of 21
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
1/21
Music Education in
the 17th and 18th
Centuries
The Enlightenment and the Age of
Reason
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
2/21
What was going on!
A revolt of the spirit
Against – religions, the church,
metaphysics, formality, privilege For – natural morality, common sense,
individual freedom, equal rights, universal
education
Practical knowledge vs. supernatural dogmaThe Industrial Revolution
Rise of the Middle Class
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
3/21
Four aspects of life & thought
Cosmopolitan Age
Humanitarian Age
Popularization of Art and Literature
Prosaic Age
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
4/21
Cosmopolitan Age
German kings were in charge of
England,
Spanish king on the throne of ItalyPerson in charge of a country may
not have been from that country
Age of sharing of informationincluding music
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
5/21
Humanitarian Age
Attempts at social reform to keep
the middle class happy, didn’t dowell in Education
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
6/21
Popularization of Art and
LiteratureRise of public concerts
1725 in Paris
1771 in Vienna
The amateur musician bought
music
Rise in amateur musicians
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
7/21
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
8/21
Religious “ism” that arose
Deism - religion gives credenceto a God, but not to a particular
sec. (Jefferson was one)
God should be worshiped but
on an individual level
Natural morality, God created
then he took a rest forever
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
9/21
Religious “ism” that arose
Pietism - reaction againstreformation
German movement (Bach in laterlife)
cause of rise in German nationalism
renewed emphasis in biblicalteaching
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
10/21
Important Educators
John Amos Comenius (1592-1670)
John Locke (1632-1704)
Jean Jacque Rousseau (1712-1778)
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
11/21
John Amos Comenius
He wrote The Great Didactic (1632)
His philosophy of Education
Teach in vernacularNot focused on religion
Seek and find teaching method
Teach less and learn more guided
by piety, morality and learningPan sophism - learn everything
possible - all men can acquire all
human knowledge.
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
12/21
John Amos Comenius
His fundamentals of learning
Basics mean go from the simple to
complex Leaning should be sequenced
Maturational readiness
Process of learning grows out of
human development Learn facts first, then the knowledge
of general principles
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
13/21
John Amos Comenius
Stages of learning for each stage of learning thereshould be a structure of learning
Infancy - the mother
Childhood - vernacular or elementary school
(compulsory age 6-12) 3r’s history, religion andmusic
Boyhood/girlhood - Latin school/Gymnasium (ages12-18 not compulsory) usually in big towns addedLatin, Greek, Hebrew, History, Religion, and Music
At the end of this level, they were tested to see
if further schooling was warranted Youth - University (18+ located in larger industrial
area) Learn everything you possibly can
This was called the educational latter
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
14/21
John Amos Comenius
learning should match the age
each grade in their separate rooms
balance of recitation, instructionand recreation
What you give the student should
be what they can handle
isolate what is learned specifically
Cross curricular learning
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
15/21
John Amos Comenius
His methods
The process should be a happy thing
Firm not cruel
Conduct ed without blows, rigor or compulsion
Learning is speedy when it is pleasant andthorough
Teacher determines whether the student learns ornot
Leaning is more meaningful if the students actively
manipulate it We learn by doing
Education should be tailored to the individuallearner
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
16/21
John Locke (1632-1704)
Founder of empirical realism
All ideas come from the external world throughsensations and perceptions
You learn through experience
Ideas
All men are created equal
Live, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Tricameral government - legislative, judicial, and
executive branch Majority rules
Rights are protected by the state and notrestricted
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
17/21
John Locke
Aims of education Not as universal as Comenius
Interested in the education of the Englishgentlemen
Proper way of doing things Social learning that was done in American public
schools
Education was to foster virtue
Punishment should be applied so students learnand geared to individual child
Not a friend of music Music is not worth suffering the learning
It waste time to get a moderate skill
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
18/21
John Locke
Major contributions
Empiricism - doctrine that holds all knowledge
is gained through senses
“essay concerning human understanding”
1689
You learn from experience
Tabla Rasa - blank slate concept
Emphasis on the role of the senses so muchthat the difference between a dunce and a
genius is the changed by education the earlier
the better
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
19/21
Jean Jacque Rousseau (1712-
1778) He was in 1762 - he wrote “The theory of social
contract” and “Emile”
Social contract was the ignition point of the FrenchRevolution
He explained why a government deserved the rightto rule by providing protection and services, inexchange for a reduction of personal rights andtaxes
But, if the government was corrupt, the people hadthe right to revolt
“Emile” speaks on how a child should be raised
He is brought up in a way that is not corrupt, he isisolated from society until he can deal with society
It is a social living trestle
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
20/21
Jean Jacque Rousseau
He proposes a stages theory of children becamethe first advocate of child psychology
Children are different and needs
He influenced Piaget Stages
Age 0-5 - bent to gaining control of the body
Age 5-12 - a child uses senses to explore the worldaround as they come in contact with it
Teacher must resist explaining
Age 12-15 - capacity to reason becomes fullypresent
Age 15-20 - ability to consider humans feelings anda loss of egocentrism
8/13/2019 Music Education in the 17th and 18th2
21/21
To take test, click on
link
Music Education in the 17th & 18th
test.doc
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Music%20Education%20in%20the%2017th%20&%2018th%20test.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Music%20Education%20in%20the%2017th%20&%2018th%20test.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Music%20Education%20in%20the%2017th%20&%2018th%20test.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Music%20Education%20in%20the%2017th%20&%2018th%20test.doc
