Natres 2 Digest

7/23/2019 Natres 2 Digest

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ANCHETA, Milagros Ramona Valerie D.

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES vs VERGARA ET AL.

FACTS:

On July 4, 1992, a eam !om"ose# o$ #e"ui%e# &is' (ar#en an#

)resi#en o$ 'e *eye &is' (ar#en Asso!iaion Jesus +in#oy, "oli!e

o$$i!ers o$ 'e )alo )N) aion, *eye, an# $is' -ar#ens o$ 'e De"armen

o$ Agri!ulure -ere on oar# /Bantay-Dagat,/ a "um"oa on /"re0eni0e

"arol/ along 'e muni!i"al -aers $roning barangays+aras an# Can#a'ug

o$ )alo, *eye. T'ey !'an!e# u"on a $is'ing oa manne# y a""ellanVergara an# 'is 'ree !oa!!use# Cuesa, Dagao an# Cuesa, Jr. T'e

eam sa- Vergara 'ro- ino 'e sea a ole 3no-n in 'e lo!aliy as

/badil/ !onaining ammonium nirae an# 'a0ing a lasing !a" on o"

-'i!', -'en ignie# an# 'ro-n ino 'e -aer, !oul# e"lo#e. T'e

e"losion -oul# in#is!riminaely 3ill s!'ools an# 0arious s"e!ies o$ $is'

-i'in a !erain ra#ius. T'ree se!on#s a$er Vergara 'a# 'ro-n 'e /badil/

ino 'e sea, 'e e"losion o!!urre#. Vergara an# Cuesa #o0e ino 'e sea

-i' 'eir gear -'ile Dagao an# Cuesa, Jr., saye# on oar# o en# o'e air 'ose $or 'e #i0ers. T'e eam a""roa!'e# 'e $is'ing oa an#

momens laer, Vergara an# Cuesa sur$a!e#, ea!' !arrying a $is'ne or

/sio/ $ille# -i' aou a 3ilo o$ /bolinao/ $is' s!oo"e# $rom un#er 'e

-aer. T'e $our a!!use# -ere a""re'en#e# an# a3en y 'e "arol eam o

'e /+anayDaga/ saion a +aras, an# laer o 'e "oli!e saion in )alo,

*eye. T'e $is'ing oa an# is "ara"'ernalia, as -ell as 'e -o $is'nes o$

/bolinao,/ -ere im"oun#e#.

Vergara alone -as arraigne# an# roug' o rial as 'e o'er !oa!!use# es!a"e# an# remaine# a large. On rial, 'e !laime# 'a i -as

ano'er uni#eni$ie# grou" o$ $is'ermen -'o 're- 'e ole o$ e"losi0es

a a s!'ool o$ /bolinao/ $is'. Ho-e0er, 'e lo-er !our !on0i!e# 'e

a!!use#, 'en!e 'e a""eal.

ISSUE:

('e'er Vergara an# !oa!!use# are guily o$ 0iolaion o$ e!ions

55 an# 56 o$ ).D. No. 784, as amen#e# y ).D. No. 186.


2/25


RULING:

:es. T'e u"reme Cour is !on0in!e# 'a 'e rial !our 'as a!e#

!orre!ly in $in#ing a!!use#a""ellan guily o$ 'e o$$ense !'arge#.

e!ions 55 an# 56 o$ ).D. No. 784, as amen#e# y ).D. No. 186, rea#;

e!. 55. Illegal fishing; illegal possession of explosives

intended for illegal fishing; dealing in illegally caught fish or

fishery/aquatic products. < = s'all e unla-$ul $or any "erson

o !a!', a3e or ga'er or !ause o e !aug', a3en or

ga'ere# $is' or $is'ery>a?uai! "ro#u!s in )'ili""ine -aers

-i' 'e use o$ e"losi0es, onoious or "oisonous susan!e,

or y 'e use o$ ele!ri!iy as #e$ine# in "aragra"'s @1, @m an#@#, res"e!i0ely, o$ se!ion 5 'ereo$; Provided, T'a mere

"ossession o$ su!' e"losi0es -i' inen o use 'e same $or

illegal $is'ing as 'erein #e$ine# s'all e "unis'ale as

'ereina$er "ro0i#e#; Provided, T'a 'e e!reary may, u"on

re!ommen#aion o$ 'e Dire!or an# suBe! o su!' sa$eguar#s

an# !on#iions 'e #eems ne!essary, allo- $or resear!',

e#u!aional or s!ieni$i! "ur"oses only, 'e use o$ e"losi0es,

onoious or "oisonous susan!e or ele!ri!iy o !a!', a3eor ga'er $is' or $is'ery>a?uai! "ro#u!s in s"e!i$ie#

area; Provided further, T'a 'e use o$ !'emi!als o era#i!ae

"re#aors in $is'"on#s in a!!or#an!e -i' a!!e"e# s!ieni$i!

$is'ery "ra!i!es -i'ou !ausing #eleerious e$$e!s in

neig'oring -aers s'all no e !onsrue# as 'e use o$

onoious or "oisonous susan!e -i'in 'e meaning o$ 'is

se!ion; Provided, finally, T'a 'e use o$ me!'ani!al oms $or

3illing -'ales, !ro!o#iles, s'ar3s or o'er large #angerous

$is'es, may e allo-e#, suBe! o 'e a""ro0al o$ 'e e!reary.

e!. 56. @1 +y 'e "enaly o$ im"risonmen ranging $rom -el0e

@12 years o -eny$i0e @2 years in 'e !ase o$ mere

"ossession o$ e"losi0es inen#e# $or illegal $is'ing y

im"risonmen ranging $rom -eny @28 years o li$e

im"risonmen, i$ 'e e"losi0e is a!ually use#; )ro0i#e#, T'a i$

'e use o$ 'e e"losi0e resuls in 1 "'ysi!al inBury o any

"erson, 'e "enaly s'all e im"risonmen ranging $rom -eny$i0e @2 years o li$e im"risonmen, or 2 in 'e loss o$ 'uman

li$e, 'en 'e "enaly s'all e li$e im"risonmen o #ea'.


3/25


LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY vs

COURT OF APPEALS, HON. MANUEL JN. SERAPIO, HON. MACARIO

A. ASISTIO, JR., and/! THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF CALOOCAN

FACTS:

T'e Ciy o0ernmen o$ Caloo!an #is"ose# o$ a""roimaely 58

ons o$ garage #aily in Tala Esae, +arangay Camarin agains 'e -is'es

o$ lo!al resi#ens, -'o -ere !on!erne# aou 'e en0ironmenal an# 'eal'

im"a! o$ 'e #um"sie. =n Mar!' 1991, 'e Tas3 &or!e Camarin Dum"sie

o$ Our *a#y o$ *our#es )aris' $ile# a !om"lain -i' 'e *aguna *a3eDe0elo"men Au'oriy @**DA. T'e !om"lain soug' o en# 'e o"eraion

o$ 'e #um"sie, e!ause o$ 'e #um"sies F'arm$ul e$$e!s on 'e 'eal' o$

'e resi#ens an# 'e "ossiiliy o$ "olluion o$ 'e -aer !onen o$ 'e

surroun#ing area.G An **DA in0esigaion $oun# 'a 'e Ciy o0ernmen

o$ Caloo!an -as mainaining 'e #um"sie -i'ou a legally re?uire#

En0ironmenal Com"lian!e Ceri$i!ae @ECC. usen?uenly, 'e **DA

issue# a Cease an# Desis Or#er o'e Ciy o0ernmen o$ Caloo!an,

as3ing 'em, 'e Mero"olian Manila Au'oriy, an# any !onra!ors oro'er eniies o so" o"eraing 'e Camarin #um"sie. T'e #um"ing

