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NATIONAL CENTER FOR POLICY ANALYSISTurning on the Lights 2011: The Consumer
Benefits of Electric Power Competitionby Carl Johnston and Lynne Kiesling April 2011
Cal-ISO
ERCOT
NE ISO
PJM
MISO
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
CaliforniaColorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
NebraskaNevada
NewHampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
WestVirginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
United States
0
0 100 Km
100 Miles
Hawaii500 Miles
0 500 KM
0
Alaska
0 500 Miles0 500 Km
NY ISO
U.S. Independent System Operators (ISOs)/RTOs
SPP
Restructuring States Pre-California Crisis
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
CaliforniaColorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
NebraskaNevada
NewHampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
WestVirginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
United States
0
0 100 Km
100 Miles
Hawaii500 Miles
0 500 KM
0
Alaska
0 500 Miles0 500 Km
Restructuring States Post-California Crisis
Texas Fast FactsCompetitive Sourcing:43% of Residential>70% of Industrial
In Houston, choice between 255 plans a five-fold increase from a year ago.
http://www.powertochoose.org/_content/_compare/showoffers.aspx
255 Offers
Zero to 13.7c KWh
• Promotions• Month-to-Month• No Credit Req’d• Daily Variable Rate• GoGreen!• 6-12-18-Month
Fixed
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110.000
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
Real Prices ($2008)Natural Gas
Texas Electricity Retail Price per KWH 1990-2011 ($=2008)
19901991
19921993
19941995
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
20082009
20102011
0.000
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
New Jersey Real Electricity Prices 1990-2011
"Real Prices($2008)"Natural Gas ($2008)
Axis Title
1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
DifferenceRestructured Non-CongestedRestructured Congested
Prices In (Non) Congested States 1990-2011
Revolution in Generation
• Nukes in restructured states are 40% more efficient
• Renewable power output growing 20 times faster in restructured states
• (fair access to grid; wholesale response to intermittent output)
Revolution in Distribution
• Smart Meters: 28 million households with smart meters permitting two-way communication
• Digitization of the Grid paves the way to connections to the Internet
Revolution in Consumption
• Buyer or seller of production• Optimization of electricity use throughout the
day using “operating system” for your home.• Self sufficient micro nets and community
networks
Revolution in New Businesses
• Demand Response Aggregators• Networked Appliances• PHEVs• New Software and Device Development
Opportunities (Applications running on home operating systems)
Policy Recommendations
• Split vertically integrated utilities into service companies and power generators, allow free pricing nationwide
• Deregulate the utility market to provide choices for length of contract, fuel options, reliability—let consumers lead the market
• Give FERC Authority to Site Long-Distance Transmission Lines (or something similar)
• Divest Federal Power Generation and Transmission Assets• Build Smart Grid
• Junk Preferences for Generation Technologies