NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT
2807
MECHANICAL TYPE DOOR BITERLOCK
by
Alfred B. Castle
to
Engineering Division^ Military ConstructionCorps of Engineers
Department of the Army
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCESinclair Weeks, Secretary
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSA. V. Astin, Director
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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORTNBS PROJECT nm REPORT
0602-104i7l6 Octc*er 1S53 SGO?
J^.ECE\HXGAL TYPE BOOR MTERIX>GK
AHTed Bo CastlsM3charJ.ca.l iKrtrments Section
Kechajiics Bivision
Davslopefl fox'
Engineering Division# Militaxy Gonstr'ueti.aa
Corps of ^.gineersDepar'tn^nt of the
nkhhB
The publication Approved for public release by theunieto permiMi
p)ij-gctor of the National Institute of25. D. C. Sui
prepared- If thStandards and Technology (NIST)
on October 9, 20 1 5.
er In part, la prohibited
f Standarda, Waahington
irt baa been apeciflcally
report for Ita own use.
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. FOREWORD
Door Interlocks of both mechanical and electrical types have
been developed concurrently for the Jihgineering Divanion j, Military
Construction^ Corps of Engineers, Department of tiie during the
present calendar year in the Mechanical Instruments Section
principally under NBS Project No© 1000-10»'li7l6 as authorised in the
letters references (l) and (2)o Only the mechanical type is described
in this repccrto
The interlocks are designed primarily for use on multiple doors
of a bathroom in veterans* hospitals 1) to lock the bathroom so as
to afford privacy during occi^ncy, 2) to make it equally accessible
to all potential users when idle, and 3) to open it easily in
emergencies
o
Ihe text of the report was prepared principally by SJUJ© Womack,
project supervisoro
Walter Rsmberg, ChiefMechanics Division
A« V© Astin, DirectorNational Bureau of Standards
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MECHAKiCAL TIPS DOOR INTERLOCK
Alfred Bo Castle
ABSTRACT
A mechanically operated door interlock specifically for useon two doors of a bathroom in veterans® hospitals wasdevelopedo The interlocks are separate from and obviatethe need of ordinairy door latches o With •'Sbe interlocks^both doors to the bathroom can be locked by the occupantsand are unlocked when the bathroom is unoccupied® Severalinterlocks have been constructed and demonstrated in alaboratory installationo Design details are included inthe report®
lo INTRODUCTION
Simple and automatic n^ans for obtaining privacy for all parties
concerned using one bathroom connecting between two or more rooms in
hospitals has been a need particularly of U® S® Govemn^nt operated
hospitals®
The privacy desired is such that the user cannot be intruded upon
from outside but when the room is nob in use it remains equally avail-
able to all users® Alsoj? in case of emergency ttie room shou3.d be
easily opened from without®
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Until the developjTient of this medianical interlock and the
electrical type described in reference (3)^, no other hardware fcTas known
which would fit the need and yet be applicable to right and left band
doors regardless of relative location and also be eSmple and easy to
operate o It had been reported that thei'e is one couimercial type of
mechanical interlock which can be applied to tr'c doors that are reasonably
close together and opposite each other#
2o POTIREI-IMffi
‘The interlocks^ when installed oa bathr-oom doers connected with two
or more rooms, should meet the following minirri'am requireriients
s
a) o It shon3,.d be possible to lock the batfcfoom doors from within
against intrusion from without, siti^^ly by closing tiie doors end actuating
a single handle or knob on ary one door#
b) o Upon opening any one door, all doors nn:^t tliereby become im-o
locked and remain so as long as aiy door remains open#
c) o While in the bathroom, locking any on© door will. slmiiltaneousXy
lock all other doors#
d) o 1'Jhen necessaxy it shall be possible to open any door from
without by application of a siuple tool cr Icey#
e) o Breakage or slippage of the control cable shall, either auto<=»
matically unlock or peiroit emergency unlocking of ail doo.rs#
f) o The materials, workfranship and design of the locks shail
afford a reasonably long trou.ble<=*free life©
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Kie following addi-bionral features are desirable;
g) o An indicator that the bathroom is occwied should be easil^^-
visible from both connecting roois^o
h) o The locks should be applicable to either old or new construction
and oispense ^rith the use of e^sisting types of hardware,
i}o Locking Imdbs or handles should be preferably s:linnar to those
normlly used to obviate learning any new locking t-echniqueo
3o PHBICIPLE OF OPSRATION AND DiSCRIPTION
2he principle of qperation of this type of interlock ^fill be
explained in connection with Its description©
In the locked condition the exteiTial opening handle 18^ figure 2^
IS made meffeotiire against normal attempt at opening due to each tongue
7 acting to block movement of bolt 8 of either door» Refer to figure 1,
To unlock the doorsj either internal handle is turned back to the
horitcntal or neutral posltion„ Erom this position the bolt of either
door may be retracted by sliding the handle toward the hinge line of
the door for which slot A is provided In part 1. The doors may be
opened from without by turning the handle to secure a similar sliding
action and as shoim at the igjper right, figure 3. The mechanism is
new reaefy for the next cycle of operation©
3ol Door Units of Interlock
The latch bolt 8, figures 1 and S,may be of circular but preferably
