Murray Burke Information Exploitation Office DARPA Agent Markup Language November 2001 Enabling...

Murray BurkeInformation Exploitation Office

DARPA Agent Markup DARPA Agent Markup LanguageLanguage

November 2001November 2001

Enabling “agent” communication at a Web-wide scale.

DAML Review_Nov 2001 p 2

Global Command Support System JOPES 2000 Advanced Course Of Action ACTD CINC21 Joint Center for Lessons Learned

Center for Army Lessons Learned Warrior Knowledge Network Web Mapping Testbed

Expeditionary Sensor Grid Task Force Web Navy Lessons Learned System Navy Warfare On-Line Library

Joint Battlespace Infosphere Theater Battle Management Core

System BroadSword Air Mobility Command GDSS

Air – Ground Combat System Distance Learning Network Logistics Bases Inventory Visibility Items Applications On-Line Master Header Information On-Line

Intelink Joint Intelligence Virtual Architecture Horus Crypto Analysis Web NIMA Geospatial Engine

Military Systems areMilitary Systems are Moving to the Web Moving to the Web

Joint Global Command & Control System

Marines Intelligence CommunityNavy

Army Air Force


Web LimitationsWeb Limitations

Doubles in sizeevery six months

Average WWW searches examine only about 25% of

potentially relevant sites

Web searches return a lot of unwanted information

Information on web is not suitable for software agents

Problems grow worse as Web continues to grow

World Wide WebIntelink-SIntelink


The Evolution of the WebThe Evolution of the Web

Formatted for humans to read via web browsers

Formatted for machine readability but with very limited semantics

World Wide Web

Intelligence Analysis and Production Military Planning and Operations Software C4ISR Agents Sensor Fusion

Semantic WebMachine readability with very rich semantics to support agents for:

DAML

XML

HTML

DAML is building the language and tools to realize the bold vision of the Semantic Web


HTML

100%

50%

0%

XML

DAML

2000 2005 2010

Web Migration to New TechnologyWeb Migration to New Technology

“Fifty percent of the content on the Web will be in XML format by the end of 2003” ……….Gartner Group

“In 30 years e-commerce will have become second nature. Lifelike, intelligent virtual assistants will be performing most routine transactions and simple negotiations electronically on our behalf. More technological change will have taken place in that period than during the entire twentieth century, and the curve will continue to steepen exponentially into the foreseeable future.” Ray Kurzweil


“Make preparations to capture Bagram air base.”

The Bold Vision – DistributedThe Bold Vision – DistributedAgents on the Semantic WebAgents on the Semantic Web

Get Weather Info

Determine Force Mix

Provide Intelligence Update

Coordinate Transportation

Select Targets

Order Supplies


Query TodayQuery Today

The answer may be somewhere in this

list of URLs

WWW Hotbot

What is Al Qaeda?


What is Al Qaeda?

Membership Locations Structure Finances Tactics Other terrorist organizations

Semantic QuerySemantic Query

A terrorist organization

Would you like additional information on?


What’s Hard?What’s Hard?

Scale Scope and Lack of Consistency in Global C2I Networks

Diversity: Ontologies and Ontology Mapping

Markup Simplicity: Automatically Derived Markup

Constrained Logic

Enabling Software Agents to Locate and Use Appropriate Services: Services description language

Infrastructure: Yellow Pages, Brokers, Mediaters

Trust: Logical Proofs


1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1998 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003

BoochRumbaugh Odell

RationalRose

ParadigmPlus

Dozens of application design languages Dozens of knowledge representation languages

One modeling language

Loom

KIF

KREME

KEE

RDF

PrecedentsPrecedents

OMG

UML

One Web KR language

DARPA / W3C

DAML


Semantic Web WWW NIPRNET INTELINK-S INTELINK

Language to describe information

Tools for users and developers

Transition activities

DAML

DAML FoundationDAML Foundation


Developing the LanguageDeveloping the Language

Formal Logics Knowledge Representation Reasoning

Formal Logics Knowledge Representation Reasoning

US – EUDAML JointCommittee

US – EUDAML JointCommittee

DAML + OILDAML + OIL

WWWEnvironment

LocalEnvironments

EuropeanOIL Community

EuropeanOIL Community

DARPADARPA DAMLDAML

AI Community

WebOntWG

HTML XML RDF

W3C

WebStandards

WebStandards


Example OntologyExample Ontology

These ontologies accessed at remote locations

These ontologies accessed at remote locations


<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ISO-8859-1'?><!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [

