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National Conferenceon
Chemical (Industrial) Disaster Management
Common Effluent Treatment Plant and Hazardous Waste Management in Cluster of Pharmaceutical
Industries
Mahesh.T, EO, KSPCB
January 31, 2014
Bangalore
Overview of Presentation
• Waste generation in Pharmaceutical / Bulk Drug
industries
• Applicable Environmental/ Pollution Control legislations
• Treatment – Captive V/s Common
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Laws Enforced
• Water (P & C of Pollution) Act, 1974;
• Water (P & C of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977;
• Air (P & C of Pollution) Act, 1981;
• Environment (Protection) Act and Rules, 1986
• Hazardous Waste (M, H & TM) Rules, 2008;
• Manufacture, Storage & Import of Haz. Chem. Rules, 1989;
• EIA Notification, 2006;
• Bio-medical Waste (M & H) Rules,1998;
• Noise pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000;
• Batteries (M & H) Rules, 2001;
• e-Waste (M & H) Rules, 2011;
• Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
Compliance - Requirements
� Industries are required to obtain CFE, CFO, CF Exp ,
Authorization / Registration
� Some industries require EC from SEIAA/ MoEF
� SPCB issues Consents, Authorization, Registration
� Number of conditions are prescribed to be complied with
� Validity depending on category (R/O/G)
� Quantity of discharge /emissions
� Quality/ Standards for discharge/emissions
� Place of discharge
� Control equipments to be provided and maintained
� To self monitor and report
� To file returns at specified intervals
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Treatment Methods
Effluent is a waste which needs to be treated which is
associated with organic and inorganic impurities.
Types of effluent
• Trade effluent
(a)High TDS effluent – MEE
(b)Low TDS effluent –ETP followed by ERP
• Domestic -STP
EQUALIZATION
TANKS
BIODEGRADABLE
STREAM
CLARIFIER 2
Storage tank
UASB
BIOGAS TO
INCINERATOR /
FLARE STACK
AERATION
TANK 2
CLF 2
CLARIFIER1
CLF 1
HOLDING TANKS
AERATION
TANK 1
SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT
PLANT
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TREATED EFFLUENT FROM ETP
ROCHEM IIROCHEM 1 Reject
PERMEATE WATER TO UTILITIES
Reject
MEE
SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM OF ERP
Pe
rme
ate
Pe
rme
ate
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR
ROCHEM 1
• Feed water input 30-34 m3/hr
• Operation pressure range 45-55 bar
• Feed water temperature range 15-25 c
• Permeate water o/p 22-26m3/hr
RO recovery 70-80%
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROCHEM -2
• Feed water input 25-27 m3/hr
• Operation pressure range 45-55 bar
• Feed water temperature range 15-25 c
• Permeate water o/p 17-19m3/hr
RO recovery 60-70%
FEED WATER & PERMEATE WATER
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WATER QUALITY ROCHEM 1
PARAMETER FEED WATER UNITS PERMEATE
pH 6.0-6.5 6.8-7.3
TDS 3000-3500 ppm <250
COD 1000-1500 ppm <100
BOD 100-200 ppm <20
TSS 100-200 ppm <10
Conductivity 4000-5000 µs/cm <250
Free Chlorine 150 ppm <50
Turbidity 5 NTU <1
Silica 35 ppm <5
WATER QUALITY ROCHEM 2
Parameter Feed water unit Permeate
pH 6.0-6.5 6.8-7.2
TDS 9,000-10,000 ppm 900
COD 2,000-2500 ppm 200-250
BOD 1000-1200 ppm 100-120
TSS 150-200 ppm 15-20
Conductivity 12000-14000 1200-1400
Sulphates 700-800 ppm 70-80
Turbidity 3-5 NTU <1
Silica 55-70 ppm 5.5-7.0
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Treatment of High TDS and RO rejects
Hazardous Waste Management
Category
Number
Description
28.1 Process residues and wastes
28.2 Spent catalyst /Spent carbon
28.3 Off specification Products
28.4 Date expired, discarded and off specification
drugs/medicines
28.5 Spent organic Solvents
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Hazardous Waste Management
Category Number Description Method of disposal
5.1 Used Oil Sale to recycler
28.1 Pharma Powder waste Incineration
28.1 Cotton waste Incineration
33.3 Discarded Empty Containers/Liners
contaminated with hazardous
wastes/chemicals
Sale to authorized recyclers
33.1 Chemicals –containing residue
arising from decontamination
Incineration
33.2 Sludge from treatment of waste
water arising out of cleaning
/disposal of barrels/containers
Incineration
Hazardous Waste Management
Category Number Description Method of disposal
34.1 Flue gas cleaning residue Incineration
34.2 Spent ion exchange resin
containing toxic metals
Incineration
34.3 Chemical sludge from waste water
treatment
Secured landfill
34.4 Oil & grease skimming residues Incineration
34.5 Chromium sludge from cooling
tower
Incineration
28.1 Residue after solvent recovery Incineration
34.3 Salts from MEE Secured landfill
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HW Management
• 3406 industries covered in State & 2087 in Bangalore. (as on
31.10.2013)
• Total HW generation in MTPA.
• TSDF for landfillable waste has been setup on BOOT basis at
Dabaspet
• Co processing in Cement kilns encouraged for incinerable waste
State Bangalore
Landfillable 60465 18617
Incinerable 60717 26395
Recyclable 117686 31427
Total 238868 76439
HW TSDF at Dabaspet
� Land 93.18 acres
� Capacity 8 lakh MT
� 20 years active life
� 30 years post monitoring
� Constructed & operated on BOOT basis
� First cell commissioned
� 131594MT received
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Captive V/s Common treatment system
• Captive facilities are required for solvents
• Solvent recovery must be integral part of Pharma/Bulk
Drug industry
• Residue material can be treated or disposed off by
environmentally sound technologies
Captive V/s Common treatment system
• In case of captive, capital and operation cost are on
higher side.
• Dedicated team is required to manage the waste
• In case of common incineration continuous monitoring
facility can be affordable
• Monitoring of effluent, emission and Ground Water
• Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
• Norms for captive incinerators
• Norms for common incinerators
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Challenges
• Disposal of waste – after recovery treatment
• Landfillable waste only should go for TSDF –CPCB
Criteria to be followed
• Disposal of large number of packaging materials – Like
drums, barrels etc
- Non-toxic drums to be decontaminated and sold to
reprocessors
- Chemically contaminated drums to be decontaminated ,
inspected before selling to reprocessors
- Toxic drums to be detoxified sold to repcessors /smelters
- Co-processing of waste
CONCLUSION
• Recycling of Effluent to maximum possible extent
• Reduction in Volume of Effluent
• Reduce fresh water consumption
• Efforts should be made to achieve zero liquid discharge
• Recovery of salts
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Green Belt Development Initiatives-Treated Effluents are used for watering the green
cover-Biocon Ltd, TVS Management Centre & Universal Textile Machines
Thank You
