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A

Major Project Report

On

PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM

FOR WADI AND WATERSHED

Submitted for partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of

Degree

Of

Master of Business Administration

Of

KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT, KIIT UNIVERSITY

BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA

Session 2010-12

Supervision by: - Submitted by: -Prof. Nandini Sen Ranjan Prasad (10201040)

Prof. T.Kumar Sri Niwas (10201054)KSRM MBA-RM

KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT

KIIT UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR

ODISHA-751024

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DECLARATION

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the project work

entitled PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION

SYSTEM FOR WADI AND WATERSHED, is based my own work carried

out during the course of my study under the supervision ofProf. Nandini Sen

and Prof. T.Kumar.

I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of

the project work. I further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief

that the project report does not contain any part of any work which has been

submitted for the award of any other degree/diploma/certificate in this

University or any other University.

(Signature of the Candidate)Name of the Candidate

Ranjan Prasad (10201040)

Sri Niwas (10201054)

2010-12

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CERTIFICATE BY GUIDE

This to certify that the report of the project submitted is the outcome of the project

work entitled Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation System for WADI

and Watershed Development Program carried out by Ranjan Prasad

(10201040) & Sri Niwas (10201054) carried by under my guidance and

supervision for the award of Degree in Master of Business Administration in Rural

Management of KIIT School of Rural Management, KIIT University

Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

To the best of the my knowledge the report

i) Embodies the work of the candidate him/herself,

ii) Has duly been completed,

iii) Fulfils the requirement of the ordinance relating to the MBA degree of

the University and

iv) Is up to the desired standard for the purpose of which is submitted.

_______________________

(Signature of the Guide)

Name: Prof. Nandini Sen

Prof. T. Kumar

Department: KSRM, KIIT University

Bhubaneswar, Odisha

The project work as mentioned above is hereby being recommended and forwarded

for examination and evaluation.

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CERTIFICATE BYTHE EXAMINERS

This is to certify that the project entitled

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation System for WADI

and Watershed Development Program

Submitted by

Ranjan Prasad (10201040) & Sri Niwas (10201054) has been examined by the

undersigned as a part of the examination for the award of Master of Business

Administration in Rural Management from KIIT School of Rural Management, KIIT

University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

.

Name & Signature of Name & Signature

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: Date:

Forwarded by-

Academic HeadKIIT School of Rural Management

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In preparing the report a considerable amount of thinking and informational inputs from various

sources were involved. We would like to take this opportunity to duly acknowledge the

contribution of a number of people without whom the MTS-II would not have been a successful

exercise. This MTS is a mix of different components in which people other than the members of

this project have valuably added.

We take this opportunity to thanks dignitaries of Gramin Vikas Trust, our Reporting Officer Mr.

Vishv Bhushan, who really showed his special interest to make us understand about the project

and guidelines for successful completion of our project and report. We would like to thankMr.

MahiPal Singh Maderna (Team Leader Watershed), Mr. Mukesh Khatariya (Team Leader

WADI), Mr. Puspendra and other field staffs such as for their consistent support throughout the

study period.

But not least we would like to thank our MTS-II Coordinator, Prof. Prasun Kumar Das, who

deputed us in Gramin Vikas Trust, Dahod (Gujarat), and our faculty guide Prof. Nandini Sen

and Prof. T Kumar for their insight and valuable support.

Thank you.

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ContentsCHAPTER 1: [INTRODUCTION] .............................................................................................................. 9

1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 10

1.1.1 Geography: ................................................................................................................................ 10

1.1.2 Social: ........................................................................................................................................ 11

1.1.3 Population: ................................................................................................................................ 11

1.1.4 Natural Resources and Livelihood ............................................................................................ 11

1.2 Objective of the study: ...................................................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER 2 : [METHODOLOGY] ........................................................................................................... 12

2.1 Limitation of the study ..................................................................................................................... 12

2.2 Organization profile: ......................................................................................................................... 12

2.2.1 Organizational Setup ................................................................................................................. 13

2.2.2 What they do?............................................................................................................................ 13

2.3 Objectives of GVT: .......................................................................................................................... 142.3.1 Main Approaches ...................................................................................................................... 14

2.3.2 They work with ......................................................................................................................... 14

2.4 The Western India Rain-fed Farming Project (WIRFP) ................................................................... 15

2.5 Project components and approaches: ............................................................................................... 15

2.5.1Component A ............................................................................................................................. 15

2.5.2Component B: ............................................................................................................................ 15

2.5.3Component C: ............................................................................................................................ 15

2.6 Project area: ...................................................................................................................................... 16

2.7 Strength of GVT ............................................................................................................................... 16

2.8 Thematic Areas: ................................................................................................................................ 17

CHAPTER 3: [WADI DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM]............................................................................. 22

3.1Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 22

3.2 Wadi System ..................................................................................................................................... 23

3.3 Wadi plot: ......................................................................................................................................... 23

3.4 Tree based farming: .......................................................................................................................... 23

3.5 Horticulture and kitchen gardening: ................................................................................................. 24

3.6 Area Selection: ................................................................................................................................. 24

3.6.1 Total area coverage for Wadi: ................................................................................................... 25

3.7 Participants: ...................................................................................................................................... 25

3.8 Implementation stage: ....................................................................................................................... 25

3.9 Number of Plants Required for Wadi in different stages.................................................................. 26

3.10 Success points for project ............................................................................................................... 26

3.11 Selected Species: ............................................................................................................................ 27

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3.12 Criteria for Species Selection and Yield (Estimated) ..................................................................... 27

3.13 Source of Plants:......................................................................................................................... 28

3.14 Estimated Yield from Wadi: ........................................................................................................... 28

3.15 PROJECT COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................... 29

CHAPTER 4: [IMPLEMENTATION] ....................................................................................................... 31

4.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR WADI PROJECT: ............................. 31

4.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Diary: .................................................................................................... 32

4.3 Findings: ........................................................................................................................................... 32

CHAPTER 5 : [WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM] .............................................................. 34

5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 34

5.2 Major Problems of the Watershed Area: .......................................................................................... 34

5.3 Why watershed a need? .................................................................................................................... 35

5.4 WDP- Gramin Vikas Trust ............................................................................................................... 35

5.5 Selection Criteria for Watershed Development Program ................................................................. 36

5.6 Physiographic and Drainage for WDP ............................................................................................. 37

5.7 Necessity for Participatory Approach for the WDP ......................................................................... 37

5.8Purpose for WDP ............................................................................................................................... 38

5.9Formation of Village Watershed Committee (VWC) ........................................................................ 39

5.10 Activates Involved in Watershed Development Program ............................................................... 39

5.11Phases of WDP ................................................................................................................................ 39

CHAPTER 6[ BUSINESS PLAN] ............................................................................................................. 40

6.1Business Plan: .................................................................................................................................... 40

6.2FLOW CHART OF BUSINESS MOEDL ........................................................................................ 42

6.3DAIRLY AVTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................... 436.4TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PLAN .......................................................................... 44

6.5ASSUMPTIONS- .............................................................................................................................. 45

6.6OVERALL PROJECT COST............................................................................................................ 46

6.7PRODUCTION SHEET OF OKRA AND CLUSTER BEANS FOR TWO SEASONS .................. 47

6.8PRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 48

6.9SALES OF OKRA AND CLUSTER BEANS .................................................................................. 48

6.10FARMERS EXPENSE SHEET (2 SEASONS) ............................................................................. 49

6.11TRANSPORTATION COST .......................................................................................................... 49

