EUROCONTROL

NAVIGATION STRATEGY NAVIGATION STRATEGY for ECACfor ECAC

Presented by Presented by

EUROCONTROL EUROCONTROL

EUROCONTROL

ECAC MINISTERS’ DECISIONSECAC MINISTERS’ DECISIONSThe two ECAC Strategies for the 1990’s, adopted in April 1990 and March 1992 respectively, required that

– “… the carriage of RNAV equipment will become mandatorymandatory in all en-route airspace by 1 January 1998.“

– “States are to make available RNAV based procedures for IFR operations in Terminal areas.”

EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY

Why a Navigation Strategy ? Why a Navigation Strategy ?

��to ensure that Future Navigation and Navigation to ensure that Future Navigation and Navigation Infrastructure are designed around and based on Infrastructure are designed around and based on Operational Requirements, and Operational Requirements, and NOTNOT on random on random choice based on technologychoice based on technology --driven initiatives driven initiatives

��to enable compatibility with other EATMP to enable compatibility with other EATMP Strategies Strategies

��to allow an adequate decisionto allow an adequate decision --making processmaking process

EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY

Objective Objective �� to provide a harmonised and integrated common to provide a harmonised and integrated common work frame which will allow a cost effective, work frame which will allow a cost effective, customer oriented evolution of the European air customer oriented evolution of the European air navigation systems during the period 2000navigation systems during the period 2000 --2015; 2015;

�� to provide the basis for : to provide the basis for :

�� the development of ECAC air navigation applications the development of ECAC air navigation applications and supporting infrastructure; andand supporting infrastructure; and

�� the rationalisation, integration and harmonisation of the rationalisation, integration and harmonisation of existing and new air navigation systems; existing and new air navigation systems;

�� to identify general principles, functions and futur e to identify general principles, functions and futur e work. work.

EUROCONTROL

NAV StrategyNAV StrategyCOM COM StrategyStrategy

SUR SUR StrategyStrategy

ATM 2000+ StrategyATM 2000+ Strategy

ICAO Global Plan ICAO Global Plan for CNS/ATMfor CNS/ATM

EC Strategy for EC Strategy for GNSSGNSS

Satellite Navigation Satellite Navigation StrategyStrategy

NAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGYRelationships Relationships

EUROCONTROL

EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY

Developed by Developed by EurocontrolEurocontrol Airspace and Navigation Airspace and Navigation Team (ANT) through a specialised Drafting GroupTeam (ANT) through a specialised Drafting Group

PARTICIPANTS: PARTICIPANTS:

ECAC StatesECAC Statesnonnon --ECAC StatesECAC States USA, UKRAINEUSA, UKRAINE

International OrganisationsInternational OrganisationsIATAIATA IAOPA AEA ICAOIAOPA AEA ICAO --AWOG AWOG IFATCA IFATCA

European Commission European Commission -- DG VIIDG VIIMilitary RepresentativesMilitary Representatives

State Military Liaison Officers, SHAPE State Military Liaison Officers, SHAPE European Air Traffic Management Programme (EATMP) Domai ns European Air Traffic Management Programme (EATMP) Domai ns

EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY

The main strategic streams are aimed at: The main strategic streams are aimed at:

��achieving a total RNAV environment with defined achieving a total RNAV environment with defined RNP values for all operations ECAC wide; RNP values for all operations ECAC wide;

��facilitating the implementation of the ‘free routes ’ facilitating the implementation of the ‘free routes ’ concept; concept;

��implementing 4D RNAV operations, to support the implementing 4D RNAV operations, to support the transition to a full gate to gate management of fli ght transition to a full gate to gate management of fli ght by 2015; by 2015;

��supporting the continued operations of aircraft supporting the continued operations of aircraft with lower capabilities as long as operationally with lower capabilities as long as operationally feasible; feasible;

EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY

The main strategic streams are aimed at: The main strategic streams are aimed at:

�� supporting the continued operations of State supporting the continued operations of State aircraft, in line with the principles of the overal l aircraft, in line with the principles of the overal l ATM 2000+ Strategy;ATM 2000+ Strategy;

�� providing positioning and navigation data at the providing positioning and navigation data at the required performance levels to support the various required performance levels to support the various applications in the ATM/CNS environment;applications in the ATM/CNS environment;

�� a judicious deployment of spacea judicious deployment of space --based based infrastructure and a rationalisation of the infrastructure and a rationalisation of the supporting ground infrastructure for all phases of supporting ground infrastructure for all phases of flight, ensuring the transition to GNSS, in line wi th flight, ensuring the transition to GNSS, in line wi th ICAO recommendations.ICAO recommendations.

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AIRPORT OPERATORAIRPORT OPERATOR

ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL

AIRCRAFT OPERATORAIRCRAFT OPERATOR

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERAIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

€

WHY RNAV? WHY RNAV?

