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MOUNT CARMEL COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)

(Affiliated to Bangalore University)

58, PALACE ROAD

BANGALORE – 560052

Department of Electronics

B.Sc Electronics (2020-23)

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Semester Paper title

I semester

Electronic devices and circuit

analysis

II semester

Amplifiers

III semester

Linear integrated circuits

Digital Electronics

IV semester

Digital Design and VHDL

programming

V semester P5

P6

Communication – I

Microprocessor and

Microcontroller

VI semester P7

P8

Communication –II

Robotics

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I SEMESTER

ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Objective: To give exposure to various electronic devices and analysis of circuits.

Unit 1

Transient Circuit Analysis 04 Hrs

Transient circuit analysis of RL, RC circuits to DC excitation - time constant

Resonance Circuits 04 Hrs

Series and Parallel resonance circuits-current and impedance curves and Q factor.

Unit 2

Network Analysis 06 Hrs

Ideal and Practical Voltage and Current sources. Branch current method, mesh analysis, node

voltage method. Star Delta transformations.

Network Theorems 06 Hrs

Superposition theorem, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Maximum power transfer

theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Millman’s theorem for DC circuits.

Unit 3 08 Hrs

Power Supply

Review of pn junction diode, Rectifiers – HWR, FWR- Average value, Ripple factor,

Rectification efficiency. Filters (qualitative) - Shunt capacitor filter, series inductor filter, LC

filter, π-section filter.

Regulators

Review of zener diode, Zener diode regulator. RPS

Semiconductor Diode Applications Clippers – Series, Shunt and biased clippers.

Clampers – Positive, negative and biased clampers. Voltage Multiplier (Half wave and Full

wave)

Unit 4

Special Diodes 06 Hrs

Light emitting diode, Schottky diode, Varactor diode, Tunnel diode, photodiode, LCD, Seven

segment display, LDR.

Unit 5

Bipolar junction transistor and Biasing techniques 10 Hrs Review of npn and pnp transistor theory. Comparision of transistor configurations. Need for

biasing, thermal runaway and stabilization. Fixed bias circuit, Fixed bias with Emitter resistor,

Voltage divider bias –Analysis of circuits and stability factor.

Field Effect Transistors 08 Hrs Construction and characteristics of N-Channel JFETs-drain and transfer characteristics. FET

parameters. Comparison of FET with BJT.

MOSFET - Construction and working of depletion and enhancement types.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Introductory Circuit Analysis - Robert L Boylestad - Pearson education Twelfth Edition 2012

2. Electronic devices and Circuit Theory - Robert L Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky – Pearson/ Prentice Hall Tenth Edition 2009

REFERENCES:

1. Basic Electronics - Grob - Tata McGraw-Hill Tenth Edition 2007 2. Basic Electronics and Linear circuits N N Bhargava, D C Kulashreshtha and S C Gupta

- Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing 2nd Edition 2013

3. Applied Electronics - Sedha R S, S Chand , Revised edition 2013 4. Electronic devices Thomas L Floyd ,Pearson education Limited 9th edition 2013

I SEMESTER PRACTICALS

Circuit Analysis Lab

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Any eight of the following to be performed

Familiarization of colour code and Soldering Practice

1. Series resonance circuit and parallel resonance circuit.

2. T to pie & pie to T network.

3. HWR with and without filter.

4. Bridge rectifier with without filter.

5. Voltage multipliers using diodes.

6. Verification of super position theorem.

7. Verification of thevinins theorem.

8. Fixed bias circuit with and without emitter resistor.

9. FET characteristics.

10. Zener diode regulator. Line and load regulation.

11. Verification of KVL and KCL.

12. Verification of NORTONs theorem.

13. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem.

14. Fixed power supply (using 78XX and 79XX)

15. Variable power supply using LM317.

16. Study of voltage divider bias.

17. Study of transistor VI characteristics.

18. Working of LDR.

19. Positive and negative clippers and clampers.

20. Study of Shunt and LC filters.

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II SEMESTER

AMPLIFIERS

Objective: To provide knowledge about different types of amplifiers and also the general

properties of an operational amplifier.

Unit 1

Voltage amplifiers 10 Hrs

General classification of Amplifiers, Small signal Amplifiers-CE Amplifier – DC and ac

equivalent circuits, hybrid parameter analysis -exact and approximate analysis. CC Amplifier-

Emitter Follower circuit.