<!ENTITY rdf 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'>

<!ENTITY countries-ont 'http://www.daml.org/2001/09/countries/iso-3166-ont#'>

<!ENTITY cities-ont 'http://www.daml.ri.cmu.edu/ont/City.daml#'>]<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf ="&rdf;" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:daml="http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil#"

<daml:Ontology rdf:about=""> <daml:versionInfo>$Id: map-ont.daml,v 1.2 2001/06/16 13:44:29 mdean Exp $</daml:versionInfo> <rdfs:comment>Map Overlay Ontology</rdfs:comment></daml:Ontology>

<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="TerroristEvent"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <daml:Restriction> <daml:onProperty rdf:resource="#name"/> <daml:toClass rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#string"/> <daml:maxCardinality>1</daml:maxCardinality> </daml:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf> <rdfs:subClassOf> <daml:Restriction> <daml:onProperty rdf:resource="#location"/> <daml:toClass rdf:resource="#Location"/> <daml:maxCardinality>1</daml:maxCardinality> </daml:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf>

<rdfs:subClassOf> <daml:Restriction> <daml:onProperty rdf:resource="#date"/> <daml:toClass rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#date"/> <daml:maxCardinality>1</daml:maxCardinality> </daml:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf></rdfs:Class>

rdfs:Class rdf:ID="Terrorist"><rdfs:subClassOf> <daml:Restriction><daml:onProperty rdf:resource="#name"/><daml:toClass rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema#string"/></daml:Restriction></rdfs:subClassOf><rdfs:subClassOf> <daml:Restriction><daml:onProperty rdf:resource="#citizenOf"/> <daml:toClass rdf:resource="&countries-ont;Country"/> </daml:Restriction></rdfs:subClassOf><rdfs:subClassOf><daml:Restriction><daml:onProperty rdf:resource="#residesIn"/><daml:toClass rdf:resource="&countries-ont;Country"/> </daml:Restriction></rdfs:subClassOf></rdfs:Class>

DAML Example (Markup)DAML Example (Markup)


<daml:Class rdf:ID=“Bin Laden">

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#terrorist"/>

</daml:Class>

<daml:Class rdf:ID=“Bin Laden">

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#terrorist"/>

</daml:Class>

Implies

Agent-Based InferencingAgent-Based Inferencing

If x is Bin Laden, he must be a terrorist

If x is a terrorist, then he may or may not be Bin Laden

If x is not a terrorist, then he is not Bin Laden

If x is not Bin Laden, he may or may not be a terrorist


provides

prese

ntssupportsd

escribed

ByWhat the service does

How it works

How to access it

DAML Services OntologyDAML Services Ontology

ServiceResources

Service Profile

Service Model

Service Grounding


Developing the ToolsDeveloping the Tools

Semantic Web Developer and User Tools

Operational Prototype Tools

Import

ParserInference

Validation/Analysis

Search/Query

Edit

Transform

Browser

APIs ReportGenerator Get Weather Info

Determine Force Mix

Provide Intelligence Update

Coordinate Transportation

Select Targets

Order Supplies

Visualize/View


Language & Tools TransitionLanguage & Tools Transition

DAMLLanguage

Specification

W3CWebOntStandard

DAMLPrototype

Tools

Near-termC2I

Applications

CommercialTools

Longer-termMilitary & Commercial

Applications

Fee

db

ack

Lo

op

Fee

db

ack

Lo

op


DAML Language StrategyDAML Language Strategy

Ontology

Logic

Proof

Trust

W3CStandardization

Formal Semantic Underpinnings

•Model-Based

•Axiom-Based


Transition ProcessTransition Process

DAML

(Identify Requirements)

Intelink Management Office: Horus Navy: Expeditionary Sensor Grid Air Force: Foreign Clearance Guide Army: Center for Lessons Learned Army: Warrior Knowledge Network TRANSCOM: Global Transportation Network Air Force: Joint Battlespace Infosphere Navy: Task Force Web

DoD Projects

DAMLSemantic Web for

Military UsersConferences

Focal Point for Military Early Adopters•60 Attendees at First Conference•100 Expected at 2nd Conference on 13-14 Nov


HorusHorus

Other HorusEnabled Sites...

