Multi-RAT Heterogeneous Networks

Presenter: S. Vasudevan, Technical Manager, Advanced Technology Standards

2 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

What are Multi-RAT Heterogeneous Networks

Integrated Networks supporting a range of cell sizes and backhaul solutions that allow for seamless interworking between multiple radio access technologies and are operated using novel scalable self-organizing and self-optimizing techniques

• cell sizes include macro, micro, pico, and femto

• backhaul solutions include existing carrier-grade backhaul, commercial grade wired backhaul, DSL, Cable, in-band wireless backhaul, i.e. relays, and out-of-band wireless backhaul

• radio access technologies include 2G onwards + WiFi and other unlicensed technologies where coupled with LTE/LTE-A radio access networks

• self-organizing and self-optimizing techniques apply e2e and include those for RAN and CORE

Such networks allow for

• Seamless mobility

• Leveraging of Common Network Assets especially in the CORE

• Common architecture and infrastructure for service delivery across the entire network

• Unconstrained radio evolution to meet changing subscriber needs

A good example is CDMA networks evolving to LTE via eHRPD

3 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

eHRPD - Not Just a Bridge to LTE – Not just voice

Embrace the Web

Extend Communication Offers to PCs Bring IMS Services to Mobiles

Today – Voice Centric Svc

Applications Enablement: Enables 1xEV-DO to go beyond conversational services and offer converged multimedia, messaging & web services

4 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

LTE HotZone

Strategic LTE

In-bldg

Enabling Seamless Mobility - 1

CDMA/LTE Seamless Mobility will be critical for a successful LTE deployment

– LTE technology deployment will target high data traffic areas first

– Users will continue to demand uninterrupted coverage

– Interworking LTE with eHRPD (EV-DO) data and 1X voice maximizes ROI on all assets

eHRPD is required for seamless IP mobility between EV-DO and LTE:Standalone eHRPD enables mobile enterprise VPN services & “always on” user services in

advance of LTE migration

LTE Urban build-out

EV-DO UmbrellaNetwork

5 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Enabling Seamless Mobility: Leveraging the LTE Air Interface for Hand-down to eHRPD

E-UTRAN broadcasts pre-registration zone indication and CDMA system timeAllows a UE to pre-register on HRPD and maintain the HRPD session via an inter-RAT tunnelSupports a UE in quickly acquiring the CDMA pilot and CDMA system timing

LTE HotZone

Strategic LTE

In-bldg

LTE Urban build-out

eHRPD UmbrellaNetwork

MMEeRNC

Pre-registration zone

6 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Seamless Mobility: Pre-registration and Pre-registered Session Maintenance

Subnet 1 pre-

registion zone

Subnet 2

HRPD CoverageLTE Coverage

pre-registration zone. Pre-registration zone code =

HRPD color code

Pre-registration triggering

Boundaries

Subnet 1

Subnet 2 pre-

registion zone

A

B

C

D

A: Pre-registration to subnet 2

B: No activity.

C: Pre-registration to subnet 1. (Triggered session transfer from subnet 2 to subnet 1)

D: No activity.

A mobile travels along the

border area

The mobile’s pre-registration activities:

HRPD Subnet border era

identified by Secondary color codes

LTE/HRPD coverage boundary

7 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Seamless Mobility: Idle Hand Up from eHRPD to LTE

Global HRPD Coverage

LTE + HRPD Overlapped Coverage

HRPD Coverage HoleLTE coverage only

LTE Coverage Border Indication Triggers LTE to

HRPD Re-selection

HRPD Coverage Border Indication enables HRPD to

LTE soft Re-direction

Spatial Hysteresis

LTE LTE + HRPD HRPD

HRPD Traffic

LTE Traffic

HRPD Traffic

HRPD TrafficLTE Traffic

HRPD to LTE reselection

triggering border

LTE to HRPD reselection

triggering border

8 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

High Level eHRPD Network

BTS

eRNC PDN-GWeHRPD

AT

HSGW

EAP AKA’

3GPP2 AAA

A10/A11 S2a

BTS

RNC HAPDSNA10/A11HRPD

AT

HRPD AT

HRPD

eHRPDInternetIntranet

IMS

3GPP AAA/HSS

STa

3GPP2 AAA

A12

A10/A11

9 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1xEV-DO

(HRPD)

3GPP2

LTE

3GPP

IMSIMS

Core Network Integration: Hierarchical 1xEV-DO and A Flatter, All IP RAN and Core for LTE

eNode B

IP channel

Packet Switched Core

IP channel

PDSN

BSC / RNC

AAA

HSS/ SPRPCRF

Potential SW upgrade on

existing equipment

Legacy EV-DO AT

LTE AT

VPN

HA

Internet / IntranetInternet / Intranet

MME

SGW PDN

GW

eHRPD

eBTSeHRPD AT eRNC HS GW

BTS

Evolved Packet Core

10 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1xEV-DO

(HRPD)

3GPP2

IMSIMS

Service Enablement: Integrating eHRPD RAN with Converged ServiceControl Core

Packet Switched Core

IP channel

PDSN

BSC / RNC

AAA

Potential SW upgrade on

existing equipment

Legacy EV-DO AT

VPN

HA

Internet / IntranetInternet / Intranet

eHRPD

eBTSeHRPD AT eRNC HS GW

BTS

HSS/SPR

SPR (Subscriber Profile Repository)• Pre-emption Priority• QoS Class identifiers• Guaranteed bandwidth (GBR) • Max Bit rates• Charging related information;• Subscriber category

PDN

GW

PCEF Policy & Charging Rules Function• Subscriber Identifier• IP address of the UE• IP-CAN bearer attributes• Request type (initial, modification, etc.)• Type of IP-CAN (e.g.HPRD, I-WLAN, etc.)• Location of the subscriber• PDN & PLMN ID• IP-CAN bearer establishment/modification

A policy management entity that provides dynamic control of QoS, gating & charging policies for the EPS bearers at the SDF level

• Determines how SDF’s should be treated by the PCEF (HS-GW & PDN-GW)

AF

OCS Online Charging SystemOFCS Offline Charging System

OFCSOCS

PCRF

AF (Application Function)• Subscriber Identifier• IP address of the UE• Media type and format• Flow description• Application identifier• Application Event Identifier• Priority • Emergency

11 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Radio Evolution

Upgrade to HRPD Rev B while maintaining all IWK capabilities with LTE

Add software features from HRPD Rev C in a way that is transparent to the other radio accesses, for ex: to increase performance at cell edge

Multi-streaming is a promising technology with performance that can improve even further with interference cancellation enabled mobile receivers

Scheduler 1

RNC

Parse Incoming Data Stream for UserFlow Control based on Outflow

BS 1 BS 2

Scheduler 2Priority metric for

handoff users: each scheduler uses

combined throughput (at BS 1 + BS 2)

Throughput (sector 1) calculated from mobile feedback

Throughput (sector 2) calculated from mobile feedback

12 | 12) CDG | Oct 2009 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

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