Multistage amplifiers 06 Hrs

Multistage amplifiers – Multistage gain, gain in dB, Bandwidth, Types of coupling: RC

Coupled Amplifier - expressions for AV, AI, Zi and ZO (no derivation), Direct Coupled

Amplifier, Drift and Distortion in amplifiers.

Unit 2 10 Hrs

Power Devices

Power transistors, DIAC, TRIAC, SCR, MOSFET as a switch, UJT-characteristics

Power amplifiers

Types of Power amplifiers, series-fed class A Amplifier, Transformer coupled class A

Amplifier, class B transformer coupled Amplifier, Complementary Push Pull amplifier, cross

over distortion, Heat sink, Class C amplifier

Tuned amplifiers 04 Hrs

Single tuned and double tuned amplifiers - voltage gain and frequency response

Unit 3

Introduction to Operational amplifier 08 Hrs

Differential Amplifier-configurations, Dual input balanced output Amplifier-DC.Common

mode gain. Current mirror circuit and Active load.

Block diagram of Op-Amp, schematic symbol, Op-Amp equivalent circuit, voltage transfer

curve, ideal characteristics and Electrical parameters of Op-Amp.

Unit 4

Feedback circuits 14 Hrs

Types of feedback – General block diagram, expression for gain with feedback.

Negative feedback- advantages (mention only), Types-Block diagram representation.

Non-inverting amplifier - closed loop voltage gain, input resistance, output resistance,

bandwidth, total output offset with feedback, voltage follower.

Inverting amplifier - closed loop voltage gain, virtual ground, input resistance (Millers

theorem), output resistance, bandwidth, total output offset with feedback, Current-voltage

converter, F-V,V-F converters.

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TEXT BOOK:

1. Principles of Electronics A. P. Malvino. Tata McGraw- Hill, Seventh Edition 2007. 2. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, R.A. Gayakwad Prentice Hall of

India Fourth Edition 2000

REFERENCES:

1. Applied Electronics Sedha R S, S Chand , Revised edition 2013

2. Electronic devices Thomas L Floyd, Pearson education Limited 9th edition 2013

3. Basic Electronics and Linear circuits N N Bhargava, D C Kulashreshtha and S C Gupta , Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing 2nd Edition 2013

II SEMESTER PRACTICALS

Amplifier Lab

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Any Eight of the following to be performed (Expt No 1 is Compulsory)

Measurement with CRO –Voltage and frequency

1. Input and output characteristics of transistor in CE mode. Determine h-

parameters.

2. CE amplifier.

3. CC amplifier.

4. Inverting and non-inverting operational amplifiers.

5. Clippers and clampers.

6. Two stage RC coupled amplifiers.

7. Complementary – symmetry Class-B push pull amplifiers.

8. Single tuned amplifiers.

9. UJT characteristics.

10. Design of voltage divider bias.

11. SCR characteristics.

12. Direct coupled amplifiers.

13. VI characteristics of DIAC.

14. VI characteristics of TRIAC.

15. Measurement of voltage and frequency using CRO.

16. Current to voltage convertor.

17. Double tuned amplifiers.

18. MOSFET characteristics.

19. CB amplifier.

20. Study of drift and distortion in amplifiers.

21. MOSFET as a switch.

22. Study of different types of negative feedback.

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III SEMESTER

LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Objective: To provide in depth knowledge of linear integrated circuits and impart basic

knowledge of digital electronics.

Part A

Unit 1

Applications of Op-amp 10 Hrs

Inverting Configuration- Summing amplifier, Scale Changer, and Averager. Non-inverting

Configuration - Summing amplifier and Averager. Differential Configuration- Subtractor and

summing amplifier, Instrumentation amplifier. Integrator, Differentiator, Logarithmic

amplifier, Comparator and Schmitt trigger.

Unit 2

Active filters and Oscillators 08 Hrs

First Order Butter worth Filters: Low Pass, High Pass- Derivations, Band Pass and Band Reject

filters (wide band and narrow band), All pass filters - design of circuits.

Positive feedback, Barkhausen criterion.

R-C oscillators: Phase shift oscillator, Weinbridge oscillator.

L-C Oscillators: Colpitts and Hartley oscillator (no derivation).Crystal oscillator.