CHAPTER 7 [ CONCLUSION] ................................................................................................................. 50

CHAPTER 8 [ANNEXURE] ...................................................................................................................... 50

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List of Abbreviations

GVT-Gramin Vikas Trust

IGWDP- Indo-German Watershed Development Program

NABARD- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

VWC- Village Watershed Committee

SWC- Soil Water Conservation

CBP- Capacity Building Phase

FIP- Full Implementation Phase

FSR- Feasibility Study Report

AH- Agro Horticulture

CCT- Continuous Contour Trench

WAT- Water Absorption Trench

SCT- Staggered Contour Trench

AF- Afforestation

DH- Dry Land Horticulture

LSW- Lady Social Worker

SO- Stone Outlet

SO (LS) - Stone Outlet Local Stone

SB- Stone Bund

SB (LS) - Stone Bund (Local Stone)

SGP- Stone Gully Plug

FB- Field Bund

DLT- Drainage Line Treatment

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CHAPTER 1: [INTRODUCTION]

Many complexities attached with tribal way of life due their historical, socio-cultural and

geographical situations. Some approach of development being attempted to reduce it but

unfortunately not met with desired success. In this way with the help of Government and NGOs

in different part of country made some demonstrative models of development, Among them the

Wadi approach adopted by an NGO, BAIF Development Research Foundation (BAIF), Pune.

It left a good impact in a short span of time and stands out as sustainable model for replication in

other tribal areas.

WADI (Small Orchard) program introduced during 80s in Vansda District in Gujrat by BAIF

Development Research Foundation, Pune as comprehensive Tribal Development Program. This

program is basically an agriculture based farming system in the rain fed tribal areas envisaged

empowering women through community participation, initiative as processing and marketing of

products. The main focus is on development of small fruit orchard (Wadi), Agriculture

improvement and restoration of waste land through ecological intervention and soil and moisture

conservation measures. NABARD became the nodal agency for the program and has created a

dedicated fund for the project namely Tribal Development Fund (TDF).

WADI in Gujarati means a small orchard covering one or two acres. This may be of mango or

cashew or Amla or any fruit crop suitable to the area or combination of these tree crops, with

forestry species on the periphery of the land holding. Two or more trees crops are selected in the

WADI model to minimize biological and marketing risks.

An one acre model of WADI accommodates around 40 fruit plants and 320 forestry plants. In

five years, a poor village of 100 families gets converted into an orchard of a 100-150 acre

producing hundreds of tones of fruits.

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1.1 Background

Dahod along with Godhara, Kalol and Jhalod was one of the Five (Panch) Mahals of Panchmahal

District. Dahod is considered as the birth place of the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb. The district

came into existence in 1997 when the seven blocks of Panchmahal district namely Dahod,

Garbada, Jhalod, Fatehpura, Limkheda, Dhanpur and Devgadh Baria wer carved away to form aseparate unit with Dahod town as the district headquarters. Dahod is located near the boundaries

of two states, Rajasthan and Maddhyapradesh.

Figure 1: Project location

1.1.1 Geography:

Dahod is a tribal dominated district situated in the eastern part of Gujrarat. It is surrounded by

Panchmahal district in the west, Banswara district of Rajasthan to the North, Jhabua District of

Madhya Pradesh to the east and Vadodara district to the south. The district has an area of 3943

Sq km. There are seven talukas in the district like Dadhod, Garbada, Jhalod, Fatehpura,

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Limkheda, Dhanpur and Devgadh Baria. These seven talukas are divided into 696 villages with

470 Gram Panchayats.

1.1.2 Social:Out of total population in this district 90 % inhabitants residing in villages. As Dahod is

predominantly inhabited by tribals. The main tribal groups are Bhils, Pateliyas, Nayaks, and

Rathwas. The villages are divided into different hamlets called Falia. High rates of migration,

lack of awareness and social bindings are the main causes of the backward area.

1.1.3 Population:

According to the 2011 census population of Dahod District is 2126558 comprising 1123279

male and 1003279 female. The district has a population density of 582 inhabitants per square

kilometer. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 29.95 %. Dahod has sex

ratio of 986 females for every 1000 males and literacy rate of 60.16%

1.1.4 Natural Resources and Livelihood

The district is having rich water resources and the main rivers of the district are Anas, Machan,

Khan Kali 1 and 2, Hadaf, Panam and Kabutri while river Sipi, Dausi, Wankdi and Sukhi Nafdi

are tributeries of main river Hadap. Kind of soil is hard and rocky. The types of soil are clayey

and sandy loam with water holding capacity of 40 to 50%.

The main occupation of the district is agriculture. Rearing of small livestock is another source of

income for the poor of the region where as the larger animals are reared by the comparatively

better of families. Very few families have taken up micro enterprise like grocery shops, micro

level trading etc.

1.2 Objective of the study:

A. To develop Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation system for WADI and Watershed

Development Program

B. To demonstrate and implement the developed diary on basis for 15 days.

C. To prepare business plan on vegetables for the beneficiaries of WADI taking farmers,

SHGs and GVT.

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CHAPTER 2 : [METHODOLOGY]

Currently Wadi and Watershed project is running in 17 village of Dahod District. Field staffs like

Community Organizers (CO) and Jaankars are responsible for entire implementation, monitoring

and execution on the field level activities. Jaankars and Community Organizers are headed by

Program Manager in District office.

Discussion with field staffs such as Jankar, APO, PO, Agriculture Officer, Engineer and

Village Watershed Committee.

Interviews and focused group discussion with WADI and Watershed beneficiaries.

Reports and records as Secondary data from GVT and NABARD office.

Initially as a pilot test, we structured a farmers diary consisting of all activities related to

Wadi and Livelihood. One day training in field organized for all jaankars and COs that how

to maintain the diary and if there is some lacuna then make some improvement in farmers

diary for a better monitoring system. Under each Jaankar 5 farmers are selected for pilot and

diary given to each for 15 days.

2.1 Limitation of the study

Very less time allocated to study the WADI and Watershed Project.

2.2 Organization profile:

Gramin Vikas Trust

Gramin Vikas Trust (GVT), committed for development of the rural livelihoods was established

by Krishak Bharti Co-operative Limited, with the support from Govt. of India and Department

for International Development (DFID), U.K. The mission of GVT is to act as a catalyst involving

and enabling the rural communities to improve their livelihoods in the resource poor areas.

Gramin Vikas Trust has been registered, under Indian Trust Act 1882, at New Delhi; vide

Registration No. 1501/4 dated 4th May 1999. Its Registered Office is: 49-50 Red Rose House,

Nehru Place, New Delhi 110 019 and its corporate office is KRIBHCO Bhawan in Noida, U.P.

GVT is exempted under section 35 AC and 80G of Income Tax Act.1961, besides it also has

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Exemption under section 197 (1) of the Income Tax Act 1961. GVT is registered under Foreign

Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA), 1976, with registration no. 231660318.

2.2.1 Organizational Setup

GVT is headed by a Board of Trustees, consisting of 7 (seven) Ex-Officio Members comprising

of Chairman, Vice Chairman, Managing Director, Finance Director and Marketing Director of

KRIBHCO and two nominees from the Department of Fertilizers, Govt. of India. Four

nominated members are also on the board having expertise in the field of Agriculture and

Agricultural Research, Rural Development, Non-Government/Voluntary Sector and Social

Sciences.