so""e# $or a $e- mon's, u resume# again in Augus 1992. T'e **DA

$ile# ano'er Cease an# Desis Or#er 'a mon', an# in e"emer -en

so $ar as o "ro'ii enry o$ all garage #um" ru!3s ino Tala Esae. =n

e"emer o$ 1992, T'e Ciy o0ernmen o$ Caloo!an $ile# a "eiion


4/25


see3ing o e #e!lare# F'e sole au'oriy em"o-ere# o "romoe 'e

'eal' an# sa$ey an# en'an!e 'e rig' o$ 'e "eo"le in Caloo!an Ciy o a

alan!e# e!ology -i'in is erriorial Buris#i!ion.G T'is or#er -oul# ren#er

any **DA Cease an# Desis Or#ers agains 'e Ciy o0ernmen o$

Caloo!an null an# 0oi#. T'e rial !our an# 'e Cour o$ A""eal grane# 'eCiy o0ernmen o$ Caloo!an 'is or#er an# rule# 'a 'e *a3e *aguna

De0elo"men Au'oriy 'a# no "o-er an# au'oriy o issue a !ease an#

#esis or#er enBoining 'e #um"ing o$ garage. T'e **DA a""eale# o 'e

u"reme Cour.

ISSUE:

('e'er or no 'e **DA 'as 'e au'oriy o enerain 'e !om"lain

agains 'e #um"ing o$ garage in 'e o"en #um"sie in +arangay Camarin

au'ori%e# y 'e Ciy o0ernmen o$ Caloo!an.

RULING:

:es. T'e maer o$ #eermining -'e'er 'ere is su!' "olluion o$ 'een0ironmen 'a re?uires !onrol, i$ no "ro'iiion, o$ 'e o"eraion o$ a

usiness esalis'men is essenially a##resse# o 'e En0ironmenal

Managemen +ureau @EM+ o$ 'e DENR. A )olluion A#Bu#i!aion +oar#

@)A+ un#er 'e O$$i!e o$ 'e DENR e!reary no- assumes 'e "o-ers

an# $un!ions o$ 'e Naional )olluion Conrol Commission -i' res"e! o

a#Bu#i!aion o$ "olluion !ases.

As a general rule, 'e a#Bu#i!aion o$ "olluion !ases generally"erains o 'e )olluion A#Bu#i!aion +oar# @)A+, e!e" in !ases -'ere

'e s"e!ial la- "ro0i#es $or ano'er $orum. = mus e re!ogni%e# in 'is

regar# 'a 'e **DA, as a s"e!iali%e# a#minisrai0e agen!y, is s"e!i$i!ally

man#ae# un#er Re"uli! A! No. 468 an# is amen#aory la-s o !arry

ou an# ma3e e$$e!i0e 'e #e!lare# naional "oli!y o$ "romoing an#

a!!eleraing 'e #e0elo"men an# alan!e# gro-' o$ 'e *aguna *a3e

area an# 'e surroun#ing "ro0in!es o$ Ri%al an# *aguna an# 'e !iies o$

an )alo, Manila, )asay, ue%on an# Caloo!an with due regard and

adequate provisions for environental anageent and control,

preservation of the quality of huan life and ecological systes, and the

prevention of undue ecological disturbances, deterioration and pollution.

In#er su!' a roa# gran an# "o-er an# au'oriy, 'e **DA, y 0irue o$

is s"e!ial !'arer, o0iously 'as 'e res"onsiiliy o "roe! 'e in'aians


5/25


o$ 'e *aguna *a3e region $rom 'e #eleerious e$$e!s o$ "olluans

emanaing $rom 'e #is!'arge o$ -ases $rom 'e surroun#ing areas. =n

!arrying ou 'e a$oremenione# #e!lare# "oli!y, 'e **DA is man#ae#,

among o'ers, o "ass u"on an# a""ro0e or #isa""ro0e all "lans,

"rograms, an# "roBe!s "ro"ose# y lo!al go0ernmen o$$i!es>agen!ies-i'in 'e region, "uli! !or"oraions, an# "ri0ae "ersons or ener"rises

-'ere su!' "lans, "rograms an#>or "roBe!s are relae# o 'ose o$ 'e

**DA $or 'e #e0elo"men o$ 'e region.

=n 'e insan !ase, -'en 'e !om"lainan Tas3 &or!e Camarin

Dum"sie o$ Our *a#y o$ *our#es )aris', +arangay Camarin, Caloo!an

Ciy, $ile# is leer!om"lain e$ore 'e **DA, 'e laers Buris#i!ion un#er

is !'arer -as 0ali#ly in0o3e# y !om"lainan on 'e asis o$ is allegaion

'a 'e o"en #um"sie "roBe! o$ 'e Ciy o0ernmen o$ Caloo!an in

+arangay Camarin -as un#era3en -i'ou a !learan!e $rom 'e **DA, as

re?uire# un#er e!ion 4, "ar. @#, o$ Re"uli! A!. No. 468, as amen#e#

y ).D. No. 615 an# Ee!ui0e Or#er No. 927. ('ile 'ere is also an

allegaion 'a 'e sai# "roBe! -as -i'ou an En0ironmenal Com"lian!e

Ceri$i!ae $rom 'e En0ironmenal Managemen +ureau @EM+ o$ 'e

DENR, 'e "rimary Buris#i!ion o$ 'e **DA o0er 'is !ase -as re!ogni%e#

y 'e EM+ o$ 'e DENR -'en 'e laer a!e# as inerme#iary a 'e

meeing among 'e re"resenai0es o$ 'e Ciy o0ernmen o$ Caloo!an,

Tas3 &or!e Camarin Dum"sie an# **DA someime in July 1992 o #is!uss

'e "ossiiliy o$ reo"ening 'e o"en #um"sie.

HI"ON vs COURT OF APPEALS

FACTS:

A!!use# !re- memers an# $is'ermen o$ &>+ Roinson o-ne# y

&irs &is'ermen &is'ing =n#usries, =n!., re"resene# y 'e o-ner, Ri!'ar#

Hi%on, -ere !aug' $is'ing -i' 'e use o$ so#ium !yani#e o$ more or less 1

om o$ li0e $is' a )uero )rin!esa Ciy, )ala-an. )N) Tas3 &or!e +anay

Daga !aug' 'e a!!use#. =n 'e !ourse o$ 'eir ins"e!ion, 'e "oli!e sa-

-o $oreigners in 'e !a"ains #e!3. T'ey eamine# 'eir "ass"ors an#$oun# 'em o e mere "'oo!o"ies. T'e "oli!e also #is!o0ere# a large

a?uarium $ull o$ li0e la"ula"u an# assore# $is' -eig'ing a""roimaely

one on a 'e oom o$ 'e oa. T'ey !'e!3e# 'e li!ense o$ 'e oa an#

is $is'ermen an# $oun# 'em o e in or#er. T'e a!!use# -ere !'arge#

-i' 0iolaion un#er e!. 55 )D No. 784, also 3no-n as 'e &is'eries


6/25


De!ree o$ 197. T'e a!!use# -ere arraigne# an# "lea#e# no guily o$

!'arge#. T'ey !laime# 'a 'ey !aug' $is' using 'oo3 an# line me'o#

an# no 'e allege# so#ium !yani#e. T'e RTC $oun# 'e a!!use# guily. On

a""eal, CA a$$irme# 'e #e!ision o$ 'e RTC.

