Nationalism/ Sectionalism

VAGLIO

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS? Nationalism – supreme pride and loyalty to

one’s country --- the belief that the interest of a nation should be place ahead of regional or local interests and the foreign policy should be guided by national interests

Sectionalism- the placing of the interests of one’s own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole

Expansionism- the belief that it is our duty to expand and spread the American Culture!!

Era of Good Feeling

Economic Nationalism

BUS–

Revenue/ Protective Tariffs -

Diplomatic Nationalism

Manifest Destiny

Americans began to believe that it was their duty and responsibility to spread their superior culture ---- that it was their God given right to spread west and conquer North America.

This begins in Florida

Problems in Florida

Runaway slaves fled there Creek people retreated to Florida –

Seminoles (separatists) --- used Florida as an area to stage resistance

Spain could not control colony Kinache warned US to stay out of

Florida

US Action

Calhoun – secretary of war – sent General A. Jackson into Florida

Jackson disobeyed orders --- destroyed several seminole villages – captured the Spanish governor of Florida –

Result: Adams/Onis Treaty

US puts pressure on Spain about controlling land in Florida --- could result in war --- Spain eventually ceded Florida to the US and established a definite western border.

Nationalism guides Foreign Policy

Britain Rush-Bagot Treaty – an agreement

between the US/Britian to demilitarize the Great Lakes

Convention of 1818 – meeting that set the US northern border at the 49th parallel and also set up Oregon as a jointly owned territory

Bold Statement: Monroe Doctrine

1823 – Monroe – warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere – they should not attempt to create new colonies, or try and overthrow the new nations – any action of this nature would be considered dangerous to the safety of the US --- likewise the US would not involve itself in the affairs of Europe.

Reasons

Spain and Portugal wanted to regain their lost colonies in Latin America

Russia had claimed the 51st parallel as Alaska’s southern border – posed a threat to trade bt/ US and China

A response to the Quadruple Alliance – GB, Prussia, Russia, Austria – suppress movements against monarchies

INTERNAL NATIONALISM James Fennimore Cooper/ Washington

Irving North American Review – intellectual

magazine that began publication in 1815 Revived Bank of the US – 1816 Army was expanded Navy glorified – successes against British/

Barbary Pirates Stephen Decatur- “Our Country! In her

intercourse with foreign nations may she always be in the right, but our country right or wrong.

II. THE AMERICAN SYSTEM – economic Phrased coined by HENRY CLAY Tariff of 1816 (20% - 25%) – dutiable taxes BANKING SYSTEM INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS – would be paid

for by the revenues from the protective tariff Transportation – network of roads, canals

particularly in burgeoning OHIO valley – create an interdependent economy

Madison’s Veto – (bill for internal improvements on roads)

Southern Economy Economy in the south thrived on

the production of several major cash crops – items grown in surplus to be sold for the sole purpose of making a profit

Regional Crops Md, Ky, Va – tobacco SC, GA – rice paddies LA, TX - sugarcane

Cotton Becomes King Reason is because cotton is

adaptable to the climate and can be grown all over the South East – LA, SC, TN, NC, GA, MI, AL

Cotton gin Effects on:

Production Slave population

INDUSTRY LAGS For the most part the south did not

industrialize as quick as the north – remained a region of rural villages /plantations – with 3 large cities – Baltimore, New Orleans, Charleston

South had some Industry – Coal, iron, salt, copper mines, textile mills,

Region still relied on imported finished product

Society in the South- of the 6,000,000 in population only

347,525 families owned slave – of which 37,000 were considered to be planters

- Planters – top society of the south (large plantations) and held 20 0r more slaves – represented less than ½ of 1% of the population

- 8,000/ 37,000 had more than 50 slaves - Only 11 had 500 or more- Planters dominated the economics, politics, &

society of the south

YEOMAN – ordinary farmers made up a vast majority of the white population for the south (may have held for or fewer slaves)

Worked on the land themselves RURAL POOR – made up mostly of families

living on land to barren for cultivation – fished, hunted, raised chickens & hogs – represented less than 10% OF POPULATION

AFRICAN AMERICANS– 3.6 million living in the south – 93% were slaves

Task system – workers were given a set of tasks and once completed they had the rest of time free

Gang system – slaves organized into gangs & worked from sun up to sundown – planting, cultivating, picking, plowing

Driver – director of the work gangs (fear of the lash) Frederick Douglas – Abolitionist ( former slave)

AFRICAN AMERICANS– 3.6 million living in the south – 93% were slaves

Task system – workers were given a set of tasks and once completed they had the rest of time free

Gang system – slaves organized into gangs & worked from sun up to sundown – planting, cultivating, picking, plowing

Driver – director of the work gangs (fear of the lash) Frederick Douglas – Abolitionist ( former slave)

Free African Americans

By 1850 225,000 free African Americans resided in the south Descendents from indentured

servitude Earned freedom from fighting in the

revolution Some bought their freedom Slave owners set them free

Coping with Enslavement

Culture – centered around religion – most were Christian and gathered together to pray for a better life and share their experiences Influences – GULLLAH – goober, voodoo

Resistance – Denmark Vesey/ Nat Turner

Growing Sectionalism

Monroe's Era of Good Feeling could not ward off the growing sectionalism concerning a most divisive issue of slavery

1819 Missouri applied for state hood – Union consisted of 11 Free and 11 slave states – upset political balance in the Senate

Solution – Maine applied to the Union as a separate free state from MAS – balancing political power in the Senate

Jesse Thomas of Illinois then proposes an amendment – prohibit slavery north of Missouri in the Louisiana Territory and allow it south of the Missouri (36/30)