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[Revision] GS1 Economy: Urbanization, Globalization; Population,Poverty, Development issues

Posted By Mrunal On 21/11/2014 @ 8:00 pm In Mains-2014 | 33 Comments

1. Prologue

2. [Block-1] Urbanization, Globalization

1. Urbanization problems and remedies

2. Globalization: impact on Indian Society

3. Culture-Lifestyle: Good

4. Culture-Lifestyle: Bad

5. Eco-Env: GOOD

6. Eco-Env: BAD

3. [Block-2] Population, Poverty, Development issues

1. Human Development report (UNDP)

2. Financialinclusion for poverty removal

3. Populationpolicy 2000

4. Demographic dividend

5. National youth policy 2014 (NYP)

6. Rangarajan Poverty line

7. Census 2011: facts when everything else fails

Prologue

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H1,H2=heading, subheading. For more, read their detailed interviews at Mrunal.org/Toppe

For GS1 to GS3, the Maximum Aukaat of any topic is 200 words, and the

minimum time, I take to research and write any GS-article is 2 days.

So, if I were to run full length articles on Cyclone Hudhud, relevance of planning

commission, Make in India, Clean India, Ganga cleaning etc. then mains would

be over. (Less than 3 weeks left while Im typing this).In GS1 to 3: youll have to face minimum 75 different topics. (10 marks each x

25 questions per paper x 3 papers)

4-5 key points x 30 words on each = 120-150 words easily.

Therefore, Im preparing a final round of [Revision] notes for selected-topics I

consider important/useful for Mains-2014 GS paper 1 to 3. (Selected topics only

because I cant build Taj-Mahal in 23 days).

There wont be prelim-cum-mains-cum-interview coverage in those notes.Just

street-smart 3-5-7 keypoints on selected topics so it can be revised quickly and

a jugaadu 100-200 words answer can be assembled in the exam hall.

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Q. You used to upload those weekly topiclist and essay list. What happened to

that?

Ans. Ill continue doing that. But Hardly 23 days left before Mains-2014. So, priorities

shifted temporarily.

Q. If question paper is already set, then should I stop reading newspaper?

Ans. No, you must read newspaper every day. Lot of direct/indirect fodder keepscoming. Itll help you a lot in Essay and GS.

[Block-1] Urbanization, Globalization

Official GS1- syllabus says:

1. Urbanization, problems and their remedies

2. Globalization and its impact on Indian society.

As such these are easy topics with truckload of points in Geography books and webpages.

But if you take it casually -isme kya prepare karnaa=>you will waste lot of time

in recollecting and organizing points during exam. Then 5m and 10m questions

cant be finished in 4 minute & 7 minute timer respectively.

Therefore must memorize 4-5 points on every topic for Heropanti

JudaadpantiTMin GS

Urbanization problems and remedies

Bollywood already released sufficient Study-material for Urbanization problem topic

Economic problems and remedies

Factor Consequence remedies

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1.Migrant inflowUnder-employment,

Informal employment,

exploitation

factory-labour reforms, RURBAN

mission (GS2*)

2.UnderEmployment

crime, drug abuse,

alcoholism Desi liquor,childlabour

Skill India, Din Dayal

Antyodaya (GS2*)

Women: Nirbhaya-CCTV,

self-defense, panicbuttons, toll free nos.

Organized crime: Police-

reforms

3.High land pricesBlack money, slums, illegal

societies

Tax-adm-reforms, BEPS, GAAR,

PMLA (GS3*)

4.Muni. Insufficient

funds due2 black

money

poor civic amnesties

Traffic

congesion=>pollutiongarbage-diseases

PPP, Smart cities, REITS, INVITs

(GS3*)

Urbanization: Environment problems and remedies

Factor Consequence remedies

1.High rent

& land

prices

Living peripheral area.Travel for hours on self-

vehicle

Pollution

Pub.transport: BRTS, Metro

rail, car-poolingAwareness: A.Q.I., Bharat

Emission Norms (*GS3)

Smart cities, Intelli-traffic

Management (*GS3)

2.Electricity

crisis

diesel generator=pollution

Poors rely on firewood

net metering:put solarpanel

on roof-sell excess electricity

to company

More nuke plants if jholachhapNGOs permit

3.Slums

Sewage=disease=>poverty.