ISSUE:

('e'er or no 'e #e!ision o$ 'e RTC an# CA is "ro"er 'a 'e

a!!use# -ere guily o$ illegal $is'ing using onoious an# "oisonous

susan!es.

RULING:

T'e C re0erse# 'e #e!ision o$ RTC an# CA an# 'el# 'a 'e

a!!use# are no guily o$ !'arge#. T'e )N) $aile# o e"lain !onra#i!ory

$in#ings 'a 'e $is' sam"les raise a reasonale #ou 'a 'e one on o$

$is' -as !aug' -i' 'e use o$ so#ium !yani#e. Moreo0er, C !onen#e#

'a 'e au'oriies $oun# no'ing on 'e oa 'a -oul# 'a0e in#i!e# 'e

a!!use# o$ any $orm o$ illegal $is'ing an# 'a i -as only a$er 'e $is's"e!imens -ere ese#, alei un#er sus"i!ious !ir!umsan!es, 'a 'e

a!!use# -ere !'arge# -i' illegal $is'ing -i' 'e use o$ "oisonous

susan!es.

HEIRS OF NAVARRO vs INTERMEDIATE APELLATE COURT


7/25


FACTS:

On O!oer 5, 194K, in$oroso )as!ual, $ile# an a""li!aion $or

$ores'ore lease !o0ering a ra! o$ $ores'ore lan# in +aaan 'a0ing an area

o$ a""roimaely se0eneen @17 'e!ares. T'is a""li!aion -as #enie# as-ell as 'is moion $or re!onsi#eraion. use?uenly, "eiioners

"re#e!essorinineres, Emiliano Na0arro, $ile# a $is'"on# a""li!aion -i'

'e +ureau o$ &is'eries !o0ering -eny $i0e @2 'e!ares o$ $ores'ore lan#

also in +aaan. T'e a""li!aion -as #enie# y 'e Dire!or o$ &is'eries on

'e groun# 'a 'e "ro"ery $orme# "ar o$ 'e "uli! #omain. I"on

moion $or re!onsi#eraion, 'e Dire!or o$ &is'eries ga0e #ue !ourse o 'is

a""li!aion u only o 'e een o$ se0en @7 'e!ares o$ 'e "ro"ery as

may e !eri$ie# y 'e +ureau o$ &oresry as suiale $or $is'"on#

"ur"oses.

T'e Muni!i"al Coun!il o$ +alanga, +aaan, 'a# o""ose# Emiliano

Na0arros a""li!aion. Aggrie0e# y 'e #e!ision o$ 'e Dire!or o$

&is'eries, i a""eale# o 'e e!reary o$ Naural Resour!es -'o, 'o-e0er,

a$$irme# 'e gran. T'e 'en Ee!ui0e e!reary, a!ing in e'al$ o$ 'e

)resi#en o$ 'e )'ili""ines, similarly a$$irme# 'e gran. On 'e o'er 'an#,

in$oroso )as!ual $ile# an a""li!aion o regiser an# !on$irm 'is ile o a

"ar!el o$ lan#. )as!ual !laime# 'a 'is lan# is an a!!reion o 'is "ro"ery.He !laime# 'e a!!reion as 'e ri"arian o-ner.

On Mar!' 2, 19K8, 'e Dire!or o$ *an#s, re"resene# y 'e

Assisan oli!ior eneral, $ile# an o""osiion 'ereo saing 'a nei'er

)as!ual nor 'is "re#e!essorsinineres "ossesse# su$$i!ien ile o 'e

suBe! "ro"ery, 'e same eing a "orion o$ 'e "uli! #omain an#,

'ere$ore, i elongs o 'e Re"uli! o$ 'e )'ili""ines. T'e Dire!or o$

&oresry, 'roug' 'e )ro0in!ial &is!al, similarly o""ose# )as!uals

a""li!aion $or 'e same reason as 'a a#0an!e# y 'e Dire!or o$ *an#s.

*aer on, 'o-e0er, 'e Dire!or o$ *an#s -i'#re- 'is o""osiion. T'e

Dire!or o$ &oresry e!ome 'e sole o""osior.

Na0arro 'ereu"on $ile# an o""osiion o )as!uals

a""li!aion. Na0arro !laime# 'a 'e lan# soug' o e regisere# 'as

al-ays een "ar o$ 'e "uli! #omain, i eing a "ar o$ 'e $ores'ore o$

Manila +ay 'a 'e -as a lessee an# in "ossession o$ a "ar o$ 'e suBe!

"ro"ery y 0irue o$ a $is'"on# "ermi issue# y 'e +ureau o$ &is'eriesan# !on$irme# y 'e O$$i!e o$ 'e )resi#en an# 'a 'e 'a# alrea#y

!on0ere# 'e area !o0ere# y 'e lease ino a $is'"on#. T'e !ase -as

#e!i#e# a#0ersely agains )as!ual. T'us, )as!ual a""eale# o 'e =AC

@CA. On a""eal, 'e res"on#en !our re0erse# 'e $in#ings o$ 'e !our a


8/25


quoan# grane# 'e "eiion $or regisraion o$ 'e suBe! "ro"ery u

e!lu#ing 'ere$rom $i$y @8 meers $rom !orner 2 o-ar#s !orner 1 an#

$i$y meers @8 meers $rom !orner o-ar#s !orner K o$ 'e )su17161.

)ursuan o 'e a$ore!ie# #e!ision, 'e res"on#en a""ellae !our or#ere#

'e issuan!e o$ 'e !orres"on#ing #e!ree o$ regisraion in 'e name o$"ri0ae res"on#ens an# 'e re0ersion o "ri0ae res"on#ens o$ 'e

"ossession o$ 'e "orion o$ 'e suBe! "ro"ery in!lu#e# in Na0arros

$is'"on# "ermi.

ISSUE:

('e'er or no 'e "eiioners !an rig'$ully !laim 'e lan# un#er 'e"rin!i"le o$ a!!reion.

RULING:

)ri0ae res"on#ens !laim o$ o-ners'i" o0er 'e #is"ue# "ro"ery

un#er 'e "rin!i"le o$ a!!reion is mis"la!e#.

&irs, 'e ile o$ "ri0ae res"on#ens o-n ra! o$ lan# re0eals is

nor'easern oun#ary o e Manila +ay. )ri0ae res"on#ens lan#,

'ere$ore, use# o a#Boin, or#er or $ron 'e Manila +ay an# no any o$ 'e

-o ri0ers -'ose orrenial a!ion, "ri0ae res"on#ens insis, is o a!!oun

$or 'e a!!reion on 'eir lan#. =n $a!, one o$ 'e "ri0ae res"on#ens,

ul"i!io )as!ual, esi$ie# in o"en !our 'a 'e -a0es o$ Manila +ay use#

o 'i 'e #is"ue# lan# eing "ar o$ 'e ays $ores'ore u, a$er 'e 'a#

"lane# "ala"a an# a3a-an rees 'ereon in 1946, 'e lan# egan o rise.