Relaxation oscillator- UJT

Unit 3

IC 555 Timer 06 Hrs

Internal block diagram, Astable and Monostable multivibrator.

Monostable Multivibrator applications: frequency divider, Pulse stretcher.

Astable multivibrator applications-square wave oscillator, free running ramp generator, VCO

Unit 4

IC Regulators 04 Hrs

Voltage regulators - fixed voltage regulators, positive voltage regulator (IC78XX series),

negative voltage regulators (IC79XX series). Adjustable voltage regulators - adjustable

positive voltage regulators (IC LM317), adjustable negative voltage regulators (IC LM337

series), switching regulators - block diagram, applications. Buck and Boost Regulators and

PUT.

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Part B

Unit 1

Digital arithmetic operations and circuits 08 Hrs

Review of Number systems. Codes - BCD code, gray code, excess-3 code, alphanumeric code

- ASCII code.

Binary arithmetic, signed numbers, 1’s and 2’s complement method of addition and

subtraction, BCD addition, Hexadecimal arithmetic.

Unit 2

Logic gates and Boolean algebra 08 Hrs

Boolean constants and variables - NOT, OR, AND gates (Diode-Transistor circuits), Boolean

algebra – Laws and theorems, NAND and NOR gates, De-Morgan’s theorems, EX-OR, EX-

NOR gates. Universal gates – implementation of Boolean expressions.

Combinational logic circuits 08 Hrs

SOP and POS expressions, Karnaugh map method for 2, 3, 4 variable expressions, don’t care

conditions, NAND, NOR implementation, Half adder, Full adder.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits R.A. Gayakwad Prentice Hall of India Fourth Edition 2007

2. Digital Systems Principles and Applications Ronald. J. Tocci. Tenth Edition 2009. REFERENCES:

1. Digital Fundamentals: Floyd , Eighth Edition Pearson 2009 2. Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits Robert F Coughlin and Frederick f Driscoll

Prentice Hall of India sixth Edition 2001

3. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated circuits, James. M. Fiore 2002

III SEMESTER PRACTICALS

Linear integrated circuits and Digital Electronics Lab

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

(Any Ten of the following to be performed)

Part A

1. Adder, Subtractor and Scale changer using Op-Amp 2. Wein Bridge Oscillator 3. First order Low Pass and High Pass Active Filters 4. Astable Multivibrator 5. VCO using Timer 6. Variable voltage and current regulators using LM 317 7. UJT relaxation oscillator 8. Colpitt’s Oscillator 9. Monostable Multivibrator 10. Hartley Oscillator 11. Phase Shift Oscillator

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Part B

12. Diode, transistor gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR Gates) 13. NAND as universal gates IC7400 14. NOR as universal gates IC7402 15. Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary code converters IC7486 16. Half adder and realization of full adder using two Half Adders (Basic gates and XOR

gates)

17. Design of logic Circuits

Regulated power supply as a small project

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IV SEMESTER

DIGITAL DESIGN AND VHDL PROGRAMMING

Objective: To study the design of digital circuits and implement the same using VHDL

programming.

Part A

Unit 1

Integrated logic families 10 Hrs

Digital IC terminology, IC packages, Standard TTL NAND gate, Totempole output

configuration. MOS digital integrated circuits- NMOS and PMOS logic, NMOS Inverter.

CMOS logic- CMOS inverter. Programming Logic Devices (mention only).

MSI logic circuits

Decoders , Encoders, Multiplexers (2:1, 4:1), Demultiplexers (1:2, 1:4), magnitude comparator

-IC 7485

D/A and A/D conversion

Weighted resistor D/A converters, R-2R D/A converters - accuracy and resolution, A/D

converter -successive approximation ADC.

Unit 2

Flip Flops 03 Hrs

Basic NOR latch, Basic NAND latch, clock signal and clocked flip-flops, clocked SR, D, JK

flip-flop, master slave JK flip flop.

Counters and registers 05 Hrs

Asynchronous counters, modulus counters, synchronous counters, Design of synchronous

counters using K-map.

Shift Registers-SISO, SIPO, PISO, and PIPO

Shift Counters-ring counter, Johnson counter.

Memories 03 Hrs

Memory terminology, general memory operation, ROM, RAM, Hard Disk, CD ROM, DVD,

Flash memories, Cache memories.