Figure 2: Organogram

2.2.2 What they do?

To Serve the local communities and bring about rural prosperity GVT has adopted a number of

villages for their integrated development and has prepared a participatory action plan based on

the available local resources of villages and thereby supplementing the efforts of the local bodies

and Government agencies in making the village self-reliant in meeting its needs.

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2.4 The Western India Rain-fed Farming Project (WIRFP)

WIRFP was initiated in 1993 with the overall goal of

reducing poverty in rain fed areas of India. The purpose

of the project is to enhance the livelihoods of poor people

in selected areas of Western India through appropriate

technologies and approaches. It is anticipated that the

program would impact on the lives of roughly 675,000

people (log frame appended). The project is supported by

the UK Department for International Development -

India (DFIDI).

The first phase (Phase I) of the project was implemented by KRIBHCO from 1993 to 1999, in

three districts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. Phase I focused on learning from

interventions in natural resources and livelihoods of poor people. The lessons learned were used

in scaling up of the project in Phase II, with an emphasis on the promotion of sustainable

livelihoods and farming systems development; Enhancing dissemination through partnership and

Participatory Technology Development.

2.5 Project components and approaches:

The main components of the project are:

2.5.1Component A: Farming System Development Expanding Project interventions,

activities to 202 core project villages (where these activities will be concentrated) and 500

proximal villages (where dissemination shall take place), thus bringing substantial livelihood

benefits to about 5,60,000 rural poor.

2.5.2Component B: Promoting Dissemination through Partnership Project technologies to

another 500 villages via GOs, NGOs, PRIs and CBOs in the region (thus benefiting at least

another 410,000 (rural poor) and to selected organizations within the country.

2.5.3Component C: Participatory Technology Development by facilitating links between

government research institutes and project communities, especially poor.

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2.6 Project area:Table 1: Project area

Project area Rajasthan GujaratMadhya Pradesh

TotalRatlam Jhabua

District covered 2 2 1 2 7

Cluster undertaken 24 8 14 19 65

No. Of Core villages currently working 60 20 50 72 202

No. Of dissemination villages 175 75 105 180 535

No. of dissemination villages in which project is

working144 75 105 142 466

Sourcesecondary data

The project works in the areas of soil and water conservation, crop, tree and livestock

development, micro-enterprise and social development with local government and self help

groups.

2.7 Strength of GVT Long experience in sustainable livelihoods support in the Rainfed and resource poor tribal

areas.

Successful participatory models in farming system development.

Experience of on & off-farm income generating activities (IGA).

Experienced and qualified Field Expertise in Watershed Management, Agriculture,

Livestock, SWC & WRD, Social Development and Aquaculture etc.

Programs being implemented and disseminated through a cadre of more than 6000 Jankars

(trained para -professionals).

Tested cost-effective Parser (Dissemination) Strategies.

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2.8 Thematic Areas:Gramin Vikas Trust is basically working with

the tribal people living below poverty line in

eight states of the country, namely Rajasthan,

Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in the West, Bihar,

Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and

Orissa in the East.

A. Social Mobilization and Institutional

Development:

GVT has developed a comprehensive and

proven method for community mobilization and

strengthening grass root institutions through

Self Help Group's, rapport building, participatory planning process, community problem analysis

and community need analysis through PRA and IFPRA, well being ranking, village work plans,

capacity building of community groups, PRIs and CBOs.

B. Livelihood and Enterprise

GVT has been focusing its activities for the sustainable enhancement of livelihoods for the rural

poor through farm and non-farm activities since the past one and half decades. Multispectral

approaches with holistic interventions are being implemented with participation of the

communities. Communities are being organized into Self Help Groups and are empowered to

plan and implement various programs. The groups are able to access the project funds based on

their actual needs and also identify the beneficiaries. Need based activities, costs, time-line and

the beneficiaries are approved by a resolution in the Self Help Groups, then funds are accessed

and utilized by self-help-groups members.

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Practical Session of Mason skill Development training Self Help Group Meeting at Karamba

at Vocational Training Centre Dahod (Gujarat)

C. Women Empowerment and Equity:

Poverty reduction and livelihood enhancement activities are being carried out with a focus on

gender and equity. Women empowerment and gender sensitization process are taken up at

village level. Many livelihood activities such poultry, flourmill, grocery/bangle shops, block

printing work are exclusively provided to women beneficiaries and women groups. A cadre of

women Jankars have been identified and are working as trained village level Para-Professional to

spearhead women empowerment activities under GVT. Capacity building/training, exposure

programs, women participation in Self Help Groups and other community institutions are

ensured to participate in decision making process, benefit sharing and to access livelihood

opportunities to improve their socio-economic status.

The entire livelihood activities under Rain fed farming programs are implemented through self-

help groups; hence the total cost of the project is utilized through the groups. This has resulted in

wider opportunities for the community contribution and thus creating room for the Self Help

Groups to generate more group funds through savings and credit activities. The group funds are

mainly used for promoting entrepreneurial activities based on the local needs, resources, skills as

well as market opportunities for various products.

D. Renewable Natural Resources Management & Watershed Development:

Intensive Natural Resource Management activities are carried out through Soil & Water

Conservation, Water Resource Development, Joint Forest Management, Common Property

Resource Development, formation of user beneficiaries group, Watershed approach by following

ridge to valley treatment measures, contour and staggered trenches, gully plugs and check dams.

Besides these, community leaders are empowered through intensive training in Participatory

Watershed Management to build the element of sustainability.

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Soil Treatment Area in Sarmariya

E. Farming Systems Research and Development:

Participatory Technology Generation and Participatory Varietal Selection are initiated in

collaboration with State Agriculture Universities. GVT Regularly conducts farmers managed

participatory trials in agriculture crops such as, Rice, Maize, Black gram, Pigeon Pea, Chickpea,

etc. and has released four varieties of crops.

Crop Demonstration plot and seed bank development

F. Innovative Migrant Labor Support Programs:

Migration is an indispensable means of livelihood for many rural poor in the rain fed areas. Due

to degraded, unproductive land, and lack of alternative employment opportunities, the rural

communities are forced to migrate to urban areas in search of employment. GVT worked with

these migrant laborers to facilitate and support them and reduce their sufferings during migration

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and improve their livelihoods. Special training centers have been opened in different localities

where migrant laborers get relevant information on their rights. Special Information and

Communication Centers, PSKs (Palayan Sewa Kendras) have been opened in different cluster

areas so that migrant laborers could know the employment opportunities, build legal awareness,

the human rights and other laws of contract labor. Special identity cards have been issued to

these migrant laborers. PSKs and MRCs (Migration Resource Centers) have been opened for a

smooth functioning between their native places and the place of work. GVT is facilitating better

services for migrant road construction workers at Ratlam district in Madhya Pradesh through a

ADB funded pilot project. The project area is a tribal dominated area and most of the

communities work as construction laborer. Awareness generation and capacity building are the

key component of the project. GVT's Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches (SLAs) are centered

on people and their livelihoods. GVT prioritize people's assets (tangible and intangible); their

ability to withstand shocks (the vulnerability context); and policies and institutions that reflect

poor people's priorities, rather than those of the elite.

H. Skill Development through Vocational Training:

Vocational training means a training related to livelihood intervention and job oriented. So after

the training a person has able to do the work in a proper way or income oriented. Realizing the

need for enhancing vocational skills of the rural workforce, GVT has been providing skill up

gradation training program for the unskilled rural workers in collaboration with Govt.,

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Construction Industry Development Council (CIDC), New Delhi and Larsen & Turbo

Ltd. The vocational skill training on Masonry, Carpentry, Plumbing, and Electrical trades were

regularly conducted under the Certification of IGNOU, New Delhi and Larsen & Toubro.

