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MotivationMotivationDriving force
behind all actions and behaviors
Variables◦Self Efficacy◦Need for
Achievement◦Teacher
Expectations◦Reinforcement◦Ability◦Environment
◦Goals◦Interest /
curiosity◦Imitation◦Anxiety◦Reinforcement◦Enthusiasm
Various Views of Learning & Various Views of Learning & MotivationMotivation
Behavioral
Cognitive
Constructivist
Social Cognitive
Humanistic
Sociocultural
TheoriesTheoriesAbraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Behavior is controlled by both internal and external factors
We make choices and exercise free-will
B.F. SkinnerBehavioristBehavior is
determined by the reinforcer or reward
Behavior is learned
Theories Cont.Theories Cont.Albert Bandura
Social CognitiveKnowledge
based on social and environmental interactions
Jean Piaget & Lev Vygotsky
ConstructivistKnowledge
constructed on personal or social experiences
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Extrinsic and Intrinsic MotivationMotivation
What is your student’s motivation?
Extrinsic MotivationExtrinsic MotivationExternally-Based
◦Rewards◦Fear
Just-For-Now Results◦Students complete the assignment
just for the reward at the end or the fear that is instilled in them, NOT for themselves and NOT for educational benefit.
Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation (contd.)(contd.)Extrinsically motivated students
reach for assignments with a lower level of difficulty so the assignment is quicker to complete.
Extrinsic motivation lasts with a student only until the next reward is offered or until the fear is settled.
Extrinsic motivation is a “quick fix” that is actually a negative approach to teaching.
Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic MotivationStudent-Based
◦The reward of enjoying an assignment◦The results are self-determined
Self-Efficacy◦Students want to
do the assignments well for themselves
◦Students complete the assignment for themselves, NOT just for a grade.
Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation (contd.)(contd.)Intrinsically motivated students reach for assignments with a higher level of difficulty.
Intrinsic motivation lasts with a student much longer than extrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation is harder to find within a student.
How Would How Would You Motivate You Motivate Your Student? Your Student?
Motivating StudentsMotivating StudentsMotivation depends on the extent
in which teachers are able to meet the students’ needs.
◦Control◦Competent◦Connected
How To Help Students Feel In How To Help Students Feel In Control!Control!
Input in their learning goals and activities
Assist in writing classroom rules and procedures
Decide to work in groups or individuals
Cooperative learning- let them select learning partners
How to Help Students Feel How to Help Students Feel Competent!Competent!
Make assignments challenging
Lessons interesting & relevant
Ask questions they can answer
Know their background to help motivate
How to Help Students Feel How to Help Students Feel Connected!Connected!
Climate or culture of trust, respect, & caring
Feel competent as a whole group
Family or Community feeling
Motivational Tips Motivational Tips
Make sure your room is safe and accommodates the student’s needs. (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)
Organization (Classrooms and Lessons)
Set goals and give regular feedbackCollaborative LearningProvide Reinforcement and
Encouragement
Harry Wong’s Motivational Harry Wong’s Motivational TipsTipsUtilize Humor in the ClassroomRespect the StudentBe inviting
What Motivates You as a student?
Hindrances to MotivationHindrances to Motivation
The student’s needs are not being met.
The teacher has a negative attitude towards the students or their work.
The student experiences negative peer- interactions.
The student has low self-esteem.The classroom is unorganized. The assignments are unclear.
Overcoming Hindrances Overcoming Hindrances Make sure the student’s needs are
met. Create a positive classroom environment.
Approach challenges with a positive attitude.
Encourage group collaboration. Create an organized classroom.Design Lessons that are organized and
comprehensive.
Motivating the Motivating the UnmotivatedUnmotivatedWhat would you say if I told you there is a lot teachers can do about it?
Eight Simple Steps for Eight Simple Steps for Motivating StudentsMotivating StudentsGive them something real- local
events or news, technology, student culture, interests or relationships
http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/default.cfmSupply choices- creates autonomy
and gives students a voiceChallenge students- assess each
individuals level of learning, and create a challenge that is just above their current ability
Eight Simple Steps for Eight Simple Steps for Motivating Students, Motivating Students, continuedcontinuedPresent role models- guest speakers,
peers, or other students give relevance to school subjects
Peer models- learning from a peer who succeeds with a task…This includes: gender and/or ethnic groups, social circles, age, interests, or levels of achievement
Help struggling students strategize- give specific strategies that teach students how to learn
Eight Simple Steps for Eight Simple Steps for Motivating Students, Motivating Students, continuedcontinuedDevelop a sense of belonging-
the teacher creates this by being warm and open, encouraging of student participation, friendly, helpful, organized and prepared for teaching, and is enthusiastic
Use a supportive teaching style- the teacher listens, encourages, responds to student questions, and empathizes with students