Moreo0er, 'ere is no #is"ue as o 'e lo!aion o$; @a 'e #is"ue# lan#

@ "ri0ae res"on#ens o-n ra! o$ lan# @! 'e Manila +ay an#, @# 'e

Talisay an# +ula!an Ri0ers. )ri0ae res"on#ens o-n lan# lies e-een 'e

Talisay an# +ula!an Ri0ers in $ron o$ 'eir lan# on 'e nor'ern si#e lies

no- 'e #is"ue# lan# -'ere e$ore 1946, 'ere lay 'e Manila +ay. =$ 'e

a!!reion -ere o e ariue# o 'e a!ion o$ ei'er or o' o$ 'e Talisay

an# +ula!an Ri0ers, 'e allu0ium s'oul# 'a0e een #e"osie# on ei'er or

o' o$ 'e easern an# -esern oun#aries o$ "ri0ae res"on#ens o-nra! o$ lan#, no on 'e nor'ern "orion 'ereo$ -'i!' is a#Ba!en o 'e

Manila +ay. Clearly la!3ing, 'us, is 'e 'ir# re?uisie o$ a!!reion, -'i!'

is, 'a 'e allu0ium is #e"osie# on 'e "orion o$ !laimans lan# -'i!' is

a#Ba!en o 'e ri0er an3.


9/25


e!on#, 'ere is no #is"ue as o 'e $a! 'a "ri0ae res"on#ens o-n

ra! o$ lan# a#Boins 'e Manila +ay. Manila +ay is o0iously no a ri0er,

an# Buris"ru#en!e is alrea#y sele# as o -'a 3in# o$ o#y o$ -aer 'e

Manila +ay is.

T'e #e!ision o$ 'e =AC is re0erse# an# se asi#e.

FRANCISCO CHAVE" vs NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY

FACTS:

=n 1996, 'en )resi#en Cora%on C. A?uino issue# Memoran#um

Or#er No. @MO 1K1 a""ro0ing an# #ire!ing 'e im"lemenaion o$ 'e

Com"re'ensi0e an# =negrae# Mero"olian Manila (ase Managemen

)lan @'e )lan. During 'is ime, mo3ey Mounain, a -aselan# in Ton#o,

Manila, are eing ma#e resi#en!e o$ many &ili"inos li0ing in a su'uman

sae.

&i$een 0arious go0ernmen #e"armens an# o$$i!es -ere as3e# oim"lemen 'e mo3ey Mounain De0elo"men an# Re!lamaion )roBe!

@MDR). "e!i$i!ally, res"on#en NHA -as or#ere# o F!on#u! $easiiliy

su#ies an# #e0elo" lo-!os 'ousing "roBe!s a 'e #um"sie an# asor

s!a0engers in NHA reselemen>lo-!os 'ousing "roBe!s.G On 'e o'er

'an#, 'e DENR -as as3e# o Fre0ie- an# e0aluae "ro"ose# "roBe!s

un#er 'e )lan -i' regar# o 'eir en0ironmenal im"a!, !on#u! regular

monioring o$ a!i0iies o$ 'e )lan o ensure !om"lian!e -i' en0ironmenal

san#ar#s an# assis DOH in 'e !on#u! o$ 'e su#y on 'os"ial -asemanagemen.G

DENR -as #ire!e# o @1 $a!iliae iling o$ mo3ey Mounain an# o$

'e area o e re!laime# an# @2 assis in 'e e!'ni!al e0aluaion o$

"ro"osals regar#ing en0ironmenal im"a! saemens.

Noi!es o$ "uli! i##ing o e!ome NHAs 0enure "arner $or

MDR) -ere "ulis'e# in ne-s"a"ers in 1992, $rom -'i!' R== +uil#ers,

=n!. @R+= -on 'e i##ing "ro!ess. T'en)resi#en Ramos au'ori%e#NHA o ener ino a Join Venure Agreemen -i' R+=.

T'e MDR) s'all !onsis o$ )'ase = an# )'ase ==. )'ase = o$ 'e

"roBe! in0ol0es !learing, le0elingo$$ 'e #um"sie, an# !onsru!ion o$

em"orary 'ousing unis $or 'e !urren resi#ens on 'e !leare# an#


10/25


le0ele# sie. )'ase == in0ol0es 'e !onsru!ion o$ a $en!e# in!ineraion

area $or 'e onsie #is"osal o$ 'e garage a 'e #um"sie.

As a "reliminary se" in 'e "roBe! im"lemenaion, !onsulaions an#

#ialogues -ere !on#u!e# -i' 'e selers o$ 'e mo3ey MounainDum"sie Area. A 'e same ime, DENR sare# "ro!essing 'e a""li!aion

$or 'e En0ironmenal Clearan!e Ceri$i!ae @ECC o$ 'e MDR). As a

resul 'o-e0er o$ 'e !onsulai0e #ialogues, "uli! 'earings, 'e re"or on

'e onsie $iel# !on#iions, 'e En0ironmenal =m"a! aemen @E=

"ulis'e# on A"ril 29 an# May 12, 1995 as re?uire# y 'e En0ironmenal

Managemen +ureau o$ DENR, 'e e0aluaion o$ 'e DENR, an# 'e

re!ommen#aions $rom o'er go0ernmen agen!ies, i -as #is!o0ere# 'a

#esign !'anges an# a##iional -or3 'a0e o e un#era3en o su!!ess$ully

im"lemen 'e )roBe!.

On June 25, 1994, 'e Clean Air A! -as "asse#. T'e A! ma#e 'e

esalis'men o$ an in!ineraor illegal an# e$$e!i0ely arre# 'e

im"lemenaion o$ 'e "lanne# in!ineraor "roBe! un#er )'ase == ma3ing

'e o$$sie #is"osal o$ 'e garage a 'e mo3ey Mounain e!ame

ne!essary.

On Augus 1, 1996, 'e "roBe! -as sus"en#e#, o e laerre!onsiue# y )resi#en Esra#a in MO No. 55.

ISSUE:

('e'er or no 'e res"on#ens NHA an# R+= -ere gi0en 'e "o-er

an# au'oriy y DENR o re!laim $ores'ore an# sumerge# lan#s.

RULING:

No-i'san#ing 'e nee# $or DENR "ermission, 'e DENR is

#eeme# o 'a0e grane# 'e au'oriy o re!laim in 'e mo3ey Mounain

)roBe! $or 'e DENR is one o$ 'e memers o$ 'e ELECOM -'i!'

"ro0i#es re0ie-s $or 'e "roBe!. ECCs an# "e!ial )aen Or#ers -ere

gi0en y 'e DENR -'i!' are eer!ises o$ is "o-er o$ su"er0ision o0er 'e"roBe!. &ur'ermore, i -as 'e )resi#en 0ia 'e ao0emenione# MOs

'a originally au'ori%e# 'e re!lamaion. = mus e noe# 'a 'e

re!lamaion o$ lan#s o$ "uli! #omain is re"ose# $irs in 'e )'ili""ine

)resi#en.


