nanagement"systemim with local refinery personnel to)nitor and assess all aspects-of en-)y use, treating the entire refinery asintegrated energy system. Synergis-conservation opportunities areight, not only within the refinery, buto with neighboring industries andities. Projects which could foster:perative energy efficiency, includingat integration and heat/power cogen-ition possibilities, are considered.-lighly specialized computer pro-ims help the team synthesize poten-energy-saving alternatives, andiluate them according to thermo-iamic, operational and economiceria. The results are used by refineryinagements to plan and implement:h short-term and long-range energy-/ing programs.Foday, Exxon's refineries around therld are, on the average, 23% more?rgy-efficient than they were in 1973,J Site Energy Surveys completed to

date have identified substantial actional energy-savings opportunitie

Hot Belts andOther Technologies

ER&E is applying a variety of otItechnologies in the search for enesavings as well. One concept is thitransport loop, or "hot belt: that ex-changes energy between multiple

idi-5s.

ierrgye heat

sources and sinks within the refinery,and even outside of it. High activitycatalysts which permit lower reactiontemperatures are being researched, asare low-energy separation processessuch as membranes, and sophisticatedcomputer control systems for on-lineoptimization of energy efficiency.

Exxon Research andEngineering Company

Energy conservation is but one ofthe broad range of activities at ExxonResearch and Engineering Company.A wholly owned subsidiary of Exxon

L Corporation, ER&E employs more than2,000 scientists and engineers workingon petroleum products and processing,synthetic fuels, pioneering science andthe engineering required to develop and

* apply new technology in the manu-facture of fuels and other products. For

4 more information on ENCON and ER&E,write Ed David, President, ExxonResearch & Engineering Company,Room 603, P.O. Box 101, Florham Park,New Jersey 07932.

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SCIENCE-SCOPE

For his pioneering contributions to geostationary communications satellites, Dr.Harold Rosen of Hughes has been given the prestigious Alexander Graham BellMedal by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Rosen iscredited with conceiving the first practical geostationary communications satel-lite, which orbits 22,300 miles high and appears to hover in the sky. A singlesatellite covers over a third of the globe. Early satellites orbited at lowaltitudes and would have required a large orbiting fleet and complicated track-ing procedures if continuous communications were to be provided.

A complete 3-D microelectronic 32x32 array processor is significantly closer tobeing demonstrated now that Hughes scientists have fully interconnected a stackof two wafers. Each of the wafers has a 32x32 array of aluminum feedthroughsmigrated through the silicon wafer, forming low resistance paths across thewafer. Micro-spring bridges made for each unit cell of the array connect onewafer to the other. Improvements in fabrication and assembly techniques led toa performance yield on bridge/feedthrough interconnections of better than 99%.

Scientists have tracked the ash plume from the Mexican volcano El Cinchon withthe aid of a weather satellite. Daylight and infrared pictures from GOES-5(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) clearly showed the April 4eruptions even from 22,300 miles in space. Subsequent images revealed the plumerising high into the stratosphere and across the Yucatan peninsula. The dustnow rings the planet in a wide band. Because El Cinchon blew far more dust intothe stratosphere than did Mount St. Helens in 1980, scientists are speculatingon the volcano's long-term effects on world climate. GOES-5 was built by Hughesand is operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

The new Intelsat VI communications satellite is configured to minimize launchcosts and to be deployed easily from NASA's Space Shuttle. The drum-shapedspacecraft, when folded, fits snugly in less than half of the Space Shuttle'scargo bay. Its weight and length are proportioned to take advantage of launchpricing policies. Intelsat VI will be ejected from its cradle much as a flyingdisc is thrown. The method imparts a slow spin to stabilize the spacecraft. Aperigee motor will kick Intelsat VI into synchronous orbit, after which spinthrusters will fire to stabilize it. Finally, the antenna system will unfoldand an outer panel of solar cells will telescope down to provide extra power.Hughes heads an international team building the Intelsat VI series for theInternational Telecommunications Satellite Organization.

Career growth opportunities exist at all levels at Hughes Support Systems for avariety of engineers qualified by degree or extensive work experience. Theyinclude systems engineers and software and hardware design engineers for majorsimulation and test equipment programs. Also, field engineering posts through-out the U.S. and the world offer travel, autonomy, and responsibility for thelife cycle of Hughes electronics systems. Phone collect (213) 513-5235. Orsend your resume to Professional Employment, Dept. SE, Hughes Aircraft Company,P.O. Box 9399, Long Beach, CA 90810-0463. Equal opportunity employer.

Creating anew wrld with electronicsr------------------ n

1HUGHESHUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANYCULVER CITY. CALIFORNtA 90230

(213) 670-1515 EXTENSION 5964

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COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGYAubrey Gorbman, Walton W. Dickoff, Steven R. Vigna,Nancy B. Clark and Charles L. RalphA major new textbook in the field designed primarily forundergraduates in its coherent and thorough gland-by-glandapproach to endocrinology. Emphasizes chemicallymodulated phenomena of increasing complexity. Richlyillustrated, with many summary diagrams, photographs andelectron micrographs.approx. 475 pp. (1-06266-9) Dec. 1982 In Press

THE ALKALOIDSChemical and Biological Perspectives-Volume IEdited by S. William PelletierThe first volume of a projected series that will offer compre-hensive and authoritative reviews of the chemical andbiological properties of alkaloids. The series will includestructure elucidation, synthesis, biogenesis, pharmacology,physiology, taxonomy, spectroscopy and x-ray crystallog-raphy of alkaloids.432 pp. (1-08811-0) Dec. 1982 $60.00

592 pp. (1-65277-6) Nov. 1982 $55.00 TRANSPORT IN SKELETAL MUSCLEASYMMETRY PRIMER FOR SCIENTISTS Raymond A. SjodinSYMMETRY P M FAn historical approach to ion transport in skeletal muscle,

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