Special Focus:

1. Institutional building, capacity building and diversification of Self Help Groups and

Community Based Organizations.

2. Working for Gender equity and empowerment of rural women through participation inPanchayati Raj Institutions and Group activities.

3. Influencing Government Institutions in Policy making, program execution & capacity

building and rendering favorable support to Self Help Group.

4. To enable poor women to make use of choices, spaces and opportunities in the economic,

social and political spheres for their improved well-being.

Practical Training Session

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CHAPTER 3: [WADI DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM]

3.1Introduction:

Many complexities attached with tribal way of life due their historical, socio-cultural and

geographical situations. Some approach of development being attempted to reduce it but

unfortunately not met with desired success. In this way with the help of Government and NGOs

in different part of country made some demonstrative models of development, Among them the

Wadi approach adopted by an NGO, BAIF Development Research Foundation (BAIF), Pune.

It left a good impact in a short span of time and stands out as sustainable model for replication in

other tribal areas.

WADI (Small Orchard) program introduced during 80s in Vansda District in Gujrat by BAIF

Development Research Foundation, Pune as comprehensive Tribal Development Program. This

program is basically an agriculture based farming system in the rain fed tribal areas envisaged

empowering women through community participation, initiative as processing and marketing of

products. The main focus is on development of small fruit orchard (Wadi), Agriculture

improvement and restoration of waste land through ecological intervention and soil and moisture

conservation measures. NABARD became the nodal agency for the program and has created a

dedicated fund for the project namely Tribal Development Fund (TDF).

WADI in Gujarati means a small orchard covering one or two acres. This may be of mango or

cashew or Amla or any fruit crop suitable to the area or combination of these tree crops, with

forestry species on the periphery of the land holding. Two or more trees crops are selected in the

WADI model to minimize biological and marketing risks.

An one acre model of WADI accommodates around 40 fruit plants and 320 forestry plants. In

five years, a poor village of 100 families gets converted into an orchard of a 100-150 acreproducing hundreds of tones of fruits.

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3.2 Wadi System

The influence of other enterprises of the farmer on the tree-based system is given due recognition

in the Wadi concept. Whereas the interaction among the components in most agro-forestry

systems is in the tree-crop interface, it happens in many different ways in Wadi. For example, the

fodder from the forestry species in the Wadi is used as fodder for livestock and the dung or

farmyard manure is returned to the interspaces where annual crops are grown. Similarly, there is

interaction among the Wadi and non-Wadi land in sharing labor and inputs. Incorporation of

these factors in the design and execution is a major reason for the success of the Wadi

programme. The Wadi system also includes activities such as production of seedlings or grafts in

nurseries and post-harvest handling of processing and marketing of produce.

3.3 Wadi plot:

The Wadi plot has agricultural, horticultural and forestry species in 1.0 acre of land. The

arrangement of these species generally centers on the horticultural component where trees like

Mango, Pomegranate and Amla are planted at spacing 5 x 5 m. As intercrops are grown in the

interspaces of trees, their yield is additional and not at the expense of fruit / nut yield of the

horticultural crops. The third component of the Wadi system is forestry species like

Suable,Sagwan, Teak and Ber. These multipurpose trees are planted at relatively close spacing

along the border of the designated Wadi plot. The shift from the rainfall-dependent single crop toat least three species in the Wadi enhances the ecological sustainability of the farm. At the same

time, the product diversity in the form of food, fodder, fuel wood and small timber increases the

economic sustainability of the farmer.

3.4 Tree based farming:

This is the core land-based intervention for promoting livelihoods of participating families.

Under this component, a ST family develops its one acre of underutilized or waste land into aproductive tree-based farming system.This tree-based system along with other components

generates sustainable income and meet other requirements of the family such as food, fuel wood

and fodder. Cultivation aspects are combined with conservation aspects to ensure sustainability

of the system.

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3.5 Horticulture and kitchen gardening:

Horticulture crops including vegetable crops with track record of suitability for the areas are

raised. In order to reduce biological and market risks, two types of fruit species plan

introduced under the Project. The types of fruit species are determined through feasibility

study. Farmers preferences are also considered before selecting the species.

3.6 Area Selection:

States having predominant tribal population will be considered for the support out of this fund.

Preferences could be given to the districts/blocks/villages where percentage of tribal population

is more than 50%. Priority will be given to the areas in the country which is identified by the

Planning Commission (Annexure 2). The selected area should be large enough so that a viable

cluster, with at least 1000 tribal families, could be covered for benefit under the project for

effective management. However, 10% of these participants could be landless.

Currently Wadi project is running in 14 villages under GVT, Dahod. Villages are followings:

Table 2: Villages under WADI

Matwa Aamli Nandwa Nalwai Jhari Bujurg

Vazilao Ablor Tokiwaju Dadur Vadwa

Nelsur Nadelao Tokianup Minakior

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3.6.1 Total area coverage for Wadi:

Table 3: Area covered

Serial

No. Activity Name

Crop Variety Spacing (m)TotalPlants

Total

area (sq

m)

1 OrchardPomegranate

Ganesha &

Dholka 5x5 11 275

MangoKeshar 10x10 15 1500

Rajapuri 10x10 14 1400

2Border Fencingand boundaries

Fodder andFuel Tree

Multipurposetree

1.5x1.5 320 720

3WaterHarvesting

Structure

5x5 25

4

Nursery and

other activity

Fruits,

Vegetables,flowers etc

Total Area 3920

3.7 Participants:

Small and marginal farmers of ST communities owing not more than 5 acre are eligible to

participate in the program. The supports from the fund are to the extent of development of

maximum one acre per family or equivalent cost. The participating families should be agree to

work together with other families in groups and also provide family labor required for

completion of core activity. Further they should be agreeable adopt the project discipline. The

tribal participants should commit themselves to make periodic, regular contributions to create a

common village fund and to constitute, at the village level, a representative body for managing

the program and maintaining all the valuable assets created and generated by the project.

3.8 Implementation stage:

The project is implemented with cluster approach, with each cluster having around 1000 tribal

families spread over a number of contiguous villages. It should be projected that all eligible

families in the given villages are brought under the project.

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3.9 Number of Plants Required for Wadi in different stages :

Table 4:Plants required

Crops QuantityIst Batch (200

Wadi)

2nd Batch (400

Wadi)

3rd Batch ( 400

wadi)

Mango 29 5800 11600 11600

Pomegranate 11 2200 4400 4400Forestry 320 64000 128000 128000

Total 72000 144000 144000

Mortality

@10%7200 14400 14400

Total 79200 158400 158400

3.10 Success points for project

Clarity about the project:

The project will include other income generating activity such as

horticulture/agriculture/forestry, dairy, micro enterprises etc. Social aspects such as women

empowerment, health development etc have an equal bearing on the overall success of the

program.

Owing the project by the participants:

The project participants should wholeheartedly own the project and contribute for the successful

implementation and maintenance thereafter. Family Labor:

Each participating family is required to contribute entire labor component.

Trained manpower:

It may be ensured that enough trained manpower is available end if necessary suitable orientation

program could be organized to develop such skills.

Active involvement of women:

Women participation should be ensured in all the process of project implementation, as bulk of

the farm related work are carried out by then, besides playing the role of transmitters of culture

and values to the children.

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Seasonality:

The project activities should be undertaken keeping in view the appropriate season.

3.11 Selected Species:

In this regard preference are given for the plantation of fruits plants as per the choice to the

participant member, which was identified through PRA. Plantation of following species are

preferred in the project areas.