11/25



12/25


GREATER METROPOLITAN MANILA SOLID #ASTE MANAGEMENT

COMMITTE AND METROPOLITAN MANILA DEVELOPMENT

AUTHORITY

vs

JANCOM ENVIRONMENTAL CORPORATION

FACTS:

T'en )resi#en &i#el V. Ramos !reae# an Ee!ui0e Commiee o

o0ersee an# #e0elo" -aseoenergy "roBe!s $or 'e -ase #is"osal siesin an Maeo, Ri%al an# Carmona, Ca0ie un#er 'e +uil#O"eraeTrans$er

@+OT s!'eme. )ursuan o 'is s!'eme, JANCOM "ari!i"ae# in 'e

i##ing an# -on. T'erea$er, a Conra! $or +OT im"lemenaion o$ 'e

oli# (ase Managemen )roBe! $or 'e an Maeo, Ri%al (ase Dis"osal

ie -as enere# ino y 'e Re"uli! o$ 'e )'ili""ines an# JANCOM. T'e

!onra! -as sumie# $or a""ro0al o )resi#en Ramos -'o suse?uenly

en#orse# i o 'en in!oming )resi#en Jose"' E. Esra#a. Ho-e0er, o-ing

o 'e !lamor o$ 'e resi#ens o$ Ri%al, 'e Esra#a a#minisraion or#ere#

'e !losure o$ 'e an Maeo lan#$ill. MM(MC 'ereu"on a#o"e# a

Resoluion no o "ursue 'e !onra! -i' JANCOM, !iing 'e "assage o$

Re"uli! A! 6749, o'er-ise 3no-n as 'e Clean Air A! o$ 1999, 'e non

a0ailailiy o$ 'e an Maeo sie, an# !osly i""ing $ees as reasons

'ere$or. JANCOM 'en $ile# a "eiion $or !eriorari -i' 'e RTC, assering

'a 'e MM(MC Resoluion is illegal an# 0oi#. T'e RTC an# 'e CA

o' rule# in $a0or o$ JANCOM, saying 'a 'ere is a 0ali# an# "er$e!e#

!onra! e-een 'e "aries. MM(MC 'en $ile# a "eiion $or re0ie-

e$ore 'e u"reme Cour -'i!', in is #e!ision, a$$irme# 'e ruling o$ 'eCA an# #e!lare# 'a 'e !onra! enere# ino -as in#ee# 0ali# an#

"er$e!e#, alei ine$$e!i0e an# unim"lemenale "en#ing a""ro0al y 'e

)resi#en.

No long 'erea$er, MM(MC an# JANCOM enere# ino

negoiaions o mo#i$y !erain "ro0isions o$ 'e !onra!. Ho-e0er,

JANCOM, relying on 'e sai# #e!ision o$ 'e C, $ile# an Omnius Moion

e$ore 'e RTC, "raying 'a "eiioners mus e "ro'iie# an# enBoine#$rom !alling $or, a!!e"ing, e0aluaing, a""ro0ing, a-ar#ing, negoiaing or

im"lemening all i#s, a-ar#s an# !onra!s in0ol0ing o'er Mero Manila

-ase managemen "roBe!s. T'e RTC an# CA on!e more rule# in $a0or o$

JANCOM, 'en!e 'is "eiion $or re0ie- $ile# -i' 'e u"reme Cour.

MM(MC !onen#s 'a 'e ne- !onra! is sill ine$$e!i0e an#


13/25


unim"lemenale unil 'e same is a""ro0e# y 'e )resi#en.

ISSUE:

('e'er or no MM(MC an# MMDA may e !om"elle# o

ee!ue 'e erms o$ 'eir !onra! -i' JANCOM.

RULING:

No, al'oug' 'e Cour sae# in 'e "re0ious #e!ision 'a 'ere is a

"er$e!e# !onra!, 'e "eiioners sill may no e !om"elle# o ee!ue is

erms e!ause o$ 'e asen!e o$ 'e a""ro0al y 'e )resi#en. Ari!le 19

o$ 'e !onra! "ro0i#es 'a FT'is Conra! s'all e!ome e$$e!i0e u"on

a""ro0al y 'e )resi#en o$ 'e Re"uli! o$ 'e )'ili""ines "ursuan o

eising *a-s suBe! o !on#iion "re!e#en in Ari!le 16.G

Regar#ing 'e mo#i$ie# !onra! 'a 'e "aries enere# ino, 'e

"aries #i# no ge "as 'e negoiaion sage e!ause no meeing o$ min#s

-as esalis'e#. ('ile i is rue 'a 'ere -as an iniial o$$er ma#e, 'ere

-as no a!!e"an!e. T'e rule is 'a only an asolue or un?uali$ie#

a!!e"an!e o$ a #e$inie o$$er mani$ess 'e !onsen ne!essary o "er$e! a

!onra!. =n lig' o$ 'is #is!ussion, "eiioners MM(MC an# MMDA are

!orre! in no ee!uing 'e !onra! e!ause o$ 'e asen!e o$ 'e

a""ro0al o$ 'e )resi#en.


14/25


HILARION M. HENARES, JR. vs LTFR$ and DOTC

FACTS:

)eiioners re?uire )IVs o use !om"resse# naural gas @CN as

alernai0e $uel 'roug' a !'allenge o 'e Hig'er Cour o issue a -ri o$

man#amus o res"on#ens e!ause o$ a saisi!al #aa 'a allege 'a"ari!ulae maers @)M -'i!' is a !om"le miures o$ #us, #ir, smo3e,

an# li?ui# #ro"les, 0arying in si%es an# !om"osiions emie# ino 'e air

$rom 0arious engine !omusions $rom #iesel"o-ere# 0e'i!les 'a0e

!ause# #erimenal e$$e!s on 'eal', "ro#u!i0iy, in$rasru!ure, an# o0erall


15/25


?ualiy o$ li$e. T'e $uel emissions $rom engine !omusions also !ause

rear#aion an# lea$ lea!'ing in "lans, !an #isru" 'e ne!essary oygen

in loo#, an# !an e le'al o "eo"le -i' -ea3 'ears. )eiioners re$er o

'e su#y o$ 'e )'ili""ine En0ironmen Monior 2882, saing 'a in $our o$

'e !ounrys maBor !iies su!' as Mero Manila, Da0ao, Ceu, an# +aguio,'e e"osure o )M18 !auses serious 'eal' "rolems. &ur'ermore,

su#ies $rom 'e Ini0ersiy o$ 'e )'ili""ines also s'o- 'a 0e'i!ular

emissions in Mero Manila 'a0e resule# o 'e "re0alen!e o$ !'roni!

osru!i0e "ulmonary #iseases @CO)D among Bee"ney #ri0ers. Hen!e,

'e "eiioners "ro"ose 'e use o$ CN, a naural gas !om"rise# mosly o$

me'ane -'i!' is !olorless an# o#orless an# !onsi#ere# 'e !leanes $ossil

$uel 'an !oal an# "eroleum. )eiioners assere# 'eir rig' o !lean air

an# !onen# 'a 'e ases $or 'eir "eiion $or a -ri o$ man#amus o or#erres"on#ens *T&R+ o re?uire 'e use o$ CN.

T'e oli!ior eneral noes 'a no'ing in Re". A! No. 6749 'a

"eiioners in0o3e "ro'iis 'e use o$ gasoline an# #iesel y o-ners o$

moor 0e'i!les. Re". A! No. 6749 #oes no e0en menion 'e eisen!e o$

CN as alernai0e $uel an# a0ers 'a unless 'is la- is amen#e# o

"ro0i#e CN as alernai0e $uel $or )IVs, 'e res"on#ens !anno "ro"ose

'a )IVs use CN as alernai0e $uel.

T'e oli!ior eneral also a##s 'a i is 'e DENR 'a is as3e# o

im"lemen Re". A! No. 6749 an# no 'e *T&R+ nor 'e DOTC. Moreo0er,

'e says, i is 'e De"armen o$ Energy @DOE, un#er e!ion 2K o$ Re".

A! No. 6749 'a is re?uire# o se 'e s"e!i$i!aions $or all y"es o$ $uel

an# $uelrelae# "ro#u!s o im"ro0e $uel !om"osiions $or im"ro0e#

e$$i!ien!y an# re#u!e# emissions. He a##s 'a un#er e!ion 21 o$ 'e

!ie# Re"uli! A!, 'e DOTC is limie# o im"lemening 'e emission

san#ar#s $or moor 0e'i!les, an# 'e 'erein res"on#ens !anno aler,!'ange or mo#i$y 'e emission san#ar#s. )eiioners, insis 'a 'e

res"on#ens "ossess 'e a#minisrai0e an# regulaory "o-ers o

im"lemen measures in a!!or#an!e -i' 'e "oli!ies an# "rin!i"les

man#ae# y Re". A! No. 6749.