of rectangular cross-section. It acts as a conreritional latch, enteringar. opening in the face plate of the janb unit under force of the springs 13
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when the door is closed* The bolt is atteched to a locklrsg tongue or
link wiiich fits free3y in a slot of the interlock ring segment $ and
raa7 enter the rectangular slot lA and figure I© Hiis occures fe^hen
moved hingeward by the handle 1? or 18 only when the doors are in the
unlocked position© A baU,s socket and spring -urdt U.j. helps locate
this position©
The turning of tongue 7 about the a3d.s of the handle shaft deflects
ring segment ^ so as to rotate the shorter concentric ring segiricnt 6 in the
jamb umte Conversely a rotation of segment 6 arising from the remote
lock causes segment 5 to rotate and deflect tongue
Associated with the unit mortised in.to uhe door is the "lock side"
handle 17 «, figure 2j> which is provided with a square shaft© 'The s,haft
fits through the square hole in part ?© The ring 5 and tongue 7 can be
rotated either ddrecti.^ though a limited angle from the hca^lKontal
eiteer directly by rotating tlie handle or Indirectly by action of the
ring segments as already mentioned and Illustrated iji figure 3©
3o2 Jamb Units of Interlock
The hardware of the jamb part of the interlock consis t© nalnly of
a housing with an opening for a latch bolt^ an interlock ring iwdt and
a cable connector unito The ring unit consists principally of the ring
segment 6^ a locking pawl 11 mounted and spring held in a notch of the
connector arm 9 when the door bolt is not engaged w,ith the jamb miit*
Normally the tximing of 6 at either door isoves 9 in botli doors up or
down corresponding to the direction of the rotation becatise the tran.s»
mitting wire in is attached tcj connector 9 at each of its ends©
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Moverrsent of 9 in the jamb remote from the operator deflects the
which In t'om rotates ring segrtKSt 6, one end of becomes extended
beyond the jamb facSo In so moving it deflects (I’otates) ring segment $
in the remote door and locks the door bolt 8 as securely as if it had
been turned directly by its handle*
A safeguard has been iiicorpcrated in the design against closing
and locking one door while the other is left open* This is the function
of the pawl 11 in the jsmb unito Normally it locks part 9 firsts and
then part 6 against irioveirsnt if tlie door bolt 8 is not fully in its
socketo If the bolt is i2i^ meaning that the door is closed, t^ie crank
arm 11 is disengaged by a cam action from 9 £-nd periaits the closing cf the
remote dooro
The Interlock pawl is somewhat accessible fcg* ’’picking” through the
latch bolt opening, but two persons, one at each door, x^ill be required
to lock one door independent of locking the other and thus circumvent
the normal functioning of the locks o To make the picking of the inters
lock more difficult would probably unduly complicate the dexrlceo Hoxi'ever,
unless the mechaixism is daxuaged, the \anits will function propei’ly even
after tamperingo
The deflection transmitting cable 1$ is a type familiar to the
automotive and marine industryo It is inportant that the wire make a
close but free fit inside the casingi excessive friction or looseness
would introduce trouble in moving the elements of the remote door to
the proper position for openingo ihe connector 9 moves in guides 10,
figui'e
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ho INSTALLATION DEmn.S
The niechanical interlock ^stem maj be instaX],.ed in old but
preferably in new works ia mortices or molded recesses made In
accordance with the templates figure lu in old works ordinsu^'- latch
bolt should be remo’oed or sec'tared in the retracted pc^itiono Identically
constructed units are installed at each door^ care being taken tliat each
door unit is so mounted that the latch bolt operates narFiaXly and that
the jamb unit has such orientation as to Eiake the interlock pawl engage
properly with the latch bolto Ihe housing of all units are symmetrical
about a horizontal azis and therefore may be Inserted as requix'^id tsi
effect the proper engagement of the pawl with the longer side of the
bolto
The transmitting cable may be connected either from above or
from below o The guide pieces 10 and the clamping am 9? figure have
clamps at either end to accomodate the cable e Piece 10 is attached to
piece 2 by two horizontal screws o For Installation in new concrete
similar construction a roughiag“in box should be mounted in the jamb
and a conduit or tube of 3/8 inch bore or larger should be connected
between boxes o ihe roughing«=>in box should be 1 l/2” wide x 2 l/2^ deep
X 6” high^ and have a knockout with its center located 2” fj*om the face
and 3A” fi^m the sides on both top and bottomo For l^est results the
total length of conduit path should not exceed 25 feet and tlia rdniimM
radius of bend should be 6 inches
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The handles 1? and X8s figure 2, are ix:^talled on the ii'.side and
ontside of the door^ respectivelj'-, by of a set of screvrs^ washers
and. the col3.ar 19 o The end of the collar and shaft are painted^. lil:e
a hajLf moon^ for example^ to toiicate whether the door is locked or
notj, depending on the rotated position cf the sqi^.re shafts
5c OPEMING OF LOCKED DOORS
501 Nornml Opening
Either door cf the bathroom is mlocked sinply by trsming the
control handle in the direction reqidxed to retm^n the handle to the
horizontal positiono For doors of iriaxim.'um separation a slight overtlrcow
of the handle and then a retiim of it to the horizontal may be required
if too much slack or backlash is allowed :bi the system or a slirinkage
in the width of the door oc erne’s « v/ith. the handk: horizontal^ the door
may be opened by sliding the handle toward the Irlnges of the door enough