Each disease poor family

Rs.6000. (time n wages

lost)

Clean India

Waste Management

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4.Gardens

& buildings

Pesticides=no

insect=sparrow chics dead

Glass building=birds crash,

no nest

Eco friendly buildings & gardening

(*) means more details about those remedies in upcoming revision notes on

environment and economy.

Globalization: impact on Indian Society

As such infinite topic. But few keypoints must be memorized to finish answers under

4/7 minutes timer.

Culture-religion-lifestyle angles: good and bad impact.

Economy and environment angles: good and bad impact.

Culture-Lifestyle: Good

English +IT + Internet=> youth from small town / villages=>social

empowerment.

Job, Prosperity, Free flow of Ideas => social taboos & caste structure less rigid.

e.g. Girl can cremate fathers body.

Social networking, media, candle marches =>Nirbhaya campaign, More voices

against domestic violence, crime against women.

Indian literature, music, movies got international recognition and vice versa.

Free flow of ideas and influence both ways.

Fusion in fashion, food, lifestyle.

Culture-Lifestyle: Bad

Religious conversations via lure of money, Missionary-Naxal-NE-secessionist

angles.

Middle-East Jihadi funding to Madressa.

Internet, Facebook, whatsapp: Brainwashed nsura youth to join ISIS; Riots in

UP, Delhi; piracy.

Decline of classical art, language, literature. (more money in English novel thanvernacular).

Valentines day, live-in relations, kiss-of-love, commodification of women,

Pornography, MMS-Voyeurism, vulgar reality shows, etc. angles

Divorce, Nuclear families, erosion of Alok Nath sanskaars in child upbringing

in the imported

Flaunting money in social gatherings (DJ, 50 types of soups)=> Materialized

society=>must get rich quickly, take bribes, exploitation, no empathy for poors,

elderly etc.

Fast-food, 247 social networking: obesity, lifestyle diseases; Bird-flu, HIV, Ebola

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Eco-Env: GOOD

Trade liberalization employment.

Agrarian economy=>mfg | service economy=>better GDP and revenue

collection => more social services=malnutrition decline (said Global hunger

report)

MNC=cheaper and wide variety of goods=>power to customer.FDI, FII, Crowdfunding= Indian startup companies.

Eco-Env: BAD

All points from urbanization table.

MNC Mining=> tribal land alienation, tribal culture society diminish

Resource exploitation Climate change=>flood nsuran, disasters=hurting Indians

living

MNC=> desi artisans, small MSME hurt. Jobless growth, income inequality

Income inequality=>crime, child labor, desi liquor, drug abuse, domestic

violence.

[Block-2] Population, Poverty, Development issues

GS1: Official syllabus says:

1. Population and associated issues.

2. Poverty and developmental issues.

Above subjects have many subtopics in theory and current. But Im focusing only ona few topics that can be used in variety of scenarios-as last fallback line when you

cant think of anything and need 4-5 keypoints.

Human Development report (UNDP)

This report provides sufficient keypoints to assemble answers for many generic

questions about poverty and Development.

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Poverty/Development: How to reduce vulnerability & build resilience?

Theme: reducing vulnerability and building resilience of human Development

India rank 135: lowest among BRICS except in Life expectancy.

4 culprits that increase vulnerability

1. Climate change (Food production down)

2. Conflict (ISIS, Syria, Pak-border shelling, Maoists, NE-secessionist raping and

murdering women in front of families)

3. Social unrest (Riots at UP,Delhi)

4. Economic crisis (inflation, unemployment: blue collar by policy paralysis and

whitecollar by subprime)

6 prescription to build resilience

1. Universal basic service: health (NHRM, NRUM, Health assurance), education

(SSA, MDM, RMSA), water supply, sanitation (Clean India) and public safety

(Nirbhaya Fund, policing).

2. Protect person @3 vulnerable stages of life:

a. First 1000 days after birth (vaccination programs, ICDS, newborn child

action plan)

b. When Entering workforce (skill India, din Dayal Antyodaya, Udaan, STAR,

NSDC)

c. When leaving workforce. (Jivan Praman certificate, NPS, Swavlamban, )

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3. Social protection (80% of world lacks). Lack of social security = people sell their

assets, child labor.

