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Unit III Nationalism, Sectionalism, & the Era of Good Feelings
Unit III
Nationalism,Sectionalism,
& the Era of Good Feelings
What is NATIONALISM?First, let’s define
NATION. A large group of people
united by common descent, history, culture, or language, living in a particular area.
NATIONALISM is extreme loyalty or devotion to your nation (right or wrong).
Why was nationalism on the rise at this time in U.S. history?
NATIONALISM: AN “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”
REASONS:• Success in War of
1812• Nationalist
economics: Henry Clay’s American System
• Boost in federal power from Judiciary
• American art and literature flourish
What is SECTIONALISM?First, let’s define
REGION.Part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries
Some REASONS:Differing economies: Industrial (North) vs. Agricultural (South)
Issues over slaveryDifferences in population growth (Immigration )
Development of cities in the North
SECTIONALISM
SECTIONALISM is an exaggerated devotion or allegiance to the interests of a region (the North vs. the South).
THE “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”: AMERICAN
NATIONALISM1812-1855
EQ: How did domestic & foreign policies reflect the nationalism of the times?
Economic
What nationalistic economic policies surfaced during the 1820’s?
The American System, developed by Senator Henry Clay
Henry’s Clay’s American System consisted of three main policies:
Protective tariffsBuilding new roads & canals to link the states (Atlantic & Midwest)
Establish Second Bank of the U.S.
How do each of these policies promote nationalism?
Henry Clay’s American System
WestFoodStuffs
SouthRaw
Materials(cotton)
NEManufactured
Goods
Raw materialsto cities
Manufacturedgoods
Manufacturedgoods
Food stuffsto feed workers
Migration
What new inventions arebeing used in each region?
Cultural
Nationalism also influencedart & literature
Literature – American RenaissanceJames Fenimore Cooper
The Last of the Mohicans First American to make a career
as a novelistWebster’s American Dictionary
Novelists expressed pride in the newnation and its immense potential
CulturalArtists – Depicted America’s beautiful landscape
Hudson River SchoolGroup of landscape painters who used realistic detail to depict the beauty of nature and reflect the spirit of nationalism
How do these images reflect nationalism?
ELECTION OF 1816
James Monroe – DR, VA
THE VIRGINIA DYNASTY
4 of the first 5 Presidents are from Virginia
Monroe is the last of the “Founding Fathers to be President
THE MONROE DOCTRINE
Told Europe colonization was over
Western Hemisphere is under American control
Example of American Nationalism
PoliticalJohn Quincy Adams (President Monroe’s Secretary
of State) promotes national expansion
Adams-Onis TreatyUS gains Florida from Spain,
open to settlement
Monroe DoctrineLatin American nations gained
independence from European countriesWarned European countries to stay out of Latin
America
How do these policies reflect nationalism?
Domestic
Supreme Court rulings under John MarshallChief Justice from 1801 to 1835Favored a strong federal government,
gave more power to the federal government
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)Denied the right of a state to tax a
federal agency (a national bank)Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)Upheld congressional power to regulate
commerce between states (NY steamboat monopoly)
How did these decisions reflect nationalism?
SECTIONALISM – DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH
EQ – How did the North and South differ during the early 1800s?
Sectional Differences Emerge
Missouri Territory applies for statehoodWhy is this a problem?There are an equal number of slave/free states, Missouri would tip the balanceHenry Clay – Missouri Compromise (1820)Missouri = slaveMaine = free (split from Massachusetts)36-30 line: north= free, south = slave
Differences between North and South
EconomyAgricultural,
slaveryIndustrialized
North South
Differences between North and South
Pop.Growth
&Citizens
-Lower population-Slower populationgrowth-Lower education
-Population grewquickly-Middle class-Working class-Immigrants faceprejudice
North South
Differences between North and South
Cities,Develop.,
&Indust.
-Few large cities-Limited regionaldevelopment-Slavery spread,plantations grow
-Industrializationspread quickly-Factories-Cities grew
North South
What common interests and similarities do these two regions share?
-Both rely on cotton crop-King Cotton-Both rely on new technology-Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) makes cotton profitable
1789-1819
AMERICAN LAND EXPANSION
VERMONT (1791)
Cleared 2/3 of Ohio/Indian of Indian TribesBritish abandon NW Territory, flee to Canada
THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE (1795)
Normalized relations with SpainUSA gains free access to Mississippi River
PINCKNEY’S TREATY (1795)
Settled all border disputes between the USA and SpainFlorida and Western lands were purchased for $5 million
ADAMS-ONIS TREATY (1819)