ISSUE:

('e'er or no 'e res"on#en !an e !om"elle# o re?uire "uli!

uiliy 0e'i!les o use !om"resse# naural gas 'roug' a -ri o$ man#amus


16/25


RULING:

=n 'is "eiion 'e legal rig' -'i!' is soug' o e re!ogni%e# an#

en$or!e# 'inges on a !onsiuional an# a sauory "oli!y alrea#y

ari!ulae# in o"eraional erms, e!g!=n Re". A! No. 6749, 'e )'ili""ineClean Air A! o$ 1999. )aragra"' @a, e!ion 21 o$ 'e A! s"e!i$i!ally

"ro0i#es 'a -'en )IVs are !on!erne#, 'e res"onsiiliy o$ im"lemening

'e "oli!y $alls on res"on#en DOTC. = "ro0i#es as $ollo-s;

EC 21. Pollution fro "otor #ehicles. a T%& DOTCs'all

im"lemen 'e emission san#ar#s $or moor 0e'i!les se "ursuan o

an# as "ro0i#e# in 'is A!. To $ur'er im"ro0e 'e emission

san#ar#s, 'e De"armen DENR s'all re0ie-, re0ise an# "ulis'

'e san#ar#s e0ery -o @2 years, or as 'e nee# arises. = s'all

!onsi#er 'e maimum limis $or all maBor "olluans o ensure

susanial im"ro0emen in air ?ualiy $or 'e 'eal', sa$ey an#

-el$are o$ 'e general "uli!.

)aragra"' @ saes;

+ T'e De"armen DENR in !ollaoraion -i' 'e DOTC, DT= an#

*Is, s'all #e0elo" an a!ion "lan $or 'e !onrol an# managemeno$ air "olluion $rom moor 0e'i!les !onsisen -i' 'e =negrae# Air

ualiy &rame-or3 . . . . @Em"'asis su""lie#.

T'ere is no #is"ue 'a un#er 'e Clean Air A! i is 'e DENR 'a is

as3e# o se 'e emission san#ar#s $or $uel use an# 'e as3 o$ #e0elo"ing

an a!ion "lan. As $ar as moor 0e'i!les are !on!erne#, i #e0ol0es u"on

'e DOTC an# 'e line agen!y -'ose man#ae is o o0ersee 'a moor

0e'i!les "re"are an a!ion "lan an# im"lemen 'e emission san#ar#s $or

moor 0e'i!les, namely 'e *T&R+.

= is 'e $irm elie$ o$ 'is Cour 'a in 'is !ase, i is imely o rea$$irm

'e "remium -e 'a0e "la!e# on 'e "roe!ion o$ 'e en0ironmen in 'e

lan#mar3 !ase o$ $posa!:e, as serious as 'e saisi!s are on air

"olluion, -i' 'e "resen $uels #eeme# oi! as 'ey are o 'e

en0ironmen, as $aal as 'ese "olluans are o 'e 'eal' o$ 'e !ii%ens,

an# urgenly re?uiring resor o #rasi! measures o re#u!e air "olluans

emie# y moor 0e'i!les, -e mus a#mi in "ari!ular 'a "eiioners areunale o "in"oin 'e la- 'a im"oses an in#uiale legal #uy on

res"on#ens 'a -ill Busi$y a gran o$ 'e -ri o$ man#amus !om"elling 'e

use o$ CN $or "uli! uiliy 0e'i!les. = a""ears o us 'a more "ro"erly,

'e legislaure s'oul# "ro0i#e $irs 'e s"e!i$i! sauory reme#y o 'e

!om"le en0ironmenal "rolems are# y 'erein "eiioners e$ore any


17/25


Bu#i!ial re!ourse y man#amus is a3en.


18/25


A"UCENA O. SALALIMA vs EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION

COMMISSION and SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

FACTS:

T'e !ase a ar is aou 'e #enial o$ 'e Em"loyees Com"ensaion

Commission o "eiioners !laim $or !om"ensaion ene$is resuling $rom

'e #ea' o$ 'er 'usan#, Juan!'o alalima, un#er )resi#enial De!ree

No. K2K, as amen#e#. Juan!'o . alalima @'usan#, -as em"loye# $or

29 years as a roue 'el"er an# suse?uenly as roue salesman $or 'eMey!auayan )lan o$ Co!aCola +olers )'ils., =n!or"orae#. =n an annual

!om"any me#i!al eaminaion, 'e -as #iagnose# -i' minimal "ulmonary

uer!ulosis an# 'roug' series o$ es 'en 'e -as #iagnose# o 'a0e

"neumonia. On &eruary 14, 199, 'e -as !on$ine# a 'e Ma3ai Me#i!al

Cener an# #ie# -o #ays laer on &eruary 1K, 199 #ue o


19/25


/A#eno!ar!inoma o$ 'e *ungs -i' -i#es"rea# measasis o Ne!3, +rain,

)erioneal Ca0iy, )ara!a0al *ym"' No#es, As!en A!ue Renal &ailure

e"i!emia I""er asroinesinal +lee#ing/.

A !laim $or !om"ensaion ene$is un#er ).D. K2K as amen#e# -as$ile# y 'is sur0i0ing -i$e, A%u!ena -i' 'e o!ial e!uriy ysem @.

+ran!' Manager Elnora Monenegro an# enior )'ysi!ians Cora%on

+on#o! an# Annaelle +oni$a!io re!ommen#e# 'e #enial o$ "eiioners

!laim on 'e groun# 'a A#eno!ar!inoma o$ 'e *ungs @Can!er o$ 'e

*ungs 'a# no !ausal relaions'i" -i' Juan!'os Bo as a roue

salesman. )eiioners moion $or re!onsi#eraion -as #enie#. Hen!e, s'e

roug' 'e !ase o 'e Em"loyees Com"ensaion Commission @ECC,

-'i!' a$$irme# 'e #e!ision o$ 'e .

)eiioner ele0ae# 'e !ase o 'e Cour o$ A""eals arguing 'a

Juan!'os roue as a salesman e"ose# 'im o all 3in#s o$ "olluans, no

o menion 'e #aily 'a%ar#s an# $aigue 'a !ame -i' 'is as3s. 'e

"oine# ou 'a 'e an# 'e ECC #isregar#e# Juan!'os me#i!al

'isory an# 'e $a! 'a 'e ris3 o$ !onra!ing Juan!'os ailmen -as

in!rease# y 'e naure o$ 'is -or3. )eiioner !ie# Re"uli! A! No. 6749,

o'er-ise 3no-n as 'e Clean Air A!. )eiioner sae# 'a 'e A!

"ro0i#es $or a !om"re'ensi0e "olluion !onrol "oli!y 'a mainly!on!enraes on 'e "ro'iiion o$ lea#e# gasoline #ue o is s!ieni$i!ally

"ro0en #eleerious e$$e! on 'e 'eal' o$ in#i0i#uals. =n is #e!ision, CA

a$$irme# 'e #e!ision o$ 'e ECC.

ISSUE:

('e'er or no 'e #ea' o$ "eiioners 'usan# is #ue o 'is -or3

en0ironmen -'i!' is sus!e"ile $or "olluans 'a !oul# !ause !an!er o$

'e lungs

RULING:

:es. )eiioner !laims 'a 'e Bu#gmen o$ 'e Cour o$ A""eals -as


20/25


"remise# u"on a misa""re'ension o$ 'e rele0an $a!s o$ 'e !ase a ar.