EUROCONTROL

TRAFFIC SPREAD REDUCTION TRAFFIC SPREAD REDUCTION USING RNAVUSING RNAV

CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL

SID

RNAVRNAV

SID

EUROCONTROL

TRAFFIC SPREAD REDUCTION TRAFFIC SPREAD REDUCTION USING RNAVUSING RNAV

STAR

CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL

STAR

RNAVRNAV

EUROCONTROL

IMPROVED FLIGHT IMPROVED FLIGHT MANAGEMENT USING RNAVMANAGEMENT USING RNAV

CONVENTIONAL RADAR TO ILS

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Track distance [km]

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Altitude profileThrust profileSpeed profile

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IMPROVED FLIGHT IMPROVED FLIGHT MANAGEMENT USING RNAVMANAGEMENT USING RNAV

55 60-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

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RNAV CONTINUOUS DESCENT APPROACHAltitude profileThrust profileSpeed profile

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CONTROLLER WORKLOAD CONTROLLER WORKLOAD --EXAMPLE ISAEXAMPLE ISA

VERY HIGH HIGH NORMAL LOW VERY LOW

%

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WFEEEXEC

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EUROCONTROL201020052000 2015

EnEn--routerouteBRNAV at all levels

Free Routes (BRNAV) (8 States Project)

RNP 1 RNAV routes

Extended Free Routes (ECAC States)

RNP 1 RNAV mandatory en-route4D RNAV

Rationalisation of the Ground Infrastructure for al l phases of flight

AWO and AWO and AA--SMGCSSMGCS

Provide runway guidance

Provide Cat I/II/III PA

Provide NPA

TMA OperationsTMA Operations

Conventional SIDs/STARs

RNAV SIDs/STARs P RNAV mandatory in selected TMAs

RNP ≤≤≤≤ 1 RNAV mandatory in all TMAs

NAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY

EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION INFRASTRUCTURENAVIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE

20002000 20102010 2015201520052005EnEn--Route Route

VOR VOR

DME DME

NDB NDB

GBAS GBAS

GPSGPSSBASSBAS

Approach / Landing /Approach / Landing /Departure / ADeparture / A --SMGCS SMGCS

ILS Cat II/III ILS Cat II/III MLS Cat III MLS Cat III

DME DME VOR VOR NDB NDB

ILS Cat I ILS Cat I GPS GPS

SBAS Cat I SBAS Cat I GBAS Cat I/II/III GBAS Cat I/II/III Cat I

EUROCONTROLRNAV IMPLEMENTATIONRNAV IMPLEMENTATION

RNAV will become standard means of Navigation RNAV will become standard means of Navigation by 2010 for enby 2010 for en --route and terminal area operationsroute and terminal area operations

��Phased introductionPhased introduction

��Mandatory requirements applied only where Mandatory requirements applied only where essential essential ��Develop compatible air and ground applications in Develop compatible air and ground applications in line with: line with:

-- capacity requirements;capacity requirements;-- capability of avionics and ground equipment. capability of avionics and ground equipment.

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JAA RNAV Leaflet StrategyJAA RNAV Leaflet Strategy

TGL Draft

OCEANIC

RNP 10

*INS/IRS

*GPS primary

TGL No. 2 Rev 1

En-routeContinental

B-RNAV

*INS/IRS

*VOR/DME

*DME/DME

*GPS

TGL No. 10

TerminalArea

P-RNAV

*DME/DME

*GPS

TGL Draft

Approach

RNP 0.3

*DME/DME

*GPS

TGL No. 3 Rev 1

*GPS primary *GPS * GPS * GPS

*VOR/DME

EUROCONTROLRelationship of JAA Criteria to Support RNAV and Relationship of JAA Criteria to Support RNAV and Category I, II, III Operations in European AirspaceCategory I, II, III Operations in European Airspace

LOW VIS T.O.RVR <200m

CAT III

TakeoffRNP 0.3

ClimbRNP 1

En-routeRNP 5

DescentRNP 1

FAWPApproach

RNP.5

DH 100DH 200

RNP.3

JAR-AWO and JAR-OPS 1

Category II, III and Takeoff Operations

JAR-AWOSubpart 1 - Automatic Landing

System Subpart 2 - Category II ILS/MLSSubpart 3 - Category III ILS/MLSSubpart 4 - Take-off in Low

VisibilityHUD Information Leaflets

JAR-OPS 1Subpart E - All Weather Operations

TGL No. XY

Category I Operations

TGL No. 10

Precision RNAV (P-RNAV)

En-route (in designated airspace) Standard Instrument Departures (SID)Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR)Initial Approach and Intermediate Approach to FAWP

TGL No. 2Rev 1Basic RNAV(B-RNAV)

RNAV LNAV, LNAV-VNAV and RNP-RNAV

Based on DME/DME, B-GNSS & S-BAS

Category I xLS

Note: xLS encompasses ILS, MLS and GLS

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ICAO OCP Road MapICAO OCP Road MapProject 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2010 2012

SBAS

(US WAAS)

(EGNOSEUROPE)

(MSASJAPAN)

APV-I

APV-I/II

Cat. I*

AVP-II

APV-I/II

Cat. I

Cat. I

GBAS

(US LAAS)

CAT-I CAT II/III

OCPMeeting/

Criteria

13

GBAS Cat. I

SBAS Cat. I

Amend. 12

14

GBAS Cat. II/III

APV-II

GBAS CRM

GBAS PVT (?)

