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Nationalism, Sectionalism, Expansion, Age of Jackson, Reform Movements
SectionalismA. ________________ Differences1. _________________ Economy a. __________________i. beginning of manufacturing ii. textile millsb. ________________ – Second BUSi. need capital to start new businessii. favored the North; loaned money
more to northern businessmenc. __________________ – farmingd. ___________________ - factoriese. Tariff of 1816 – tax on
_______________ to help businesses in US compete
Sectionalism
2. ___________ – Agriculturea. _____________________ –
Eli Whitney (1793)i. demand for _____________ ii. demand for cotton in Britainb. __________ made
manufactured goods more ____________ for southern
businessmen/plantation owners
c. slave revolts – ________________ (1831)
Sectionalism
3. _______ – New Frontiera. ___________________
(1803) – extended boundary to Rocky Mts.
b. BUS seen to favor _______________
businessmen over western ___________
Sectionalism
4. Slaverya. __________________
(1820)i. Missouri – ______ state;ii. Maine – ________ stateiii. territory north of 36 30
line – ________; south of line – __________
iii. only delayed the crisis
NationalismA. A Stronger _____________ Gov’t1. The _________________ System (1815)
– Henry Claya. plan to unite the country
__________________i. ___________ – make goods to sell in
South and Westii. ______________ – produce food,
cotton for the Northb. _____________ to protect American
goodsc. new _______________________d. Improvements in
___________________ – build roads, canals, rr’sw/ $ collected from tariffs to link country
Nationalism2. Supreme Court Casesa. _________________________i. Maryland tried to tax branch of the ______________________ii. SC said that was
______________________; supremacy of the national gov’t over state gov’t
(“the power to tax is the power to destroy”)
b. _________________________i. _________________ gov’t can
regulate/control _________________ commerce
Nationalism
3. Foreign Policya. ___________________i. Pres. Monroe warned ____________ countries to stay out of the _____________________; no new colonies
Westward Expansion
_____________________• belief that the US was
supposed to extend from __________________Ocean
• First used in a newspaper article in the 1840’s
Westward Migration
A. The Frontier1. West – north of Ohio R.2. 1775 - Daniel Boone hired
to cut new road to west3. 1787 –
____________________a. rules for establishing new __________ in territoriesb. no ______________ in Northwest Territory
Westward Expansion
A. Reasons for Migration West1. ______________ Factorsa. _________________b. religious persecution2. ______________ Factorsa. cheap _______________b. adventureB. Trails West1. Santa Fe Trail2. _________________ Trail3. _________________ Trail
Westward ExpansionC. Movement West1. _______________(1803)2. _______________ Treatya. ___________ - from Spain (1819)3. Oregon Territorya.
“__________________________________________”
i. slogan of supporters to annex whole territory
ii. treaty signed w/_________ for Oregon
Westward Expansion2. Annexation of _____________a. 1830’s – more Americans than Mexicans in Texasb. 1833 – Texas Revolutioni. led by ___________________ii. 1836 – “______________________” - Jim Bowie, Davie Crockett - fort defended by Texans; taken by
Mexican Armyc. 1836 – Texas wins
______________________i. Republic of Texas led by
______________________
Westward Expansion
d. 1845 – Texas ________________ by US
i. South saw chance to expand ____________
ii. dispute w/Mexico over ______________
Westward Expansione. _____________________War
(1846-48)i. Pres. Polk wanted New Mexico,
California territories (_____________________)
ii. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago (1848)- Mexico ____________ Texas to US- border set at _______________- ___________________________:
US paid for New Mexico, Cal. Territories
iii. California Gold Rush (1849)f. Gadsden Purchase (1853)i. ___________________completed
New TechnologyA. Industrial Revolution (1789)1. ______________________a. 1793 – spinning machine
(____________________)i. first _________________(RI)b. 1793 –
_______________________, cotton gin (Whitney)
c. 1814 – factory system (Francis Lowell)
i. built factory town (MA)d. mechanical reaper (Cyrus
McCormick)e. _______________(John Deere)
New Technology
B. Transportation1. 1807 – steamboat (Robert
Fulton)2. 1811- National Road (toll
road to west)3. 1825 – Erie Canala. link Atlantic w/Great
Lakes (Ohio River Valley)b. use Miss. River to get
west4. 1828 – Baltimore/Ohio RR
Age of Jackson