1. Fruits : Mango, Pomegranate, Sapota etc

2. Forestry : Sagwan, Teak ,Sisoo, Subabool, Sanjeda etc

3. Fodder: Napier, stylo etc

4. Medicinal: Aswagandha, Amla etc.

Apart from these plants GVT also facilitating the technical knowledge and support to the group

to get the other crop like Vegetables, Pulses, Oilseed, Fodder cultivation and different cash crop

etc. Intercropping like Maize with Ground Nut, Maize with Pulses etc are also promoted to

improve the soil fertility as well as to improve the nutritional value in food. These all activities

will increase the net return from one acre land cultivation.

The project also facilitates the tribal community to undertake different livestock activities as

their situation and capability like poultry and goatry. Training and Exposure are provided to

upgrade their technical skill and capacity. The project also facilitate the group to develop it a

viable unit for enhancement of their family income.

In non-farm based livelihood intervention the project facilitates the process and provide technical

support to the group member to undertake different nonfarm based activates specially local needs

and resource based activities and further diversification and scaling up for higher income. Group

members are exposed to local market and to nearest town for marketing the product either

individually or through group federation.

3.12 Criteria for Species Selection and Yield (Estimated)

While the Wadi of participating farmers will include tree-based farming, horticulture varieties,

forestry species and other food crops, the final selection of species are done after considering the

following criteria:

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Agro climatic conditions of the region

Farmers preference

Marketability of produce

Possibility of value addition

3.13 Source of Plants:

Table 5:source

SerialNo.

Crops Source

1 Mango

1. National Livelihoods Resource Institute (GVT) Ratlam

2.Central Horticulture Experimentation Station (ICAR),

Vejalpur, Gujrat3. Govt. of Gujrat, Horticulture Dept.

4. Private Nurseries

2 Pomegranate

1. National Livelihoods Resource Institute (GVT) Ratlam

2.Central Horticulture Experimentation Station (ICAR),Vejalpur, Gujrat

3. Govt. of Gujrat, Horticulture Dept.

4. Private Nurseries

3 Forestry Above same and Nursery Raising within the village

3.14 Estimated Yield from Wadi:

Table 6:Yield

Year Wise Yield (Kg/Tree)serial

noCrop 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Mango 0 0 0 0 5 10 20 30 40 60

2 Pomegranate 0 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 20 20

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3.15 PROJECT COMPONENTS

Component 1- Soil and Water Conservation:

The soil and water conservation component in the Project helps the ST farmers address threats

to soil, water and related natural resources and make cost-effective changes to cropping systems,

soil & moisture conservation activities including construction of farm ponds, bandhs, watershed

development, grazing management, nutrient management and irrigation. The nature of the

interventions are taken on the terrain and vary for Wadi plots located along undulating

topography with high to medium rainfall, and those plots located in plains

Component 2Irrigation:

The construction of water harvesting structures such as check dams in the catchment area of the

village tanks allow water conservation and silt harvesting in the upper regions of the project area.

While check dams and group wells are the devices to build water storage, the harvesting of this

water requires a distribution and conveyance system. For the group wells and medium and large

size check dams that are proposed under the Project, creation of community Lift Irrigation

scheme for the distribution of water to the fields has been envisaged. The Project also support the

construction of the check dams and also link it to the development of lift irrigation schemes

wherever feasible to improve the productivity of the land. To enhance the water use efficiency,

micro irrigation (MI) systems are promoted for ST farmers, especially those engaged in

horticulture and floriculture.

Component 3 - Agricultural Diversification and Wadi Development

This component seeks to increase the productivity of ST farm lands. Improved crop varieties are

promoted with enhanced productivity and quality. The availability of good quality saplings are

also in priority areas. Agricultural diversification through the Integrated Wadi and Agricultural

Diversification Project is a recent initiative applicable to small plots of land, and has been

beneficial for ST farmers. The initiative, in addition to increasing the income from fruits,

flowers and vegetables in several tribal pockets, also provided food security and reduced the

drudgery of collecting fuel wood and fodder. Overall, after ensuring water security through water

harvesting and lift irrigation, there is considerable potential for agricultural diversification as it

can be implemented effectively with good returns to farmers even in small plots of land. With

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inter cropping and agricultural diversification, it is possible for the farmers to generate cash

income quickly and with less risks.

Component 4: Post Harvest Storage, Processing, Packaging and Marketing

The aim of this component is to bring about improvements in post-harvest handling and

marketing for fewer losses and reduced price fluctuations. Focus on this Project component will

result in better handling, cold chain management, and packaging which will improve the quality

of products when they reach the market. Reducing post-harvest losses would make agricultural

diversification more attractive for small-scale farmers. Since local and regional consumption

usually utilizes majority of the production, upgrading the existing traditional market chains will

also be prioritized.

Component 5Community Participation through Users Groups and Self Help Groups

One of the major conditions for the implementation of the proposed Project is to ensure an

undertaking from the community that it will manage the Project in an independent and collective

manner under user groups. This ensures future operation and maintenance responsibility by the

user group and thus sustainability of the Project. The ownership of the Project by the target

groups are ensured through community participation from planning stage to project

implementation and by transferring the post-project management to the community institutions

set up for the specific purpose. Village level institutions in the form of user groups are formed to

largely focus on equity, efficiency, participation, sustainability and accountability. The project

also get support from the running SHGs of savings and credit activities and capacity building. It

increases the capacity of the groups credit-worthy so that they can access funds from banks and

government schemes for productive purposes. The members of the SHGs are ST poor both men

and women, who are below the poverty line. It provides them financial backup for investment in

Agri-input investment in their crops.

Component 6 - Training and Capacity Building

Under the proposed project, this component is considerably strengthened and include the

capacity building of ST beneficiaries womens and participating official members. The trainings,

exposure visits and demonstrations are the prime training tools that is used for ST farmers. The

major areas where training are given to project participants include agriculture, natural resource

management, capacity building and community-organization related procedures.

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CHAPTER 4: [IMPLEMENTATION]

4.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR WADI PROJECT:Monitoring and Reporting Structure for Wadi Project under GVT, Dahod District Gujarat....

Under Wadi Project total number of farmers are 919. On village ground level different

individual farmers make a Farmers Club and above Farmers Club there is Gramin Vikas Samiti

who supervise the all activities related to Wadi development. Jaankar is responsible for all

activities related to Farmers. Jaankars are under APO (Assistant Program Officer) and above

Farmers Club

Jankar

APO

PO

RPM, Dahod

NABARD

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APO there is PO (Program Officer) . These all are headed by RPO (Regional Program Officer)

and he is responsible for submit the report to NABARD office. Timely supervision of project is

done by NABARD officials including financial as well as physical. The reporting time varies

on level to level.

4.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Diary:

To develop a monitoring system for Wadi project running under GVT, Dahod, under which we

made a farmers diary. Which compiles of different activities like agriculture inputs, awareness

program, exposure visits, produces and visitors comments and remarks. The main purpose of

making this diary is to ensure that Jaankars regularly visit the farmers field or not???. This will

also ensure the suggestions and information given by Jaankar and other field staff to the Wadi

beneficiaries. After visiting the Wadi farm field staffs will make a comment on farmers diary

with signature and date and farmers will make a sign on field staffs diary on same with date and

time. This will ensure the regular monitoring of Wadi with proper direction.

4.3 Findings:

Benefits from the Wadi for farmers.