Amend. 13

PublishPANS OPS

Amendment

Amend. 11

APV I

Baro VNAV

Amendment 12 Amendment13

EUROCONTROLRNAV APPLICATIONSRNAV APPLICATIONS

� RNAV in terminal airspace below MSA� RNAV approaches (GNSS and multi DME)

RNAV increasingly needs higher standards of integrity and availability

� Removal of VOR/NDB planned -conventional Nav no longer possible as reversion

Need for appropriate Quality of Service from RNAV and associated data sources

EUROCONTROLAPPLICABLE STANDARDSAPPLICABLE STANDARDS

Target is RNP RNAV Supported by quality controlled co-ordinate data

– MASPS: Required Navigation Performance for Area Navigation (EUROCAE ED75A/RTCA Do236A)

– Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data (EUROCAE ED 76/RTCA Do200A)

– Standards for Aeronautical Information (EUROCAE ED77/RTCA Do201A)

EUROCONTROL

Pressure for TMA RNAV

BRNAV has limitations� no database required

� lowest level of accuracy not suitable for Terminal airspace operations

� minimum aircraft interface not ideal for high workload environment

SHORTER TERM OBJECTIVESSHORTER TERM OBJECTIVESSHORTER TERM OBJECTIVES

EUROCONTROLPrecision RNAV (PPrecision RNAV (P--RNAV)RNAV)

Maximise advantages of existing RNAV with RNP 1 accuracy - P-RNAV

� Enable RNAV with appropriate capability to be used for Terminal Airspace below MSA (P-RNAV)

Seek to avoid mandating additional ECAC widenav requirements:

� shorter lead time� cost benefit to be proven giving further delays

P-RNAV is interim step only

EUROCONTROLPP--RNAV MaterialRNAV MaterialEarly implementation of P-RNAV procedures where needed

but no ECAC wide mandateStandards available � JAA TGL10 - Airworthiness and Operational Approval for

Precision RNAV Operations in Designated European Airspace (Nov 2000)

� Approach material in preparation (Germany using TGL 3 for present)

� Guidance Material for the Design of Terminal Procedures for DME/DME and GNSS Area Navigation - (March 2000)

� Standard Document for Area Navigation Equipment -Operational Requirements and Functional Requirements EUROCONTROL DOC 003 Ed 2.2 Dec 1998

EUROCONTROL

Proposed extension of RNAV applications affects all stakeholders:

– Operators: Certification of RNAV equipment requirements

– ATS providers: preparation for changes to airspace and operations (eg support tools for ATC)

– Data providers: quality of Nav data base– Airspace planners & procedure

designers: RNAV capability and limitations

IMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONS

EUROCONTROLIMPACT ON GENERAL IMPACT ON GENERAL AVIATIONAVIATION

En-route - BRNAVEquipment requirements: JAA TGL 2 mandatory

TMAIncreasing use of RNAVRNAV not mandatory but operation will become difficult without itEquipment: TGL 10 (TGL 3 as an interim)

ApproachTGL in development - RNAV not mandatory

EUROCONTROLIMPACT ON GA up to 2010IMPACT ON GA up to 2010

� RNAV in TMA not Mandatory� But operations might become difficult at some major airports

without RNAV

� Data Base Required � approved supplier� until approvals in place operator must validateIntegrity - TGL 10 section 10.6

� System Continuity of Service� some procedures may demand dual RNAV TGL 10 section 4

� Minimum Equipment list� contingency procedures to get to maintenance base

otherwise only to airports where non-RNAV procedures exist

EUROCONTROL

RNP-RNAVMost existing equipment will need upgrading eg

� Integrity alerts� Functionality

Display issues for operation � eg RF legs

Workloadprocedures could be complex for environmental/

capacity reasons� Autopilot/Flight director

Continuity of serviceNo non-RNAV reversion

� Dual systems� multiple Nav sources (will GNSS be sufficient?)

IMPACT ON GA Post 2010 IMPACT ON GA Post 2010 IMPACT ON GA Post 2010

EUROCONTROLCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

RNAV applications developing rapidly – En-route– TMA– Approach

Seek to minimise impact on GA but transfer to RNAV operations and removal of point source navigation aids presents challenges for navigation developments