Muslims Had an Advanced CivilizationMuslims Had an Advanced Civilization The caliph was at first

elected, but later became a hereditary position.

The Muslim empire broke up into three caliphates, Cairo, Baghdad, and Cordova.

The Arabs traded throughout Asia, Africa and parts of Europe.

The Muslim Economy and SocietyThe Muslim Economy and Society The Muslim Empire produced silk,

cotton, and linen textiles. Jewelry, perfumes, spices, objects made

of gold, silver, and copper. Swords from Damascus and Toledo.

Pottery, glassware and the finest leather goods from Cordova and Tangier.

In the Muslim family the father was the head of the family. Women had to obey and marriages were arranged by parents.

Muslim Society Muslim Society The Groom gave his bride a sadaq or

mahr or a special marriage gift, ( a dower).

Women could be educated and own property. Infant girls could not be killed, and a woman had to be supported even in divorce.

The mosque, family and schools all educated Muslims. Education based on the Qur’an.

Art, Science, and Mathematics Art, Science, and Mathematics Islamic law prohibited the use of the

human form.Calligraphy and geometric design flourished.

The Muslim empire took ideas from Greek, Roman, and Asian culture. Astrolabe to calculate latitude. They learned paper making.

Rhazes wrote about small pox, surgery, etc. Avicenna wrote Canon of Medicine. Averroes wrote philosophy.

Art, Science, and Mathematics Art, Science, and Mathematics Arabs developed Algebra or the reunion

of broken parts. Muslims spread the number system and invented the concept of zero.

Arab geographers explored the world and made accurate maps.

Europeans came into contact with Arab learning through Spain and through the Crusades. The Great Era of Muslim Culture was between 700 - 1000 A.D.

The Turks The Turks In the late 900s the Seljuk Turks migrated

to Baghdad. They converted to Islam and took large parts of the Byzantine Empire.

The first half of the 1300s the Ottoman Turks came to power and established a capital at Adrianople.

The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453.

The Ottomans allowed millets or independent non Muslim communities.

The Janissaries The Janissaries The Ottomans used slaves in the army or

Janissaries. The Janissaries became the bodyguards to

the sultans or Turkish rulers.The Janissaries became powerful and like

the Praetorian Guard in Rome, they control the government at times in Ottoman history.

The Ottomans Empire lasts into the 20th century.