Part B

Introduction to VHDL: 10 Hrs VHDL terms, Describing Hardware in VHDL, entity, Architectures, Concurrent signal

Assignment, Event Scheduling, Statement Concurrency, structural Designs, Sequential

Behavior, Process Statements, Process Declarative Region, Process Statement Part, Process

Execution, Sequential Statements and Architecture Selection.

Behavioral Modeling: 05 Hrs

Introduction to Behavioral Modeling, Transport Versus Inertial Delay, Inertial Delay,

Transport Delay, Inertial delay model, Transport Delay Model, and Simulation Deltas.

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Sequential processing: 08 Hrs

Process Statement, Sensitivity list, process Example, Signal Assignment Versus, Variable

Assignment, Incorrect Mux example, correct Mux example, sequential statements, IF

Statements, CASE Statements, LOOP Statements, NEXT Statement, EXIT Statement,

ASSERT statement, Assertion BNF, WAIT ON signal, WAIT UNTIL Expression, WAIT FOR

time expression, Multiple Wait Conditions, WAIT Time-Out, Sensitivity List versus WAIT

Statement Concurrent Assignment Problem, Passive Processes.

Data Types: 04 Hrs

Object Types, Signal, Variables, Constants, Data Types, Scalar Types, Composite Types.

Subprograms and Packages: 04 Hrs

Subprograms, Subprogram Declaration, Function, Packages, Package Declaration, Package

Body.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Digital Systems Principles and Applications Ronald. J. Tocci. Eighth Edition 2005. 2. VHDL programming by Example: Douglas L Perry,4th edition-TMH

REFERENCES:

1. Digital Fundamentals: Floyd , Third Edition 1993. 2. Digital logic and computer Design - Moris Mano- PHI 3. Introduction to Digital Circuits: Theodore F Bogart , J R Tata McGraw Hill International, Edition 1992.

4. Digital Electronics: Bignell & Donovan, Fourth Edition 2000. 5. Digital Principles and Applications: Malvino and Leach, Fifth Edition 2005. 6. Digital Principles and Design: Donald D Givonne Tata McGraw Hill, Edition 2003. 7. VHDL Primer Bhasker

IV SEMESTER PRACTICALS

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Part A- Digital design Lab

1. Multiplexers (IC 74150) 2. Demultiplexer (IC 74154) 3. R-S Flip flop 4. D Flip flop IC7400 (with and without clock) 5. 3- bit Weighted Resistor Digital to analog converter using IC741 6. Decade counter using IC7490 and BCD to Seven Segment conversion IC7447 7. Shift Register using IC7495

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Part B- VHDL Programming Lab

1. Logic gates- AND, OR and NOT verification of truth table 2. 4- bit ripple counter UP Counter 3. Priority Encoder 4. 2x4 decoder 5. Ring counter 6. Multiplexer 7. Demultiplexer 8. RS Flip Flop 9. JK Flip Flop 10. Shift Register 11. Magnitude Comparator 12. Johnson counter 13. ALU

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V SEMESTER

Paper 5:COMMUNICATION I

Objective : To introduce the basic concepts of analog electronic communication systems

Unit 1 10Hrs

Noise External Noise-Atmosheric noise, ExtraTerrestrial noise, Cosmic noise and Industrial Noise.

Internal Noise-Thermal agitation noise, Shot noise and Transit time noise. Signal to Noise

Ratio, Noise Figure, Noise Temperature.

Analog Modulation

Need for modulation, Amplitude modulation – analysis of amplitude modulated wave,

modulation index, frequency spectrum, bandwidth, modulation by several sine waves, power

relations in AM. Different AM systems-DSB-FC, DSB-SC,SSB, SSB-SC. Frequency

modulation- analysis of frequency modulated wave -modulation index, percent modulation,

deviation ratio, carrier swing, frequency spectrum of FM, bandwidth. Comparison of AM and

FM.

Unit 2

Radio Transmitter and Receivers 10Hrs

Generation of AM - Collector Modulation circuit. Generation of FM-Reactance modulator and

Varactor modulator.Block Diagram of AM Transmitter and FM Transmitter.

Characteristics of radio receivers-Tuned radio frequency receiver, AM SuperHeterodyne

receiver, AM detectors-Diode and Transistor detectors. Principle of AGC, Image Frequency

and Rejection, FM SuperHeterodyne receiver, FM detectors-Balanced Slope Detectors, Pre-

emphasis and De-emphasis

Unit 3

Transmission lines 04Hrs

Types, Line parameters, Equivalent circuit of Transmission Line, characteristic impedance,

propagation constant, attenuation factor, phase factor, phase velocity, standing waves, SWR.