Other HorusEnabled Sites...

Site User(Consumer)Site User

(Consumer)

Horus Subject Area KB

Horus Subject Area KB

Intelink MarkupTools in Horus

Toolkit

User Doing Markup

Intelink MarkupTools in Horus

Toolkit

User Doing Markup

Horus

Enabled

Intelink Site

Horus

Enabled

Intelink Site

External DBs

Structured

Access Tools in

Horus Toolkit

External DBs

Structured

Access Tools in

Horus Toolkit

Site Developer

Intelink Site

Building Tools in

Horus Toolkit

Site Developer

Intelink Site

Building Tools in

Horus Toolkit

Ontology Developer

OntologyBuilding & Maint.Tools in Horus

Toolkit

An ontology is a collection of terms and their interrelationships.

Ontology Developer


Toolkit

Ontology Developer


Toolkit

An ontology is a collection of terms and their interrelationships.IMO paid half in FY 00, FY 01 and FY02

~ $1.5M each yearIMO paid half in FY 00, FY 01 and FY02

~ $1.5M each year


Intelink TransitionIntelink Transition

Intelink has 150K users and expects 400K users by end of 2002 A controlled testbed, effectively a microcosm of the WWW

A quick military transition of emerging DAML technologies

Quotes from Intelink Management Office (IMO) Conference “Terrific New Alliance With DARPA”

“IMO Has Linked to DARPA’s DAML Program

Tim Berners-Lee, Ralph Swick etc (The “A” team)” “Large Opportunity For Web Technologies

Many Models On Internet Many We Can Develop With DARPA”


DAML LAB @ DARPA TIC

Internet

www.daml.orgwww.daml.net

PKI

Mail Lists Web Server Software Repository Ontology Library HotDAML Newsletters Scientific American Article

18 DAML Research Teams

Lots of Interest From the Rest of the World(Almost Two Million Hits)

Getting the Word OutGetting the Word Out


DAMLTools

DAMLLanguage

DAML Research Team

DAMLIntegrated

Demonstration&

Experiment

Releases inMay and September

HorusHorus

ESGESG

OtherOther

Metrics

DAML in 2002DAML in 2002

Feedback


Internet for demoBut could be SIPRNET

for real application

SemanticWeb

Planner

OntologyEditingTool(s)

Air ForceLessonsLearnedSystem

Air ForceLessons Learned

Markup

DAMLAir Force

Plan Markup

.NET

.ASPServer & DAML

Query & InferenceEngine

Creates / AccessesDAML

ontologies & contentComplex querying

and inferencingabout plan information

AgentsMilitary

or DoD User

Web Browser

UnifyingOntology

(GEOLOC)

LegacyDataBases

WeatherOntology

WeatherWebSite

WeatherWebSite

WeatherWebSite

Actual DAMLontologies & content

Provides supportto military

user via his/herWeb Browser

Acts as proxiesfor senior military

users to dobackground tasks

DAML DEMONSTRATION AND EXPERIMENT CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS

DAMLForeign

Clearance Guide Markup

JointBattlespaceInfosphere

(JBI)

AT2000

NavyExpeditionary

SensorGrid

TransitionPrograms

RapidKnowledgeFormation

(translation)

DAMLCIA Fact Book

Markup

DAML

DAML

DAMLDAML


Millions of NodesMillions of OntologiesMillions of DBs Millions of Agents



Millions of Nodes Millions of Ontologies Millions of Data Bases Millions of Agents

Active on the Semanic Web

Vision

1 Node1 Ontology3 Data Base 0 Agents

Now

2002 Experiment

3-4 Nodes4 Ontologies3-5 Data Bases 1 Agents

6 Months

4-5 Nodes6-8 Ontologies5-7 Data Bases 3-5 Agents

12 Months

MetricsMetrics

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Murray Burke Information Exploitation Office DARPA Agent Markup Language November 2001 Enabling...

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