'e an!'ors 'er "eiion on 'e $a! 'a -'ile 'e !ause o$ 'er 'usan#

Juan!'os #ea' -as A#eno!ar!inoma o$ 'e lungs, 'e none'eless

su$$ere# $rom -o lise# o!!u"aional #iseases, namely "ulmonary

uer!ulosis an# "neumonia, "rior o 'is unimely #emise, -'i!' s'e insissBusi$ies 'er !laim $or #ea' ene$is.

T'e Cour agree# -i' "eiioner 'a 'e res"on#en go0ernmen

agen!ies $aile# o a3e ino !onsi#eraion Juan!'os me#i!al 'isory in 'eir

assessmen o$ 'e !laim $or ene$is $ile# y "eiioner. &or a !onsi#erale

sre!' o$ Juan!'os say a Co!aCola, 'e -as $oun# o e su$$ering $rom

"ulmonary uer!ulosis. e0eral mon's e$ore 'is #emise, 'e -as

#iagnose# -i' A#eno!ar!inoma o$ 'e lungs. A lile o0er -o -ee3s e$ore

'is #ea', Juan!'o -as a$$li!e# -i' "neumonia. T'e #egree o$ "roo$

re?uire# un#er ).D. No. K2K is merely susanial e0i#en!e, -'i!' means,

/su!' rele0an e0i#en!e as a reasonale min# mig' a!!e" as a#e?uae o

su""or a !on!lusion./ ('a 'e lare?uires is a reasonale -or3

!onne!ion an# no a #ire! !ausal relaion. = is enoug' 'a 'e 'y"o'esis

on -'i!' 'e -or3mens !laim is ase# is "roale. Me#i!al o"inion o 'e

!onrary !an e #isregar#e# es"e!ially -'ere 'ere is some asis in 'e

$a!s $or in$erring a -or3!onne!ion. )roailiy, no !erainy, is 'e

ou!'sone. =n Juan!'os !ase, -e elie0e 'a 'is "roailiy eiss.

Juan!'os Bo re?uire# long 'ours on 'e srees as -ell as 'is !arrying o$

!ases o$ so$ #rin3s #uring sales !alls. T'e !ominaion o$ $aigue an# 'e

"olluans 'a aoun# in 'is -or3 en0ironmen 0erily !onriue# o 'e

-orsening o$ 'is alrea#y -ea3 res"iraory sysem. His !oninuous e"osure

o 'ese $a!ors may 'a0e le# o 'e #e0elo"men o$ 'is !an!er o$ 'e

lungs.


21/25


SOCIAL JUSTICE SOCIETY 'SJS( vs HON. JOSE L. ATIEN"A, JR

FACTS:

)eiioners see3 o !om"el res"on#en Hon. Jose *. Aien%a, Jr.,

mayor o$ 'e Ciy o$ Manila, o en$or!e Or#inan!e No. 6827 -'i!' -as

ena!e# "ursuan o 'e "oli!e "o-er #elegae# o *Is. e!ion 1 an# 5

o$ sai# Or#inan!e saes 'a;

ECT=ON 1. &or 'e "ur"ose o$ "romoing soun# uran "lanning an#ensuring 'eal', "uli! sa$ey, an# general -el$are o$ 'e resi#ens o$

)an#a!an an# a. Ana as -ell as is a#Boining areas, 'e lan# use o$

'ose "orions o$ lan# oun#e# y 'e )asig Ri0er in 'e nor', )NR

Railroa# Tra!3 in 'e eas, +eaa . =n 'e sou', )alum"ong . =n

'e sou'-es, an# Esero #e )an!a!an in 'e -es, )NR Railroa#

in 'e nor'-es area, Esero #e )an#a!an in 'e nor'eas, )asig

Ri0er in 'e sou'eas an# Dr. M.*. Carreon in 'e sou'-es. T'e

area o$ )una, a. Ana oun#e# y 'e )asig Ri0er, Mar!elino

Orero ., Mayo 26 ., an# &. Manalo ree, are 'erey

re!lassi$ie# $rom =n#usrial == o Commer!ial =.

L

EC. 5. O-ners or o"eraors o$ in#usries an# o'er usinesses, 'e

o"eraion o$ -'i!' are no longer "ermie# un#er e!ion 1 'ereo$,

are 'erey gi0en a "erio# o$ si @K mon's $rom 'e #ae o$ e$$e!i0iy

o$ 'is Or#inan!e -i'in -'i!' o !ease an# #esis $rom 'e o"eraiono$ usinesses -'i!' are 'erey in !onse?uen!e, #isallo-e#.

Or#inan!e No. 6827 re!lassi$ie# 'e area #es!rie# 'erein $rom

in#usrial o !ommer!ial an# #ire!e# 'e o-ners an# o"eraors o$

usinesses #isallo-e# un#er e!ion 1 o !ease an# #esis $rom o"eraing

'eir usinesses -i'in si mon's $rom 'e #ae o$ e$$e!i0iy o$ 'e

or#inan!e. Among 'e usinesses siuae# in 'e area are 'e so!alle#

/)an#a!an Terminals/ o$ 'e oil !om"anies Cale @)'ili""ines, =n!.,

)eron Cor"oraion an# )ili"inas 'ell )eroleum Cor"oraion.

Ho-e0er, 'e Ciy o$ Manila an# 'e De"armen o$ Energy @DOE

enere# ino a memoran#um o$ un#ersan#ing @MOI -i' 'e oil

!om"anies in -'i!' 'ey agree# 'a /'e s!aling #o-n o$ 'e )an#a!an

Terminals -as 'e mos 0iale an# "ra!i!ale o"ionG u 'ey #i# no


22/25


so" 'eir o"eraion. )eiioners $ile# $or man#amus in C urging 'e !iy o

im"lemen Or#inan!e 6827. Res"on#ens #e$ense is 'a Or#inan!e No.

6827 'as een su"erse#e# y 'e MOI an# 'e resoluions an# 'a 'e

MOI -as more o$ a gui#eline o Or#inan!e No. 6827. Res"on#en insiss

'a 'e or#inan!e remains 0ali# an# in $ull $or!e an# e$$e! an# 'a 'eMOI #i# no in any -ay "re0en 'im $rom en$or!ing an# im"lemening i.

ISSUE:

('e'er res"on#en 'as 'e man#aory legal #uy o en$or!e

Or#inan!e No. 6827 an# or#er 'e remo0al o$ 'e )an#a!an Terminals, an#

RULING:

:es. In#er Rule K, e!ion 5 o$ 'e Rules o$ Cour, a "eiion

$or andausmay e $ile# -'en any riunal, !or"oraion, oar#, o$$i!er or

"erson unla-$ully negle!s 'e "er$orman!e o$ an a! -'i!' 'e la-

s"e!i$i!ally enBoins as a #uy resuling $rom an o$$i!e, rus or

saion. "andausis an eraor#inary -ri 'a is em"loye# o !om"el 'e"er$orman!e, -'en re$use#, o$ a miniserial #uy 'a is alrea#y im"ose# on

'e res"on#en an# 'ere is no o'er "lain, s"ee#y an# a#e?uae reme#y in

'e or#inary !ourse o$ la-. T'e "eiioner s'oul# 'a0e a -ell#e$ine#, !lear

an# !erain legal rig' o 'e "er$orman!e o$ 'e a! an# i mus e 'e !lear

an# im"erai0e #uy o$ res"on#en o #o 'e a! re?uire# o e #one. ('en

a andaus"ro!ee#ing !on!erns a "uli! rig' an# is oBe! is o !om"el

a "uli! #uy, 'e "eo"le -'o are inerese# in 'e ee!uion o$ 'e la-s are

regar#e# as 'e real "aries in ineres an# 'ey nee# no s'o- any s"e!i$i!ineres. +esi#es, as resi#ens o$ Manila, "eiioners 'a0e a #ire! ineres

in 'e en$or!emen o$ 'e !iys or#inan!es. Res"on#en ne0er ?uesione#

'e rig' o$ "eiioners o insiue 'is "ro!ee#ing.

