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MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1
Organizing Data and Information
Chapter 5
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 2
Principles and Learning Objectives
• The database approach to data management provides significant advantages over the traditional file-based approach.
– Define general data management concepts and terms, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database approach to data management.
– Name three database models and outline their basic features, advantages, and disadvantages.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 3
Principles and Learning Objectives
• A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making.
– Identify the common functions performed by all database management systems and identify three popular end-user database management systems.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 4
Principles and Learning Objectives
• The number and types of database applications will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits
– Identify and briefly discuss current database applications.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 5
The Hierarchy of Data
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 6
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 7
The Traditional versus the Database Approach to Data Management
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 8
The Traditional Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 9
Traditional Approach
• Data redundancy• Program-data dependence• Data integrity
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 10
Database Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 11
Advantages of the Database Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 12
Advantages of the Database Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 13
Disadvantages of the Database Approach
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 14
Data Modeling & Database Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 15
Data Modeling and Database Models
• Content - What data should be collected?• Access - What data should be given to what users?• Logical structure - How will the data be organized to
make sense to a particular user?• Physical organization - Where will the data actually be
located?
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 16
Data Modeling
• Enterprise data modeling• Planned data redundancy• Data model• Entity-relationship diagrams
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 17
Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 18
Data Models
• Hierarchical models• Network models• Relational models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 19
Hierarchical (Tree) Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 20
Network Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 21
Relational Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 22
Relational Models
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 23
Data Cleanup
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 24
Database Management Systems (DBMSs)
• Provide a user view• Create and modify the database• Store and retrieve data• Manipulate data• Produce reports
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 25
Creating and Modifying the Database
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 26
Data Definition Language
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 27
Creating and Modifying the Database
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 28
Data Dictionary Benefits
• Reduced data redundancy• Faster program development• Easier data & information modification• Increased data reliability
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 29
Storing and Retrieving Data
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 30
Structured Query Language
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 31
Database Output
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 32
Popular Database Management Systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 33
Selecting a DBMS
• Database size• Number of concurrent users• Performance• Integration• Features• Vendor• Cost
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 34
Database Management Systems
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 35
Data Warehouses
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 36
Comparison of OLTP and Data Warehousing
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 37
Database Developments
• Data warehouses• Data marts• Data mining
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 38
Data Mining
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 39
Distributed Databases
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 40
On-Line Analytical Processing
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 41
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 42
Object-Relational Database Management Systems
• Stores objects• Hypermedia• Spatial data technology
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 43
Summary
• Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm possesses
• Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained
• DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs
• Traditional on-line transaction processing (OLTP) - do not support the types of data analysis needed today