Antennas 05Hrs

Electromagnetic radiation, Elementary Doublet (Herzian Dipole) - antenna radiation patterns,

antenna gain, effective radiated power, antenna resistance, bandwidth, Beamwidth, grounded

antennas, transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, Parabolic antenna and yagi-uda antenna.

RADAR 03Hrs

Basic principles, block diagram of a Radar system, range equations, Basic pulsed, continuous

wave RADAR system and applications.

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Unit 4

Television 08Hrs

Monochrome Transmission, Interlaced scanning, Progressive scanning. Vidicon camera tube -

composite video signal, vestigial sideband transmission, TV transmitter and receiver, Color

television-primary and secondary colors, color combination, chroma and luminance signals as

per PAL system. Colour TV transmission and reception.

Modern trends in Television: Digital, MPEG, LCD, LED, Plasma, HD TV.

Textbooks

1. Electronic communication systems: Kennedy Davis, V edition, Tata Mc Graw hill Publications 2011.

2. Electronic communication systems, Fundamentals through Advanced : Wayne. Tomasi, V edition, Pearson education 2004

References

1. Television engineering : A.M.Dhake, Tata Mc Graw hill 2001

2. Communication Electronics: Principles and applications: Louis Frenzel., III edition, 2002,

TMH

3. Modern electronic communication: Gary. M. Miller, VI edition, PHI 1999.

4. Electronic communications: Dennis Roddy and John Coolen, IV edition, PHI 1995

5. Monochrome and Color TV: R. R. Gulati – Wiley Eastern Publishers 2005

6. Handbook of Experiments in Electronics and Communication: Poornachandra Rao and

Sasikala- Vikas Publishing House 2005.

V SEMESTER PRACTICALS

Analog Communication Lab

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. AM Modulation and Demodulation 2. FM Modulation 3. Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis 4. Audio Cross over network 5. Frequency mixer 6. Second Order Butterworth Low Pass and High Filter 7. Band Elimination Filter 8. AGC Characteristics

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V SEMESTER

Paper 6: MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

Objective: To establish a foundation on assembly language programming.

Unit 1

Introduction 02

Hrs

Introduction to Microprocessor and Microcontroller. Hardware, software, firmware.

Languages-machine language, assembly language, high level language. evolution of

microprocessors and microcontrollers, Comparison of microprocessors and microcontrollers.

The 8085 Microprocessor 06

Hrs 8085 Pin configuration and functions, bus organization, architecture, internal registers,

machine cycle, instruction cycle. Generation of control signals for external operations- fetch,

IO/M, read/write and timing diagram. Interrupts, serial I/O.

UNIT-2

8085 Instruction set and Programming concepts 10

Hrs

Different addressing modes. Instruction format, classification of instruction set - data transfer,

arithmetic, logical, stack, branching, machine control instructions. Subroutines, Counters and

time delay.

Assembly language programming: Memory to register and register to memory data transfer,

interchange data between two locations, 8-bit and 16-bit addition, 8-bit and 16-bit subtraction

and the number of 1’s and 0’s in a given byte.

UNIT-3

8051 Architecture: 04

Hrs

8051 Architecture block diagram, Pin Diagram, input/output pins, ports, circuits, memory

concepts, counters and timers, serial data input/output, interrupts.

8051 Instruction set and programming concepts 08

Hrs

Addressing modes.

Data transfer operations: External data moves, code memory read only data moves, Data

exchanges and stack instructions.

Logical operations- Byte level logical operations, Bit level logical operations, Rotate and Swap

instructions.

Arithmetic operations- incrementing and decrementing, addition, subtraction, multiplication

and division

Jump and call operations - Jumps, calls and subroutines, Interrupts and returns.

Assembly language programming: 8-bit addition and subtraction, finding the number of 1’s

and 0’s in a given byte, Multiplication and division of two 8-bit numbers, Bit level programs

and byte level programs.

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UNIT-4

Counter/Timer programming in 8051 06 Hrs

Operating modes, time delay generation, Waveform generation.

8051 serial communication

Basics of serial communication, modes of operation and programming.

Interrupts programming

Types, interrupt sources, interrupt priority and programming.

