– 75,000 worked on canal– 5,609 died

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• Spain controlled Cuba• US always had interest in Cuba (90

miles from Florida)• Spain would not sale Cuba to US

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• Cubans revolt against Spain. Does not work– Valeriano Weyler sent to put revolt down– Locked 300,000 in concentration camps

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• Yellow Journalism– William Randolph Hearst and Joseph

Pulitzer print exaggerated stories– Claimed Weyler poisoned drinking wells.– Many believe the stories– Stories were made up to sale papers.

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• William McKinley– Demands America to intervene– Diplomats were sent and tension

diminished

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• A Cuban stole a letter written by Enrique Dupuy de Lome (Spanish minister to U.S.)

• Letter said McKinley was weak• Letter was published in newspapers

and de Lome resigned and Spain apologized.

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• U.S.S. Maine– Resentment builds after the de Lome

letter.– U.S.S. Maine is ordered to Cuba to bring

Americans back– Ship blows up in Havana Harbor– 260 men were killed.– Yellow Journalism makes it look like Spain

did it– People call for war.

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• War begins– Starts in the Philippines

• George Dewey commands Navy and orders U.S. to open fire

• Within a couple hours every Spanish ship is sunk

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• Caribbean– Starts with a blockade of Cuba– Navy was good but soldiers were not

• Inexperienced• Lack of leadership

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• Rough Riders– Volunteer cavalry led by Theodore

Roosevelt– Gave some experience to the troops– They cleared the way for infantry to take

San Juan Hill– Spanish fleet tried to escape however it

was destroyed by US navy in the process.

Spanish American WarSpanish American War

• Treaty of Paris– Ends the war– Spain freed Cuba– Guam and Puerto Rico turned over to U.S.– Philippines sold to US for $20 million

World War IWorld War I

• Causes– Imperialism – taking over other empires for

economic and political control of people– Nationalism – devotion to the interest and culture

of one’s nation– Militarism – the development of armed forces and

their use as a tool of diplomacy.– Alliance System – group of people/countries

working together to accomplish a goal.

World War IWorld War I

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand– Heir to Austrian throne assassinated in

Sarajevo by Serbs.– Austria declares war on Serbia– Alliance system caused many other

nations into the war.

Ferndinand and PrincipFerndinand and Princip

World War IWorld War I

• Americas involvement in war– US citizens had ties to countries in Europe.– Many did not want war because it did not

threaten our people or property.– US declares Neutrality

World War IWorld War I

• US economy– Countries from both sides of fight sent

request for supplies.– U.S. makes money– We could not work fast enough and did not

have enough workers to make all that was requested.

World War IWorld War I

• British Blockade– England blocks ports leading into Germany– America can not deliver supplies to

Germany– Germany can not grow crops and famine

hits the country• Upsets U.S.• Germany response with Submarine Warfare.

World War IWorld War I

• Lusitania• Any boat blockading Germany was blown up

by submarines• Also any boats carrying supplies was

attacked.• U-boats attacked and blew up the Lusitania a

British cruise ship.– 128 Americans were on board– Germany tried to say it was carrying ammunition.

• America starts to turn on Germany

World War IWorld War I

• Zimmermann Note– Germany knew U.S. was leaning toward

helping Allies– Germany sent a telegram to Mexico– If Mexico supports Germany they would

get their lost land back when the war ends.

• America declares war

Allies and Central PowersAllies and Central Powers

• France• Britain• Russia• United States

• Why did the US side with the Allies?

• Germany• Austria-Hungary• Ottoman Empire

Building an ArmyBuilding an Army

• Selective Service Act– Requires men to register for draft– 24 millions register– 3 million were called

America at WarAmerica at War

• Mass Production– US had to figure out how to transport:

• Men• Food• Equipment

– Submarine warfare made it difficult

US turns the TideUS turns the Tide

• Convoy System– Destroyers led way for merchant ships.– Cut shipping losses in half

US Turns the TideUS Turns the Tide

• Allied forces exhausted after 2 ½ yrs of fighting.

• America = freshness and enthusiasm

New WeaponsNew Weapons

• Machine Gun• Tanks• Airplane• Poison Gas

FightingFighting

• Trench warfare– Both sides dug trenches in the ground– Stayed there for 3 years– Fought for mere yards

• No Man’s Land– Space between each sides trenches– Men were mowed down if trying to cross.

New HazardsNew Hazards

• New weapons led to more injured• Health

– Rats– Lice– Polluted water = dysentery– Trench Foot

End of WarEnd of War

• Nov. 3, 1918 – Austria Hungary surrenders and German sailors mutinied against Gov’t

• Nov. 9, 1918 – Kaiser resigned in Germany

• Nov, 1918 – To exhausted and hungry Germany surrenders

Toll of WarToll of War

• 22 million dead – ½ civilians– 48,000 US– 62,000 US died of disease

• 10 million refugees• Cost $338 billion