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Composting of dry toilets solid residues: evolution of the characteristics over time Dr Joaneson LACOUR, UNIQ Dr Rémy BAYARD, INSA Lyon Dr Pascale MARTEL NAQUIN, CEFREPADE Gaston JEAN 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management NAXOS 2018
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Page 1: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

Composting of dry toilets solid residues: evolution of the characteristics over time

Dr Joaneson LACOUR, UNIQDr Rémy BAYARD, INSA Lyon

Dr Pascale MARTEL NAQUIN, CEFREPADE

Gaston JEAN

6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

NAXOS 2018

Page 2: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

PLANCONTEXT

OBJECTIVES

PRESENTATION OF THE PILOTS

RESULTS OF 100 L PILOTS (P1)

RESULTS OF 300 L PILOTS (P2)

CONCLUSION

Page 3: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

2,4 billion people without toilets (WHO / UNICEF, 2016) 71% live in rural areasMore than 1 billion people (15% global pop) practice open defecation

Open defecation is practiced by 90% in rural areas (WHO / UNICEF, 2013).

Almost no collective sanitation system in developing countries 90% of poorly treated or untreated wastewater, responsible for many risks of contamination (WHO)

Contamination of water by waste / excreta would be responsible of 80% of diseases and 25% of deaths (WHO)

CONTEXT 1/2

Page 4: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

CONTEXTIn Haiti 72% of the population have no access to a proper sanitation system, 

including 15% in the metropolitan area of   Port au Prince and 18% in other cities (UN, 2016).

Polluting latrines ‐ Numerous open defecation sites 23% of the population practices open defecation, 41% in rural areas In some communities, especially in unconventional communities, 

people defecate in plastic bags that they drop anywhere. This phenomenon is called flying toilets.

Water‐borne diseases are responsible for 17.5% of morbidity and mortality of children under 5 years of age (MSPP, 2005).

Microorganisms of faecal origin have been detected in numerous samples of groundwater (Balthazard‐Accou et al., 2009)

Page 5: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

OBJECTIVESFight against open defecation byempowering communities and increasingthe number of toilets

reduce the number of cases ofwaterborne diseases by hygienizingfaeces through composting

Return the biomass to the soil

Page 6: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

DRY DIVERSION TOILET MODEL

Page 7: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

Residues collected over 12 months

Masse  totale collectée (kg) ‐ 23 familles 3846Nombre de jours 381Masse moyenne par jour (kg) 10,1Masse moyenne par jour et par personne (kg) ‐ 88 personnes 0,11

Page 8: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

RESIDUE, FAECES AND HUMIDITY

Page 9: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

PRESENTATION OF PILOTS 100 L5 first 100-liter pilots have been launched to monitor the rise in temperature and the quality of residues. P1 WaterP2 Water + aerated by pieces of woodP3 Water + flippingP4 urineP5 Without specific conditions

Page 10: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION ‐ PILOTS 100L

Page 11: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

PRESENTATION OF PILOTS 300 l 2/2Series of 300‐liter pilots

P1:Bagasse‐Pin 2/3P2:Bagasse‐Frêne 2/3P3: Bagasse 100%P4: Bagasse 100%+ branchage P5: Frêne100%+ branchage 

Page 12: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION ‐ PILOTS 300L

Page 13: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

CONCLUSIONWhen the residues are composted with significant volume, the 

temperature reached is favorable for a fast hygienization

Dry litter toilets seem to be a good answer to fight against open defecation, very well accepted by the population

This presentation shows a little part of the work conducted, still in progress, whose entire results, on the social, economic, environmental and sanitary aspects will be presented for my 

doctorate defense in December 2018

Page 14: NAXOS 2018 - UESTuest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/presentation/07.jean.pdf · NAXOS 2018. PLAN CONTEXT OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONOFTHE PILOTS RESULTSOF100LPILOTS(P1) RESULTSOF300LPILOTS(P2)

Thanks for your attention !


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