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Ensis Wood Processing
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Nawshad Haque
IMPROVING DRYING OF WOOD
HARVESTED IN 2040
Email: [email protected]
Personal webpage: http://www.geocities.com/nhaque.geo
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
OutlineWhy & how drying wood?
Why drying model?How to simulate & optimise?
Some results
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Why drying wood important?
Reduce movement & decay in service
Better propertiesLess cost to transportMeet drying & export standardEnergy hungry process
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Air-drying site
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Solar kiln designs
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Solar kiln designs
Solar kiln at Boral Timber’s Herons Creek site, NSW, AUSTRALIA
Recent design of solar kiln by Solar Dryers Australia, Bellingen, NSW
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Industrial kilns
Manipulate temperature, humidity & airflow
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
HT drying Radiata
40 mm board, 8 m/s, 2 h, 2.4 m wide stack
020406080
100120140160
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Time (hours)
T (°
C)DB Inlet WB
020406080
100120140160
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Time (hours)
MC
(%),
T (°
C)
MC DB Inlet WB
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Dry product
Structural Appearance/furniture
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Typical drying example: Hardwood
01020304050607080
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200Time (days)
Moi
stur
e co
nten
t (%
)
Solar
Air-drying
Conventional kiln
Conventional kiln
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Drying Time = f (DB, WB, Vel, Thick) $/m3 cost = f (DT, $Kiln, $Operation) Quality = f (drying stress, uniform
final MC) Find minimum $/m3 for a given set of
conditions with acceptable quality
Optimise drying
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Optimised schedule
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Moisture content (%)
Stra
in (m
m-1
)
010203040506070
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Strain Tg Tw
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Procedure (Radiata)Harvesting age: 30 yearsLog diameter: 65 cmBoard: 100mm x 50mmBoard initial MC: 162%Final target MC: 6%High Temp: 120/70°C, at 7 m/s
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Procedure (Radiata..)Tree age: 26, 35 yearsSap EW MC: 180 to 200%LW Density: 520 to 420 kg/m3
Permeability increase or decrease: ×10 to base case;
Shrinkage: ±10%, high & low
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Some results (MC)
0
50
100
150
200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Time (hours)
MC
(%)
26, EW 180 30, EW 180 35, EW 18026, EW 200 30, EW 200 35, EW 200
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Effect of permeability
020406080
100120140160180
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time (hours)
MC
(%)
Base case
Wood with high permeability Wood with
low permeability
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Effect of shrinkage
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80 100Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Green Low Base case High
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
2D Single-board model
100x50 mm board, ring number- 18 & 24, sap early & late wood
High Temp 140/90°C, at 8 m/s
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
120
130
140
150
160
170
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Initial MC (%) profile
20
20.2
20.4
20.6
20.8
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Initial temperature (deg C) profile
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
50
100
150
200
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 0.25 hours time, MC (%) profile140
160160
160160 160
160160160 160
160
160
160
160
160
180 180
160
160
180180 200
200
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
70
70 70 70
707070
60 6060
606060
50
50 50
5050
50
40
40
40
4040
40
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
50
100
150
200
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 0.5 hours time, MC (%) profile50100 100150 150 150
150150150
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
80
80 80
80
808080
7575 75
7575
75
70 70
70
7070
65 65
6565
6565
90
90
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
50
100
150
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 1 hours time, MC (%) profile20 20 20
2020
40 40 40
404040
60 60 60
606060
80 80 80
808080
100 100 100
100100100
120 120 120
120120120
140 140 140 140140140140
90
95
100
105
110
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
8686
86
86
86
95959595
95 95 95
100100100
100 100 100
105
105
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 1.5 hours time, MC (%) profile20 20 20
202020
40 40 40
404040
60 60 60
606060
80 80 80
80808080
100 100 100
100100100
120 120 120 120
120120120
140 140 140
140140140140
95
100
105
110
115
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
95
95
95
100100
100
100 100 100
105105105
105 105 105
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 2 hours time, MC (%) profile20 20 20
202020
40 40 40
404040
60 60 60 60606060
80 80 80
808080
100 100 100 100100100100
120 120 120
120120120120
120 140 140 140
140
140140140
95
100
105
110
115
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
95
95
100
100
100100
100
105105105
105 105 105
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 2.5 hours time, MC (%) profile20 20 20
202020
40 40 40
40
404040
60 60 60 60606060
80 80 80 80808080
100
100 100 100
100100100
120 120 120
120
120120120
140
140140
140 140 140
95
100
105
110
115
120
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
9595
100
100100
100
105105105
105 105 105 110
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
4060
80
100
120
140
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 3 hours time, MC (%) profile
20 20 20 20
202020
40
40 40 40
404040
60 60 60
606060
60
80 80 80
808080
80
100 100 100100100100
100 120 120 120
120120120
120
140140
140140
95
100
105
110
115
120
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
95
95
100
100
100
105 105 105
105105105
110 110 110
110110110
115 115
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 3.5 hours time, MC (%) profile
20 20 20
202020
40 40 40
404040
60 60 60
606060
60
80
808080
80 80 80
80
100 100 100
100100100
100 120
120 120
120
120120
95
100
105
110
115
120
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
9595
100
100100
100105105105