A. Election of 18241. JQ Adams v. Jackson a. no majority in
electoral votes – election goes to ____
b. Clay supported JQ Adams
c. JQ Adams named Clay at Sec. of State
=>Corrupt Bargain
Age of Jackson
B. Election of 1828 1. before 1828, who
could vote?2. what changed?3. Jackson wona. spoils systemi. Jackson rewarded
supporters w/gov’t jobs (Democrats)
Age of JacksonC. __________________ Policy1. ______________________Act
(1830)a. tribes forced further west to make room for more
_______________b. ___________________(1832)i. Cherokee Nation sued to keep landii. ___________________ – ruled in
favor of Cherokeeiii. _____________ ignored rulingc. ____________________(1838)i. forced march west
Age of JacksonD. States Rights1. Tariff of 1828 (“________________________”)a. high tariff favored ________b. upset the ___________c. VP __________________ hated the tariffi. argued states had right to __________ act of Congress (law)that they believed was_______________________=>______________________ theoryd. South Carolina talked about __________________; tariff reduced
=> ___________________________
Age of Jackson2. ________________(Second
BUS)a. Jackson thought BUS favored _______________businessmen over ____________ farmers (giving loans)b. he ___________ bill to renew the BUSi. said money should be put in
state banks in states loyal to Democratic Party (“pet banks”)
Age of Jackson
E. Consequences of Jackson’s policies
1. Was he a _______________or a ________________?
1. new political party formed – __________________
Reform MovementsA. ______________ of Reform
Movement1. ______________a. Second Great Awakening (1800’s)i. anyone can gain
_______________(democratic)ii. people can improve ___________b. New Denominationsi. new Protestant churches - Baptists, Methodistsii. ____________________
- Joseph Smith, Brigham Young (Utah)
c. AME Churches
Reform Movements
2. ____________________a. taught that a person can solve problems/find truth through_______________________b. rejected _____________
religionc. supported ___________
movementd. people naturally good;
dignity of every person
Reform Movementse. led by ___________________________
(writer)i. pushed for a new “__________ culture” => _________________f. _________________________i. Walden - experiment in simple livingii. __________________________– ____________________ protest of
unjust laws iii. less gov’t better (like which early president? ___________________- “The government is best which
governs _________________.”
Reform Movementsg. ____________________________i. period in art, literature w/emphasis
on emotion, natureii. ____________________________ - _____________________, natural
beauty of USiii. first “American” writers using
__________________ themes - Washington Irving (The Legend of
Sleepy Hollow) - James Fennimore Cooper (The Last
of the Mohicans) - Walt Whitman, _______________
Reform MovementsB. _________________ of Reform1. _____________________Movementa. abstinence from _________________b. Women’s Christen Temperance Union
(1870’s)2. _____________________a. push for free public schoolsb. _____________________3. _____________________________a. improve conditions/treatmentb. _____________________4. ___________________ Communitiesa. “perfect” societiesb. _____________________c. New Harmony, INd. Shaker communities
Reform Movements5. ________________________a. __________________ movementb. 1807 – all _____________ states __________________ slaveryc. 1808 – US slave trade stoppedd. 1822 – _____________________
movement; US colony started for ex-slaves – ______________
e. American Anti-Slavery Societyi. ____________________________ii. _________________________–
abolitionist newspaperiii. end slavery ___________iv. ________________________
Reform Movementsf. other _______________________i. Sarah/Angelina Grimkeii. Sojourner Truthg. ____________________________i. ____________________________h. Reaction to Abolitioni. increased ________________ b/t _________________________ - slave rebellions - anti-slavery writings bannedii. _______________– most though abolition too _________________ - freed slaves would take____________________from white men iii. _______________– abolition a threat to
________________________
Reform Movements
i. ___________________ - __________________(1852)- opened eyes in____________ to evils of______________- taken as a____________________in
the South
Reform Movements6. _____________ Movement a. before reform – cult of
domesticityi. women in charge of ________________________b. _____________________(1848)i. meeting to discuss______________________ii. Declaration of Sentimentsiii. Lucretia Mott,________________________