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Name ___________________________________________per ____

Ch. 3 GN Evolution, Biodiversity and Population p.48-59

Guided notes: Each item below should be answered using details from the textbook.

Bullet points may be used to add details to each ‘prompted item’. Points will be deducted for not providing details or sufficient facts. Additional notes may be added using the ‘left column space’ or ‘sticky notes’ All ‘notes’ should be handwritten.

Case Study: Saving Hawaii’s Native Forest Birds The Hawaiian Islands comprise the most remote archipelago in the world, but over time a few

plants and animals found their way there, establishing populations that evolved into new species. Once a species colonizes an island, it can often spread and evolve rapidly because competitors are few and there tend to be unoccupied niches. What are some of the ways that the Honeycreeper diverged and evolved?

1.

2.

3

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Evolution: The Source of Earth’s Biodiversity 1. Define

Species

Population

Evolution

Natural Selection

Evolutionary processes that influence the environment include:

Natural selection shapes organisms and diversity p. 50 Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace-proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution and as a way to explain change. 2. Science accepts 3 natural selection processes:

1)

2)

3)

3 . Variation is due to: Why is variation a good thing? Be specific.

DUE :

3.1

2

4. Selection acts on genetic variation p. 50 How do mutations happen? 5. Three types of natural selection acts on natural variation by favoring certain traits. p. 50 Clearly copy and label the graphs in figure 3.2 and summarize each

Short beaks favored

Original population Long beaks favored

6.What are some ways that genetic variation has helped species survive?

Selective pressures from the environment influence adaptation.p.51 7. What is convergent evolution ? be specific with 2 examples 1.

2.

8. What is artificial selection/selective breeding ?

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Evolution generates biodiversity/ speciation produces new types of organisms p52-53, read the entire section add notes as needed

9.Define

Biological diversity

Speciation

Allopatric speciation is The process- 1)

2)

3)

10..How are populations separated? p/ 54(read the section and take notes, be sure to answer the question)

11.What is a phylogenetic tree and how do scientists use them? p. 54-55 12. The fossil record teaches us about life’s long history p. 55-58 ( sk ip pages56&57 ) . Fossil are : The fossil record shows that : 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Earth is approx. 4.5 billion years old.

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13. Speciation and extinction together determine Earth’s biodiversity. P.58 Extinction is: How extinction occurs and the affects are- 14.Why are some species are more vulnerable to extinction than others p.59 15. Earth has seen several mass extinctions What are mass extinctions? Why do they happen? Best know? (what and why) 16. What is the Sixth extinction ?

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Levels of Ecological Organization 17. Identify and define the five levels of ecological organization. p.60

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

18. What is the difference between habitat and niche.?

Habitat niche

Definition

examples

19. What is a specialist? Give an example

20. What is a generalist? Give an example

21. How do specialists and generalist adapt to changing environments?

Include the reason why one category of species may be more or less successful.

22 Identify six characteristics of populations that are used to predict future dynamics. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

3.2

3.3

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23. What is population density?

24. The 3 patterns/types of distribution label and sketch an example in each square providedp. 63 explain as needed

25. How does each type of distribution benefit the population or the organism?( examples)

26. Most populations have what ratio of males to females?____________ What does thisdetermine?

27. What do age structure diagrams tell us about a population?p.63

28. Define survivorship curve-

29. Identify three types of survivorship curves ,give an examples of each then complete graphby drawing in the ‘curves’ and label each ( identify x and y axis label chart etc..) p.66

Type I-

Ex-

Type II-

Ex-

Type III-

Ex-

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30. What does age structure show if there is a larger population of older people than there areyounger people?

31. Define : Crude birth rate=

Crude death rate =

32. Formulas for population growth:p.66Rate of natural increase=

Population growth rate=

33. What is exponential growth?

34. When there are unlimited resources what would one expect to find happening to growthrate?

35. What are limiting factors? (Include several examples )p.67

36. What is meant by carrying capacity?

37. What happens when a population reaches its carrying capacity?

38. What are density-dependent factors? Examples? p.68

39. What are density-independent factors? Examples?

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40. What is meant by an organism’s “biotic potential”?

41. Characteristics of r-selected and K-selected species. p.69 ( include at least 5 examples ofeach)

R- selected K- selected

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

42. What is “ecotourism”?

43. How can ecotourism: conserve biodiversity? How can ecotourism: Harm- biodiversity?3.4