On 'e o'er 'an#, 'e *o!al o0ernmen Co#e im"oses u"on

res"on#en 'e #uy, as !iy mayor, o /en$or!e all la-s an# or#inan!es

relai0e o 'e go0ernan!e o$ 'e !iy./ One o$ 'ese is Or#inan!e No. 6827.

As 'e !'ie$ ee!ui0e o$ 'e !iy, 'e 'as 'e #uy o en$or!e Or#inan!e No.

6827 as long as i 'as no een re"eale# y 'e %anggunianor annulle# y

'e !ours. Or#inan!e No. 6827 -as ena!e# -i' 'e oBe!i0e o "roe!

'e resi#ens o$ Manila $rom 'e !aasro"'i! #e0asaion 'a -ill surely

o!!ur in !ase o$ a erroris aa!3 on 'e )an#a!an Terminals. No reason

eiss -'y su!' a "roe!i0e measure s'oul# e #elaye#.


23/25


MMDA ET AL. vs CONCERNED RESIDENTS OF MANILA $AY

FACTS:

On January 29, 1999, res"on#ens Con!erne# Resi#ens o$ Manila

+ay $ile# a !om"lain e$ore 'e Regional Trial Cour @RTC in =mus, Ca0ie

agains se0eral go0ernmen agen!ies, among 'em 'e "eiioners, $or 'e

!leanu", re'ailiaion, an# "roe!ion o$ 'e Manila +ay, an# o sumi o

'e RTC a !on!ere# !on!ree "lan o$ a!ion $or 'e "ur"ose.

T'e !om"lain allege# 'a 'e -aer ?ualiy o$ 'e Manila +ay 'a#$allen -ay elo- 'e allo-ale san#ar#s se y la-, -'i!' -as !on$irme#

y DENRs (aer ualiy Managemen C'ie$, Renao T. Cru% 'a -aer

sam"les !olle!e# $rom #i$$eren ea!'es aroun# 'e Manila +ay s'o-e#

'a 'e amoun o$ $e!al !oli$orm !onen range# $rom 8,888 o 68,888

mos "roale numer @M)N>ml -'i!' is eyon# 'e san#ar# 288

M)N>188ml or 'e + le0el un#er DENR A#minisrai0e Or#er No. 5498.

T'e re!3less, -'olesale, a!!umulae# an# ongoing a!s o$ omission

or !ommission o$ 'e #e$en#ans resuling in 'e !lear an# "resen #angero "uli! 'eal' an# in 'e #e"leion an# !onaminaion o$ 'e marine li$e o$

Manila +ay, 'e RTC 'el# "eiioners liale an# or#ere# o !lean u" an#

re'ailiae Manila +ay an# o resore is -aer ?ualiy o !lass + -aers $i

$or s-imming, s3in#i0ing, an# o'er $orms o$ !ona! re!reaion. 5
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/december2008/#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/december2008/#_ftn3


24/25


Herein "eiioners a""eale# e$ore 'e Cour o$ A""eals !onen#ing

'a 'e "erinen "ro0isions o$ 'e En0ironmen Co#e @)D 112 relae only

o 'e !leaning o$ s"e!i$i! "olluion in!i#ens an# #o no !o0er !leaning in

general. T'ey also assere# 'a 'e !leaning o$ 'e Manila +ay is no a

miniserial a! -'i!' !an e !om"elle# y man#amus.

T'e CA susaine# RTCs #e!ision sressing 'a "eiioners -ere no

re?uire# o #o as3s ousi#e o$ 'eir asi! $un!ions un#er eising la-s,

'en!e, 'is a""eal.

ISSUE:

@1('e'er or no e!ions 17 an# 28 o$ )D 112 un#er 'e

'ea#ings, I"gra#ing o$ (aer ualiy an# Cleanu" O"eraions,

en0isage a !leanu" in general or are 'ey limie# only o 'e

!leanu" o$ s"e!i$i! "olluion in!i#ens

@2('e'er or no "eiioners e !om"elle# y man#amus o !lean u"

an# re'ailiae 'e Manila +ay.

RULING:

u"reme Cour 'el# 'a 'e !leaning u" an# re'ailiaing Manila

+ay is a miniserial in naure an# !an e !om"elle# y man#amus.

e!. 5@! o$ R.A. No. 7924 @'e la- !reaing MMDA saes 'a 'e

MMDA is man#ae# o "u u" an a#e?uae an# a""ro"riae saniary lan#$ill

an# soli# -ase an# li?ui# #is"osal as -ell as o'er alernai0e garage

#is"osal sysems. C also noe# 'a MMDAs #uy in 'e area o$ soli#-ase #is"osal is se $or' no only in 'e En0ironmen Co#e @)D 112 an#

RA 9885, u also in is !'arer, 'ere$ore, i is miniserial in naure an# !an

e !om"elle# y man#amus.

A "erusal o$ o'er "eiioners res"e!i0e !'arers or li3e enaling


25/25


saues an# "erinen la-s -oul# yiel# 'is !on!lusion; 'ese go0ernmen

agen!ies are enBoine#, as a maer o$ sauory oligaion, o "er$orm

!erain $un!ions relaing #ire!ly or in#ire!ly o 'e !lean u", re'ailiaion,

"roe!ion, an# "reser0aion o$ 'e Manila +ay. T'ey are "re!lu#e# $rom

!'oosing no o "er$orm 'ese #uies. o, 'eir $un!ions eing miniserialin naure !an e !om"elle# y man#amus.

As regar# o e!s. 17 P 28 o$ ).D. 112, 'e Cour rule# 'a

e!ion 17.&pgrading of 'ater (uality.QQ('ere 'e ?ualiy o$

-aer 'as #eeriorae# o a #egree -'ere is sae -ill a#0ersely

a$$e! is es usage, 'e go0ernmen agen!ies !on!erne# s'alla3e su!' measures as may e ne!essary o u"gra#e 'e

?ualiy o$ su!' -aer o mee 'e "res!rie# -aer ?ualiy

san#ar#s.

e!ion 28. )lean-up $perations.QQ= s'all e 'e res"onsiiliy

o$ 'e "olluer o !onain, remo0e an# !leanu" -aer "olluion

in!i#ens a 'is o-n e"ense. =n !ase o$ 'is $ailure o #o so, 'e

go0ernmen agen!ies !on!erne# s'all un#era3e !onainmen,

remo0al an# !leanu" o"eraions an# e"enses in!urre# in sai#

o"eraions s'all e !'arge# agains 'e "ersons an#>or eniies

res"onsile $or su!' "olluion.

('en 'e Clean (aer A! @RA 927 oo3 e$$e!, is e!. 1K on 'esuBe!, )leanup $perations, amen#e# 'e !ouner"ar "ro0ision @e!. 28

o$ 'e En0ironmen Co#e @)D 112. e!. 17 o$ )D 112 !oninues,

'o-e0er, o e o"eraional.

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