1. Productive utilization of wasteland for Wadi purpose.

2. Conservation of natural Resource like soil and water.

3. Self Employment creation for rural people.

4. Increase in production of fruits as well as other crops.

5. Reduce in migration rate.

6. Social Status

7. Women Empowerment as well as community development through active participation in

Community Development.

8. Improved health and life style.

9. Promotion of Micro Enterprises for land less people.

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10. Food Security

Though from Wadi, beneficiaries are not getting so much return as program is in implementation

stage the produce starts coming from 5th

year of plantation. Thus, this gap period is very crucial

for farmers, during these period the families under Wadi need some support in the form of

employment to sustain their livelihood and basic needs. For this different activities like nursery

raising, vegetable cultivation and cattle raring (goat, poultry etc..) support are being provided by

GVT. They are advised to take care of Wadi properly so that this will give them a good return

after 4 to 5 years. This help them to do not migrate to urban areas. Other income activities help

them to remain with family and to maintain the Wadi properly. With the help of Wadi they will

get fuel, fruits, fodder and timber in future that will reduce the dependency of forest areas as

forest areas are also reducing. Now the new initiative taken by the GVT to make a group of

vegetables farmers which produce the vegetables and GVT will help them in Marketing. For this

organization will provide them all inputs and technology as well as other requirements.

Wadi plots are maintained by farmers carefully though some Wadi plots which are in first year

need to fencing properly for the safety purpose from animals. Regular and proper guidelines are

required much in initial stage as probability of mortality rate are higher in starting years.

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CHAPTER 5 : [WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM]

5.1 Introduction

A Watershed can be defined as an independent hydrological unit. It is a drainage basin orcatchment area of a particular stream or river. In simple terms, it refers to the entire upstream

topography around a defined drainage channel which feeds water to the lands below. A

watershed may vary from a few hectares to several thousands of hectares.

5.2 Major Problems of the Watershed Area:

Small & Semi medium Land Holdings

Treeless landscape due to large scale deforestation

Excessive runoff and soil erosion.

Poor land use and vegetative cover

Lack of awareness about improved agricultural practices.

Large number of unproductive animals

Reduced productivity of soil and Natural resources.

Drinking water problems due to deep water table.

Large scale migration to urban areas for labor work.

Extremely vulnerable socio-economic conditions of women and poor families due to lack of

access and control over resources.

Lack of credit and market linkage facilities and extension services.

Lack of collective action among community itself.

No perseverance of community Property Resources (CPR).

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5.3 Why watershed a need?

The consequent of environmental degradation are all too well known. Activities of manlike

deforestation, wrong farming techniques ,livestock over-grazing and faulty land use lead to the

destruction of plant and tree cover exposing the earth to the natural forces like heavy rains, direct

sunshine and high winds. These in turn lead to environmental problems such as soil erosion,

floods or water scarcity. Agricultural yield is lowered and this results in decline in the income

levels of the community resulting in poverty and eventually leading to migration of labor from

rural to urban areas in search of livelihood. Watershed development, therefore, involves not only

regeneration of the environment, but also the management of needs of the human community in

such a way that their demands match the resources available like land, water and vegetation

within that particular watershed. This equilibrium between need and availability of resources will

lead to a better and increased resistance to drought and increased agricultural production

augmenting food supply, fodder, fuel and, timber. Thus standard of living improves leading to

reduction in poverty-induced migration. A watershed provides the best environmental unit for

planning a development program.

Watershed development refers to the conservation, regeneration, and the judicious use of human

and natural (like land, water, plants, animals) resources within a particular watershed. Watershed

development attempts to bring about the best possible balance in the environment between

natural resources on one side and man and grazing animals on the other. It requires peoplesparticipation because conservation is possible only through the whole hearted involvement of the

entire community.

5.4 WDP- Gramin Vikas TrustThe Watershed Development Program (WDP) run by Gramin Vikas Trust is under Indo-German

Watershed Development Program funded by NABARD. The watershed projects are run in the areas

where there is low rainfall; water table is comparatively low and are mostly rain-fed areas. These areas

fall in the semi arid rainfall area which generally receives rainfall from southwest monsoon starting from

the middle June to the end of September. The rainfall data collected from meteorological department

estimated average rainfall (10yrs) maximum up to 650mm and minimum up to 290mm. The area is

considered as Rain-fed Farming Area.

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5.5 Selection Criteria for Watershed Development Program

Physical Characteristics: -

a) Dry and drought prone villages, In any case the proportion of irrigated area may not

exceed the average for the state or 30% whichever is lower.

b) Villages with noticeable soil erosion, land degradation, resource depletion of water

scarcity problems.

c) Villages in the upper part of drainage systems

d) The size of a watershed project should be around 1000ha (but not less than 500ha).

e) Well defined watersheds with the village boundaries coinciding to the greatest extent

possible with the watershed boundary. As far as possible, Watershed encompassing one

village is ideal.

Socio-economic characteristics.

a. Predominantly poor villages.

b. High proportion of ST in the total population.

c. There should not be much difference in the size of the land holdings.

d. Villages that have shown concern for resource conservation.

Village Commitment

a) To ban clear felling of trees.

b) To ban free grazing and in treated areas for protecting vegetation.

c) To reduce the livestock population if in excess, and maintain the same at the carrying

capacity of the watershed (number which can be supported by the watershed).

d) To ban cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane and banana or at least not

to increase the area under such crops from the present position,

e) To contribute initially four days of Shramadan on watershed treatment works by the

entire village community and later, once selected for the program to contribute by

way of shramadan

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f) Promote equity for women and poor through preferential allocation of usufruct right

in common lands.

g) To start and contribute a Watershed Maintenance Fund, from the second or third year

onwards to maintain and upgrade the treatments and assets created under the project

at a rate of Rs.100/- per land owning families.

h) To take all such steps as are necessary for achieving and maintaining a sustainable

production system.

i) To constitute, at the village level, a body called the Village Watershed Committee

(VWC) which would have to be registered during the implementation phase within

6monthsof the commencement of the work, so that it can undertake responsibility for

maintenance of all the valuable assets created and generated by the project.

5.6 Physiographic and Drainage for WDP

The topography of the watershed area is undulating to rolling with varying slopes. The slope

ranges from 3 to 10 per cent. Most of the land is having 3 to 7 per cent slope and Nearly 60 per

cent of the area has steep slopes and rest has moderate slope. The area constitutes, composed of

weathered, unconsolidated medium to course grained material having low to moderate slope.

5.7 Necessity for Participatory Approach for the WDPThe Watershed Development Program to be successful must involve the participation of the

concerned people and must be related to the environment in which they live, and on which they

depend for their needs. This involves the following:

It has to be focused n the regeneration and equitable use of the resources in the particular

environment on which the village depends for its needs. A Watershed provides a

naturally occurring hydrological unit and is also the area on which the inhabitants depend

for survival. It thus becomes a common issue drawing the people together, giving rise to a

common interest and fostering a common purpose.

The people voluntarily must come together and accept full responsibility for regenerating

their environment from concept to planning, implementation, supervision, maintenance of

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project measures and associated practices. This would imply consensus in arriving at a

common understanding regarding rules and regulations and the setting up of mechanisms

of organization of works, sharing of benefits and resolution of conflicts.

To make the project sustainable, it is necessary for all the key actors, like the Watershed

Community, NGOS, Banks, Government institutions and Technical Service

Organizations, participate actively and in close coordination with each other.