UNIT-5

Interfacing concepts 06

Hrs

Basic interfacing concepts, overview/concepts of compatible ICs of 8085 microprocessor

(8253/54, 8279, 8259, 8257- mention only). Interfacing I/O devices, Memory mapped I/O, I/O

mapped I/O, Comparison of Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O.

Programmable Peripheral Interface 8255 (Mention only)

Interfacing of 8051 with LED, Keyboard, LCD, ADC, DAC and stepper motor.

Text Books

1. Fundamentals of microprocessors and microcomputers : B.Ram, Dhanpat Rai publications, V edition 2001.

2. The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming and Interfacing K. Udaya Kumar, Pearson; 1 edition 2008.

3. The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming, & Applications – Kenneth .J. Ayala, Cengage, Second Edition 1997

4. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C Second Edition Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi Rolin D Mckinlay, Pearson

Education, 2006

References

1. Microprocessor Architecture, programming and applications with the 8085 : Ramesh.S. Gaonkar, Penram international, III edition. 2000

2. Introduction to Microprocessor : Aditya P Mathur, THM, III edition. 1996 3. Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microcontroller – Predko. TMH. 2000 4. 8051 Microcontroller : Hardware, software and Applications: V. Udayashankara, TMH,

2009

https://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22V.+Udayashankara%22

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V SEMESTER PRACTICALS

List of Programs

1. Program to load four internal registers with data from four consecutive locations in

memory using direct addressing mode and indirect addressing mode.

2. Program to interchange data stored at two consecutive memory locations using

indirect addressing mode.

3. Program to add and subtract two 8-bit numbers.

4. Program to add and subtract two 16-bit numbers.

5. Program to find the number of 1’s and 0’s in a given byte.

6. Program to multiply two 8-bit numbers.

7. Program to display smallest and largest number in a given array.

8. Program to arrange array of numbers in ascending and descending order.

9. Program to count decimal numbers from 00-99.

10. Program to display numbers from 00 to FF (Hexadecimal Counter).

11. Program to generate a square wave of desired frequency on Port Pin P1.5 using Timer 0

in mode 1.

12. Program to interface stepper motor to microcontroller and to rotate it continuously in

clockwise and anticlockwise direction.

13. Program to generate a Triangular Waveform, sawtooth and Square waveform using Dual

DAC Interface.

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VI SEMESTER

Paper 7: COMMUNICATION-II

Objective: To impart knowledge on fundamental concepts of digital modulation and

advanced communication systems.

Unit 1

Digital modulation 10Hrs

Information capacity - Bit rate, Baud. M-ary Encoding, Amplitude Shift Keying, Frequency

Shift Keying, Phase Shift Keying- BPSK- Transmitter and Receiver, QPSK- Transmitter and

Receiver, Quadrature amplitude modulation (qualitative).

Sampling theorem- Pulse Modulation-basic principle of PAM, PWM, and PPM, graphical

treatment, advantages, applications. Pulse Code modulation - quantization and quantization

error-delta modulation.

Unit 2

Data Communication 06Hrs

Information theory, digital codes, error detection and correction, Characteristics of data

transmission circuits. Data sets and interconnection requirements, MODEM classification,

MODEM interfacing. Network and control considerations - Network organization, switching

systems and Network protocols.

Unit 3

Satellite communication 08 Hrs

Electromagnetic spectrum, Ground waves, Sky-wave propagation, ionosphere and its effect,

Virtual height, critical frequency, maximum usable frequency, skip distance, fading, spacing

waves, Tropospheric scatter propagation, Extra terrestrial communications.

Introduction – History of Satellites – Kepler’s laws, Satellite orbits - Geo synchronous

Satellites - Antenna look angles - satellite classification - Spacing and frequency allocation-

footprints - satellite system link models (Uplink, down link), transponder. Multiple accessing:

TDMA, FDMA, CDMA techniques - GPS SERVICES, applications.

Unit 4

Optical Fiber Communication 08 Hrs

Introduction to Optical Fibers, Block diagram of Optical Fiber Communication system, optical

fiber types. Light propagation - Definitions - Acceptance angle - Numerical aperture. Optical

Fiber Configuration, Optical fiber classification, losses in optical fiber cables. Light sources –

optical sources- LED, LASER. Light detectors - Photo Diode, PIN, Avalanche diode.