4. Full employment (50% world informal jobs). Unemployment = crime, suicides;

child labour, malnutrition.

5. Include women, disabled and minorities in development.

6. Disaster preparedness. Else they worsen poverty, inequality, social unrest,

climate damage etc.

India specific prescription in HDI:

7. Spend 4% of GDP on social security including NREGA, universal primary health

coverage, old age and disabled pensions and child benefits

8. 1999 Odisha cyclone >10,000 dead but 2013 cyclone demand boost, GDP.

Investment and insurance =Protected against Unforseen circumstances.

Japan, S.Korea, USA all were @Indias current level but marched past in 60s

thanks to financial inclusion.

Lack of Fin.inclusion =>money lender, Ponzi scheme, MLM, Saradha Chit fund.

women Empowerment, Social harmony, less recruits for naxals

E-Payment: Cashless subsidies, payments, salaries= Governments Rs.1 lakh cr

can be saved (Mckinley study)

Population policy 2000

Control Population: get TFR: 2.1 (now 2.4)HOW?

Safe abortion, Sterilization

child, family planning. => ASHA and ASHOK workers.Stable population @2045= stable growth rate, stable age composition

Get MMR: Indira Matritva sahyog, mother child tracking,

RCH, Janani/Shishu suraksha, +need compulsory rural service for MBBS.

Compulsory registration of birth and death

HIV control, Universal immunization.=> National urban and rural health

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mission. + upcoming national health assurance mission.

Demographic dividend

Majority of population in working age group

Age pyramid shows bulge in the working age-group

India: 65% below 35 age (says Modi.)

To reap dividend=> National Youth Policy, skill training necessary.

National youth policy 2014 (NYP)

Youth definition=15-29 years.

Ministry of Sports and Youth affairs to implement it

Will form a Youth Council to oversee implementation.

Policy to focus on 11 pillars. Ive consolidated those under five heads.

Education, employment, skill, entrepreneurship=> RMSA-RUSA, Sakshar Bharat,

Skill India program, Din Dayal Antyodaya, Apprentice bill, Venture fund for SC

etc.

Participation in politics and governance=> PMRDF fellowship making young

men nsura of DM in naxal areas.

Inclusion, Social justice=> Various schemes for skilling

SC/ST/Women/Minorities/J&K/NE

social values, Community engagement, youth engagement

Healthy lifestyle, Sports.

Rangarajan Poverty line

Earlier:Tendulkar per capita Expenditure method: ~22% junta / 27 crore junta.

Ranga family of 5 monthly Expenditure: 7035 (U); 4860 I. now 37 crore junta

poor.

Per person Per day Expenditure:47(U); Rs.32 I

Food Expenditure=Calorie +Protein + fat.

Includes food + nonfood items such as education, healthcare, clothing,

transport, rent.

Bottom 35% rural junta always be considered poor. Same way for 25% for

urban

Poverty ratios should be disengaged from entitlements under Government

schemes. NFSA (food security) act not on BPL-ness, but social-caste census etc.

Census 2011: facts when everything else fails

When everything else fails, one can always fall back to stupid statistics to create fish

market in GD and fillup 100-200 words in mains. Although its upto examiner to give

marks on that.

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Urban junta 30% (exact 31.15%)

Rural junta 70% (percentage) and 80 crore (numbers)

Villages, total6 lakh villages. (NOFN etc talk about broadband for 2.5 lakh gram

panchayats.)

Minorities(1) Muslims > (2) Christians > (3) Sikhs > (4) Buddhists > (5) Jains > (6)

ParsiLiteracy % Total 74, men 82, women 65

TFR2.4. higher in rural than urban because they dont have TV said

Khursheed.

Birth rate 21/1000

Deaths

Death rate 7/1000

IMR: 42/1000; MMR: 178/1lakh (but I would go with UNDP

number 200/1 lakh because its easy to remember)

Life expectancy: 66 years overall. Higher for women than menbecause they consume less desi liquor.

Sex ratio 943/1000 all age; 914/1000 for children

Population

growth rate17.7%

Next [Revision]: GS2 Economy- Policies, schemes intervention for manufacturing

sector.

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