Participatory watershed development must be implemented on a large enough scale in

different places to create many success stories, each of which can act as nuclei, becoming

a source to inspiration and demonstration for neighboring villages. This would provide a

major impetus for the unfolding of peoples movement for regeneration of

environment.

5.8Purpose for WDP To regenerate the ecological balanced Natural Resources Development, management &

optional utilization.

To create sustainable livelihood opportunities for all.

To increase the employment opportunity at village level.

To increase drinking water, food, fodder & fuel availability.

To overcome the drought situation by employment generation with long term affectivity of

the plan.

To increase the ground water level by harvesting the available water resources for increasing

the agricultural production.

To improve vegetative cover.

To reduce migration and improve the livelihood conditions of people.

To conserve soil and water & increase agricultural productivity of the area.

To increase the cultivable area.

To improve socio-economic status or vulnerable groups of community (emphasis would be

given to women).

To create and strengthen appropriate village institution for the management of natural

resources and promote collective action.

To increase the awareness for managing their livestock in more productive way

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To develop the sustainable linkage of the village institutions with Banks and financial

Institutions.

5.9Formation of Village Watershed Committee (VWC)

The VWC comprises of 11members who are selected among the village people. The committee

consists of secretary, president and team leader from NGOs and one third of the participation

must come from woman. The 8 members are elected among the village people irrespective of

member of village panchayat. The rest 3 members are women. There is also a member from

NGO who works as team leader and looks after all the works of Watershed.

5.10 Activates Involved in Watershed Development Program

Treatment of the whole watershed area with suitable soil and water conservation and

vegetative measures using ridge to valley approach to reduce soil loss and better utilization of

water. There are total 81activities in SWC such as FB, SGP, EGP, and SB etc., 61 in DLT

and 45 activities in well inventory.

Utilization of the land according to its capability to increase its agriculture intensity,

productivity on sustainable basis as explained separately. Promotion of community based organizations for local self-governance & sustainable

development at village level.

Promote the better linkages of local village Institutions with government departments for

extension services & credit linkage with Banks for SHGs and farmers to facilitate the

adoption of better techniques of Agriculture and adoption of non-farm activities.

Promotion of Agricultural activities such agro-forestry, agro-horticulture, grass seeding,

nursery development, crop demonstration, floriculture etc.

Promotion of livestock rearing such as goat rearing, poultry, dairy etc. as alternative sources

of income.

5.11Phases of WDPCapacity Building Phase- The CBP is for one year and consist of following activities: -

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One VWC at watershed level already exists, which include the representative of

Gram Panchayat, women and each hamlet.

Conduct training programs for all the stake holders for effective interventions in

watershed

Conduct village level meeting regularly and discussing the problems, solutions

and planning.

Organizing exposure visits to various successful watershed projects to understand

the concept of watershed, implementation process, impacts, etc

Organizing cultural activities, training programs, to capacitate the community as

per need and requirement as a part of watershed development activities

Implementation of soil and water conservation activities with vegetative measures

in micro watershed area (i.e., Contour Bunding, Continuous Contour Trenching,

Afforestation, Gully plugs, Farm Bunding etc.)

Full Implementation Phase: - The FIP is for 4 years and involves completion of all the

work mentioned in the CBP and Feasibility Study Report (FSR).

CHAPTER 6[ BUSINESS PLAN]

6.1Business Plan:

Business Plan for the WADI/Watershed beneficiaries

The WADI beneficiaries are in 14 villages of District, Dahod. There are 919 WADI beneficiaries

out of which 384 farmers have irrigation facilities and grow vegetables throughout the year. The

farmers grow diverse kind of vegetables such as brinjal, cauliflower, ladys finger, chilly, radish,

bottle gourd, methi, garlic, onion, cabbage, cucumber, beet, tomato, cluster beans etc. The

production of vegetables is large in the areas but the farmers are unable to get appropriate price

in the market. The most of the farmers profit is earned by the middle man. Thus, Gramin Vikas

Trust proposed a model to link farmers directly with the market. The developed business model

has 3 major players- farmers as primary producers, SHG for primary processing of the agro-

produce such as sorting, grading, packaging etc. and Gramin Vikas Trust would provide market

linkage, transportation of agro-produce and handle the overall administration. Gramin Vikas

Trust is also planned to provide agri-inputs excluding seeds under WADI program to farmers and

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would insists farmers with good quality of seeds resistant to pest or requires less pesticide, high

yielding variety, have good quality and uniform production throughout the season. The proposed

model has been selected for 350 farmers which will be given okra and cluster bean. The farmers

would be asked to buy seeds of particular variety and fertilizer and pesticides would be provided

from GVT under WADI development program.

The area under cultivation would be 284 acres out 350acres excluding area for mango and

pomegranate i.e. the thala area of 1*1 sq m. The farmers would be recommended to buy high

yielding variety seeds of okra and cluster beans. The capable farmers who can buy seeds of their

own can buy the recommended seeds and the farmers who dont have enough money to buy seed

should take loan from their respective SHGs. The SHG would provide loan to farmers. The

Gramin Vikas Trust and SHG in association would work and provide appropriate price and help

in providing market linkage. Gramin Vikas Trust will also ensure BUY BACK GURANTEE

to farmers.

The fund provided by NABARD would utilized in providing agri-inputs and establishing

collection centre, purchasing weighing machine, crates, packaging materials, stationeries and

bearing the administration cost for the whole business setup. The profit earned by the SHG

would be used in wages of the workers and bearing administration cost of the collection centre.

The benefits that can be harvested from such business model are as followed: -

a) Farmers would be able to get market linkage for their agro-produce.

b) Appropriate price

c) Transportation cost reduced

d) Large margin of profit earned

e) Fertility of the soil maintained as alternate growing of crops leguminous and non-

leguminous

f) SHG able to provide employment to the farmers

g) Reduction in migration

h) Increase in social capital and economical status of farmers.

The overall project cost would be Rs. 99, 91,900 (including fixed cost). The overall production

of okra and cluster beans assuming that 120 farmers/day would be providing on regular basis in

two seasons would be 88.6927mt. The overall sales for two seasons would be Rs. 11431090. The

overall profit earned would be Rs. 1439190.

The investment per farmer for two seasons would approx. Rs.36400. The production per farmer

in two seasons of okra and cluster beans would be 2054kg and 1642kg respectively. The selling

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price per kg for okra and cluster beans is Rs 10 and Rs 12 respectively. The overall sells for both

would be Rs 20540 and Rs 19704. The net profit earned in a year would be Rs 3844.

6.2FLOW CHART OF BUSINESS MOEDL

Overall Flow Chart of the Business model

Production of vegetables (Farmers)

Collection Centre by SHG members (collection, sorting, grading, washing, packaging, loading)

Dahod (if required for assembly)

Trading by GVT (Mumbai/Surat)

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6.3DAIRLY AVTIVITIES

Early Morning

Morning

Afternoon

Evening

A Day Activity by the Farmers, SHGs and GVT

Price Discovery at Mandi by Gvt. Member/ Jankar/ SHG

Revelation of price to Jankar at village level

Harvesting of the crop

Transportation of Vegetables to collection

Primary Processing at Collection centre by SHG members (sorting, grading, packaging, loading)

Maintenance of record of the amount, quality and grades

Final dispatch of the produce to the respective markets

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6.4TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PLAN

Particulars Unit No.