Applications.

Unit 5

Mobile Communication 08Hrs

Evolution of Cellular Telephone - Fundamental concepts of Cellular telephone - Frequency

reuse Interference - cell splitting - Sectoring, segmentation and dualization - Cellular system

Topology - roaming and handoffs. Principle and working of mobile handset. Concepts of GSM

and PSCS.

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Text books:

Advanced Electronic Communication systems - Wayne Tomasi - VI edition. 2004

References:

1. Electronic communication systems- George Kennedy, Bernard Davis, S R M Prasanna V edition 2011

2. Electronic communications by Dennis Roddy and John Coolen, IV edition, PHI1995 3. Digital Communications by S K Venkata Ram, S Chand and company limited 2004 4. Satellite Communication by Agarwal, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi 2004 5. Principles of Communication Engineering by Umesh Sinha, Satyaprakashan, New

Delhi III edition 1988

6. An introduction to Analog and Digital communication by Simon Haykin and Michael Moher 2nd Edition.

VI SEMESTER PRACTICALS

Advanced Communication Lab

List of Experiments

1. ASK modulation and Demodulation 2. FSK modulation and demodulation 3. Characteristics of optical fiber/Transmission and Reception through optical fibers 4. Characteristics of photo detector using LDR, photodiode or phototransistor 5. DPSK Encoder and Decoder 6. BPSK 7. PWM and PPM Modulation

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VI SEMESTER

Paper 8: Robotics

UNIT-1 04 hrs

Introduction to Robotics : Basic Terminologies, Types and components of a robot,

Classification of robots, Robot architecture, Social issues and safety.

UNIT-2 08 hrs

Robot Kinematics: Need for Kinematics, Common Kinematic arrangement for manipulators.

Translation and Rotation Representation, Coordinate transformation, DH parameters, Direct

and inverse kinematics of 2R and 3R robots.

UNIT-3 12 hrs

Sensors and actuators: Sensor Categories, Contact and Proximity, Position, Velocity, Force and

Acceleration sensors, sensor selection. Sensors for localization, navigation, obstacle avoidance

and path planning in known and unknown environments.

Speed and direction control: DC Motors, H-Bridge, Stepper Motors, Servo motors, Selection

criterion for actuators.

Robot Vision sensors: Elements in vision sensor, steps in vision sensing, difficulties in vision

and remedies.

UNIT-4 14 hrs

Robot Intelligence System (using Arduino)

Introduction to Arduino environment, features, advantages. Arduino hardware- types of boards,

comparison of specifications. Arduino uno board- specifications, basic architecture, features of

atmega microcontroller. Programming overview, variables, functions, logical and math

operators. Arduino IDE. Introduction, creating program, program format and syntax.

Examples.

Digital and Analog pin assignments, specifications with Arduino Uno board, Interfacing of I/O

devices, simple analog and digital input reading with a switch, reading from keypad, reading

analog value, getting input from sensors, basic program examples.(Detecting light, movement,

sound, heat)

UNIT 5 04 hrs

Introduction of AI: Concepts and definition of AI, AI Problems, The Underlying assumption, What is an AI

technique,AI characteristics, AI versus Natural Intelligence, Applications of AI .

REFERENCES:

1. John J. Craig, “Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control”, Third Edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005.

2. Saha, S.K., “Introduction to Robotics, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, New Delhi, 2014.

3. Mark W. Spong, Seth Hutchinson, and M. Vidyasagar,” Robot Modeling and Control,1st edition, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.

4. Robin Murphy, Introduction to AI Robotics, MIT Press, 2000

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5. N. P. Padhy, Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems, Oxford University

Press, 2005

6. Arduino cook book, Michael Margolis,O’Reilly media Inc, 2011

7. Arduino datasheet

Lab Experiments:

1. Visualization of DH parameters and transformation matrices for different configurations of robot manipulators.

2. Forward kinematics of 2R and 3R robots and validate using a software (Robo Analyser or any other free software tool).

3. Inverse kinematics of 2R and 3R robots and validation using any software. 4. To study the effect of different motion trajectories applied to joints. 5. Installing Arduino IDE and setting up of Arduino board

Uploading and running sample programs

6. Interfacing of switch and reading the status of the switch

7. Reading analog voltage from a potentiometer

8. Interfacing sensors

9. Speed and direction control of Robot. 10. Mini project