to clear the bolt from the jamb a
Incidently^) taming the handle well beyond the horizontal position
in the direction required, initially to mlock tl-ie door does no harm|
the doors sliroly became rslocked in the alternate posi-tlon as shotm in
figure 3o
502 Saiergency Craning
Either door may be unlocked from without simply by applying the
special tool 16., figure 2^ on tlie exposed end of the shaft to rotate
it to a horizontal positiono Ihe door may then be opened by operating
the handle on the outside of ti^ door<>
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6o EXTM!SION TO MORE mi'I WO DOORS
Ihe interlock althon^ made initially for ubb on t^fo doors can
be ext-anded theoretically to appl^r to any nurnber of doors but
practically to only three or possibly four doors 2h the case of more
than two doors the limitation on the total length (2^ ft approxo) of
connecting cable must be observedo The backlash Is a function of the
total length of cable and is limited principally by the to3.erance in the
fit of the interlocking parts 9 and ll^ figures 1 and
7o SUMiiA.RI
A mechanically operated door interlock for locking md unlocking
two doors simultaneously has been developed which meets all the essential
reQuireiiients stated in section 2j above o Ihe interlock is generally
better adaptable to new tlian to o3ji construeti.ono
To effect locking, metallic segir^nts which are linked to the remote
end ol an ordinary type bolt in each door are operated dixeetly at one
door by a handle and remotely at the other door by a jamb segment which
is concentric with 'fche door segments Remote locking action is transmtted
by n^ans of a steel wire within a fle:d.ble me-ballic sheatlio Tne operating
handle requires a twisting motion to lock and isnlock and a sliding motion
to open the dooro A bolt released interlock prevents locking of one
door with the other door openo
'.'ath the commercial type of cable used the lost motion in a length
of the cable and the necessary tolerance in the fit of the door with tte
jamb and in the fit of the Interlocking parts limJ.t the nu'riber of doors
to about three and the total length of cable to about 2$ feeto
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The WBS developed mechanical interlock requires more torque to
operate the control hancHes and is not so applicable to old construction
as the NBS electrical interlock^ reference 3 5 which was developed con-
currently with the mechanical typeo The mechanical type however 5 has
no inherent shock hazard and is independent of eieetrica3, failure 0
80 REFH?.iICES
lo Letter fzom Rngineering Division^ Militaiy Gosistructionj,
Corps of Lngineersj, DepartiJBnt of the Army^t dated Januaiy 13,19^3, reference HJGESo
2o I-etter from Engineering Division, Ililitasy Construction,Corps of ihgineers, Departn^nt of the Amy^ dated May 13,1953 5 reference MGESo
3o NBS Report Ho© 2806 on Electrical Type Door iaterl.OGk,dated Septeinber 21, 19^3 o
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NOMENCLATURE *J§.o
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSWASHINGTON 25. D. C.
MULTIPLE LOOf^NTf'MECHWia_- HAN . £S
MODEL TYPE SCALEj
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DSAFTSMAN
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>LCRANCCSPROJECT ENOR.
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DECIMALS ±.OOS
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EXAMINED SY
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NOMCNCLATURE
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSWASHINGTON 2S. D. C.
MULTIPLE DOOR INTEfeLOq
MEICHANICALMODEL TYPE SCAU \**\*
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N«-4 DRILL
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
Functions and Activities
The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March
3, 1901, as amended hy Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and
maintenance of the national standards of measmrement and the provision of means and methods
for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants
and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,
devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical
problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the
development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied
research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and
various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed
for other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy
Commission. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the
inside of the front cover.
Reports and Publications
The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or
published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project
or program. Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the
journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly peri-
odicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents
complete papers reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presents
smnmary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,
which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout
the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: The Applied Mathematics
Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous
Publications.
Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of
the National Bureau of Standards ($1.00). Information on calibration services and fees can be
found in NBS Circular 483, Testing by the National Bureau of Standards (25 cents). Both are
available from the Government Printing Office. Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports and
publications should be addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications, National Bureau of Stand-
ards, Washington 25, D. C.
ms