105 105 105110 110 110
110110110
115 115 115
115115
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 4 hours time, MC (%) profile
20 20 20
20
202020
40 40 40
40
404040
60
60 60 60
606060
60
80 80 80
80808080
100 100 100
100100100
100
120120
120
120 120
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
95
100
100
100
105 105 105
105105105
110 110 110
110110110
115 115 115
115115115
120
120
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 5 hours time, MC (%) profile
202020
20 20 2040 40 40
40404040
40
60 60 60
60606060
80 80 80
808080
80
100100
100
100 100100
100
110
120
130
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
95
100
100
105105 105
105105105
110110 110
110110110
115 115 115
115115115
120 120 120
120120120
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 6 hours time, MC (%) profile
20 20 20
20202020
20
40 40 40
40
404040
60 60 60
60
606060
80
8080
80
80 80
80100 100
100
110
120
130
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
105105
105
105105
105
110 110 110
110110110
115 115 115
115115115
120 120 120
120120120
125
125
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
20
40
60
80
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 7 hours time, MC (%) profile
10 10 10
101010
20 20 20
202020
20
30 30 30
303030
30
40 40 40
404040
40
50 50 50
505050
50
60 60 60
60
6060
60
70 70 70
707070 8080
80
80 80
105
110
115
120
125
130
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
105105
110110 110
110110110 115115115
115115 115
120120120
120 120 120
125125125
125 125 125
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 8 hours time, MC (%) profile
10 10 10
101010
20 20 20
202020
20
30 30 30
30
3030
30
40 40 40
40
4040
40
50 50 50
50
5050
50
60 60 60
606060 7070
70
70 70
105
110
115
120
125
130
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
110 110 110
110110110
115115 115
115115115
120120 120
120120120 125125125
125 125 125
130
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 9.01 hours time, MC (%) profile
10 10 10
101010
10
20 20 20
202020
20
30 30 30
303030
30
40 40 40
404040
40
50 50 50
505050 6060
6060
60
7070
110
115
120
125
130
135
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
110 110110
110110110
115 115115
115115115
120 120 120
120120120125125125
125 125 125
130
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 10.01 hours time, MC (%) profile
10 10 10
101010
10
2020 20
20
2020
20
30 3030
303030
40 4040
4040
40
50 50
5050
50
60
6060
110
115
120
125
130
135
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
106
106 106
106
106106106
115 115115
115115115
120 120120
120120120 125125125
125125 125
130
130
130
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 11.01 hours time, MC (%) profile
10 10 10
101010
2020 20
202020
3030 30
303030
4040 40
404040
50 50
5050
110
115
120
125
130
135
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
110
110 110
110
110110110
106 106 106
106106106
120120
120
120120 120
125125125
125 125 125
130130
130
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 12.01 hours time, MC (%) profile
55 5
5
5555
5 10 10 10
101010
15 15 15
1515
1520
20 20
2020
25 25
252525
30 30
3030
30 3535
35
35 3540 40
4040
40
4545
45 45
2
110
115
120
125
130
135
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
115
115 11511
5
115115115
110
110 110
110110110
106106
106
106106
125125
125
125125 125
130130
130
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 13.02 hours time, MC (%) profile
55
5 5 5
555
55
5
10 10
10
101010
15 15
151515
20 20
2020
2025 25
25
2525
30 30
3030 3535
35 354040
40 40
110
115
120
125
130
135
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
120120 120
120
120120
120
115
115 115
115
115115
110
110 110
110110107
107
107
107107
130130 130
130
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 14.02 hours time, MC (%) profile
55
5 55 5
5
55555
55
10 10
1010
10
15 15
1515
202020
252525
303030
35 3535 404040
2
5
110
115
120
125
130
135
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
120
120 120
120
120120
115
115 115
115115
110
110
110
110
107
107
107107
130130
130
130 130
135
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
5
10
15
20
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
At 14.77 hours time, MC (%) profile
555
5 5
5
5
555555
555 1010
1010
151520
110
115
120
125
130
135
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Width (mm)
Thic
knes
s (m
m)
Temp (deg C) profile
120
120 120
120
120
120
115
115
115
115
110
110
110
130
130
130
130
130
106
106
135
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
020406080
100120140160180
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Time (hours)
Moi
stur
e co
nten
t (%
)
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Procedure (Blackbutt)Eucalyptus pilularisBoard thickness: 43 mm Initial MC: 44%; Final MC: 18%Basecase reference diffusion
coefficient: 1.145×10-5 m2/s; Solar kiln sched (max<50°C)Case 1 diffusion: +30%
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Effect of diffusion (Euc)
0102030405060
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time (days)
Moi
stur
e co
nten
t (%
)
Basecase Diffusion coefficient 30% increase
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Effect of diffusion (Euc)
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0 20 40 60 80Time (days)
Inst
anta
neou
s st
rain
(m
/m)
Basecase Diffusion coefficient 30% increase
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Conclusions• Effect of parameters assessed:Age, sapwood initial MC,
density - smallPermeability - high impactShrinkage & Diffusion
coefficient - significant below FSP
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Future challengesValidated models for
Hardwood & SoftwoodReliable objective function
necessaryFind optimum process for
particular wood type (including variability)
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Application Benchmarking What-if scenario analysis for future
wood resources Sensitivity analysis for expensive
or cheap:KilnEnergyOperation costs
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
CDK Hardware simulation
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
CSIRO Continuous DryerGreentimber
Drytimber
Courtesy: Richard Northway
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Future tech Superheated steam drying Continuous Drying Kiln In-kiln MC sensor development
(MKS), integrated compact systems Energy & emission Solar drying, vacuum drying for
some species Microwave based drying systems
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
DRYSPEC
THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION
Thank You
Questions?Email: [email protected] website: www.geocities.com/nhaque.geo
Web: www.ensisjv.com