Farmers 350

Total Acre acre 350

1 acre (sq.m) 4000

Total sq.m 1400000

Distance between wadi plants (in m) m 1

Total WADI plants 40

Length of area for cultivation m 90

Width of area m 36

Area in WADI plants (40/100) m 760

For 350 farmers sq.m 266000

Area for cultivation of crops sq.m 1134000

Area for cultivation of crops in acre acre 284

Percent for cutivation Okra (50%) % 0.5

Percent for cutivation of Cluster beans (50%) % 0.5

Total acre for okra acre 142

Total acre for beans acre 142

Area for cultivation / farmer acre 0.81

Okra seed cost Rs/Kg 1800

Cluster Bean cost Rs/Kg 300

Seeds both Okra/cluster bean Required kg/acre 6Seed Required for 0.81 acre both okra and cluster beans/farmer Rs 4.86

Cost of Okra Rs 8748

Cost of cluster beans Rs 1458

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Cost of Okra seed required for cultivation of 175 acre land kg 1530900

Cost of Bean seed required for cultivation of 175 acre land Kg 255150

Total cost of seeds for 1 phase Rs 1786050

Yield of okra Q/acre 25

Total overall exected production of Okra Q 3544

Yield of Cluster beans Q/acre 20

Total overall expected production of Cluster Bean Q 2835

Total Production Q 6379

- Technical analysis of Business Model

6.5ASSUMPTIONS-

Assumption

Particulars Unit No

Collection Centre 4

Weighing Balance (capacities 300kg) 4

Cost of 1 electronic balance Rs 5000

Total Cost Rs 20000

Crates (capacities 40kg)crates/cc 50

Cost of 1 crates Rs 420

Total cost of Crates Rs 21000

Stationary expenses Rs/Centre 2000

Total stationary expense For 4 collection centres Rs 8000

Electricity Consumption / CC/ month Rs 400

Total Cost for electricity for 4 CC Rs 1600

Electricity Bill for 8months Rs 12800

No. of Labor employed at each collection centre 3

Wage Rs 3000

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Total no. of labor Rs 12

Total wage for 4 centres/month Rs 36000

Total wage for 8months Rs 288000

Collection Centre Rent/month Rs 2000

Total Room rent for 4 centres Rs 8000

Rent for the 12 months Rs 96000

Other Expenses for 12months Rs 5000

Total Expenses for 4 centres Rs 20000

Cost of agri-inputs excluding seed/acre Rs 5000

Cost of agri-inputs 350 farmers Rs 1750000

Transportation Cost(10 tonnes) Rs 11000

Total cost of transport for 210 days Rs 2310000

: Assumptions for technical analysis.

6.6OVERALL PROJECT COST

Particulars Unit Amount

Fixed Cost

Electronic Balance Rs 20000

Plastic Crates Rs 21000

Room Rent Rs 96000

Stationary Cost Rs 8000

Other Miscellaneous Expenses Rs 20000

Total Rs 165000

Variable Cost

Seed Cost of Okra/cluster beans (2phase) Rs 3572100

Cost of Agro-inputs Rs 3500000

Electricity Bill Rs 12800

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Transportation Cost Rs 2310000

Wages Rs 432000

Total Rs 9826900

Grand Total Rs 9991900

Table 3: - Project cost

6.7PRODUCTION SHEET OF OKRA AND CLUSTER BEANS FOR TWO SEASONS

ASSUMPTIONS

Assumption Unit No. Months Days

Initially No.of days 15 Jan 31

Farmers 120 Feb 28

Total Okra/cluster bean producers 175 Mar 31

Estimated of okra in one season kg/acre 2500 Apr 30

Estimated of Cluster bean in one season kg/acre 2000 May 31

Area for cultivation for okra and clusterbean acre 0.81 Jun 30

Okra from 0.81acre Kg 2025 Jul 31

Aug 31

Harvesting Days for okra 105 Sept 30

Avg.production/ day Kg 19.29 Oct 31

Cluster Bean from 0.81acre Kg 1620 Nov 30

Dec 31

Harvesting Days for Cluster beans 75

Avg.production/ day Kg 21.60

Total Okra production in a day kg/day 2314.3

Total cluster beans production in a day kg/day 2592.0

Grand total Production kg/day 4906.3

: - Assumptions for Production and No. of Days in a month

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6.8PRODUCTION

Production Sheet

PARTICULARS(1st

Phase)

SOWING

PERIOD HARVESTING PERIOD TOTAL

Okra 1Feb-14Mar15 Mar-31Mar

1Apr-30Apr 1May-31May 1Jun-30jun

34714 69429 71743 69429 245314

Cluster Bean 1Jul-15Aug16Aug-31Aug

1Sept-30Sept 1Oct-31Oct

38880 77760 80352 196992

2nd Phase

Sowing Period HARVESTING PERIOD Total

Cluster Beans 1Feb-14Mar15Mar-31Mar

1Apr-30Apr

1May-31May

38880 77760 80352 196992

Okra 1Jun-15Jul 15Jul-31Jul1Aug-31Aug

1Sept-30Sept

1oct-31oct

34714 71743 69429 71743 247629

Total Prod of

Okra(Kg) 492943

Total Prod of

Cluster bean(Kg) 393984

Grand Total 886927

Sheet for 2 seasons

6.9SALES OF OKRA AND CLUSTER BEANS

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Avg. Selling Price of Okra Rs/kg 12

Avg. S.P of Cluster bean Rs/kg 14

Total Sales of Okra Rs 5915314

Total Sales of cluster bean Rs 5515776

Grand Total Rs 11431090 16330.12898

Profit Rs 1439190 2055.986122

Sales

6.10FARMERS EXPENSE SHEET (2 SEASONS)

Farmers Sheet

Particulars Unit No.

Cost of okra seed Rs 17496

Cost of cluster bean seed Rs 2916

Agri-input cost excluding seed Rs 10000

Miscellaneous Expense(including labor cost) Rs 6000

Total 36412

Farmers expense for 2 season

6.11TRANSPORTATION COST

Particulars Unit Distance

Dahod to Surat km 320

Dahod to Mumbai km 615

Truck 6 wheeler capacity tonnes 7

Truck 10 wheeler capacity tonnes 11

Truck (6 wheeler) to Surat/trip Rs 7000

Truck (10 wheeler) to Surat/trip Rs 9000

Truck (6 wheeler) to Mumbai market/trip Rs 10000

Truck (10 wheeler) to Mumbai Market/trip Rs 12000

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CHAPTER 7 [ CONCLUSION]

Though from Wadi and Watershed beneficiaries are not getting so much return as program is in

implementation stage the produce starts coming from 5th year of plantation. Thus, this gap period

is very crucial for farmers, during these period the families under Wadi need some support in

the form of employment to sustain their livelihood and basic needs. For this different activities

like nursery raising, vegetable cultivation and cattle raring (goat, poultry etc..) support are being

provided by GVT. They are advised to take care of Wadi properly so that this will give them a

good return after 4 to 5 years. This help them to do not migrate to urban areas. Other income

activities help them to remain with family and to maintain the Wadi properly.

With the help of Wadi they will get fuel, fruits, fodder and timber in future that will reduce the

dependency of forest areas as forest areas are also reducing. Now the new initiative taken by the

GVT to make a group of vegetables farmers which produce the vegetables and GVT will help

them in Marketing. For this organization will provide them all inputs and technology as well asother requirements.Wadi plots are maintained by farmers carefully though some Wadi plots

which are in first year need to fencing properly for the safety purpose from animals. Regular

and proper guidelines are required much in initial stage as probability of mortality rate are higher

in starting years.

CHAPTER 8 [ANNEXURE]1. Monitoring diary and cover pages of Wadi

2. Monitoring diary and cover pages of Watershed.