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ustice Reinvestmentn North Carolina
&What Works Policy
Examplesfrom Other States
,November 16 2010
ouncil of State Governmentsustice Center,arshall Clement Project Director
,ndy Barbee Senior Research Associate,egan Grasso Policy Analyst
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ngage input fromstakeholders &Behavioral health
treatmentproviders
Law enforcement Judges Prosecutors Defense bar
Victim
/advocates survivors
County officials Community
corrections Probation
xamine quantitative data&ted crime arrests
&disposition sentencingpopulationtion and community corrections programs
, &n admissions population releases
&evelop present a comprehensive analysis of the stat
evelop a frameworkf policy optionshat together wouldncrease publicafety and/educe avert taxpayerspending
1
Analysis
2
Implementation3
Accountability
Ohio Justice Reinvestment Processorth Carolina Justice Reinvestment Process
April - June May October October - January
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NC Framework
& What Works Effective Policies
&Reducing Recidivism Crime
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& ,iolent Property Crime Rates per 100 000( - )000 2009
.S Avg,21 3
.S Avg45 6
- %5%6
orth Carolina Crime Rate Has Declinedince 2000
.S Avg507
.S Avg,618
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DOC Expenditures:
o$899 million FY00
o$1.51 billion FY09
68% Increase
FY 2000-2009Growth:+ 29.3%
FY 1997-2000Growth:- 2.9%
Source: North Carolina Department of Correction, Annual Statistical Reports and online Prison Offender Population Statistics;http://www.doc.state.nc.us/rap/index.htm .
ow Has the State s Prison Populationncreased 29 Percent Since 2000?
Average CountyJail Backlog not
:included in graph
:FY06 322
:FY07 32:FY08 146:FY09 244
- :Oct Dec 2009 999
http://www.doc.state.nc.us/rap/index.htmhttp://www.doc.state.nc.us/rap/index.htm8/8/2019 NC JR Policy Examples for Nov Mtg (1)
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ottom Line Summary
/ /I Felony Convictions Increasing% entenced to Probation D e c l i n i n g
% entenced torison I n c r e a s i n g
,reviously Probation Supervision Not Based on Best Practices
rison Sentence
% evoked to Prison I n c r e a s i n g
/ %arned Time Policy Holds Offenders w Short Sentences beyond 100 Due too Supervision Upon Release
ual Offenders Increasing ( / / )ost are Triggered by G H I eleased to 9m of Supervisionpend 8 years in prison on average
a se loa ds an d cou nt y j ai l p op ula ti ons
-tr uc tur ed Se nt enc in g D oe sn t F ac ili ta te Ri sk Ba se d
/ /OC adopted formal changes in approach 9 1 2
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NC Framework
& What Works Effective Policies
&Reducing Recidivism Crime
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hat works to reduce recidivism. ocus on the offendersost likely to commitcrime. nvest in programs that, &ork ensure they areorking well. trengthen supervision&nd employ swiftertain sanctions. -se place basedstrategies
When - .someone is released does not impact their re offense rate
Whothey are
Whatthey do
How
they aresupervised
Wherethey return
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1 . ocus on offenders most likely-o re offend00 people released from prison
-0 re arrested 0 not -e arrested
?% -0 rearrested % -5 re arrested % -0 rearrested
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ocusing on low risk offendersan actually increase crime
*2010 Evaluation of Ohio Community Based Correctional Facilities &Halfway Houses. University of Cincinnati
Impact of Ohio Community Based Correctional Facility Program onNew Felony Conviction Rate Compared with Probation Supervision
ow Risk+ 5
HighRisk- 5
.od Risk+ 4
,verall the program increasedew felony conviction rate by 3.ercentage points
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Supervised Probationers the Same
Regardless of Risk
9% RearrestedWithin 1 Year
Min Risk Low Risk High RiskMod Risk
14% RearrestedWithin 1 Year
23% RearrestedWithin 1 Year
31% RearrestedWithin 1 Year
No focus of supervision resources, programs, andinterventions on the highest risk population
Shortage of program capacity to effectively addressneeds like substance use treatment
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- :s e e a se u p e rv s o n offen d ers A re S u p e rvised A fter S ervin g.rie f P e rio d s o f T im e in P riso nG/H/I OffendersSentenced to Probation
16,203(FY09)
G/H/I OffendersReleased from Prison13,165(FY09)
1yr ~ 19%3yr ~ 35%
Rearrest Rates
100% Supervised No Supervision
1yr ~ 21%3yr ~ 45%
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Arizona Probation Earned Time Credit Policy
20 days for every 30 days that aprobationer: Making positive progression on case plan
Current on court ordered payments &other obligations
Current in completing community service
Earned time credits must be taken awayif a probationer is found to be inviolation
Nevada New Ham shire and Delaware
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. Invest in programs that work
, , ( ). -Elizabeth Drake Steve Aos and Marna Miller 2009 Evidence Based Public Policy Options: .to Reduce Crime and Criminal Justice Costs Implications in Washington State Victims
-
rug Treatmentn the Community- % ognitive Behavioral Treatment
- % ntensive Supervision
% ntensive Supervisi+ Treatment- %8
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mpact of Ohio Residential Correctional Programsn Recidivism ( : )Annual State Funding $104m
* Results for all participants
nd ensure those programs are.orking well
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Texas
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ncreas ng um er o eop e reailing on Probation and Being Revoked to.rison
Source: North Carolina Department of Correction Annual Statistical Reports
76% of theprobationrevocations to
prison were forviolating theconditions ofsupervision (2009)
robation %evocations asf Total PrisonAdmissionsY2001 %50Y2009 %53
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NC Stakeholder Concerns with Probation
Probation lacks teeth
Probation needs swift and certainsanctions to immediately respond
to violations. Probation officers indicate they
spend a lot of time waiting in court
for probation violation hearings. Probation officers indicate theyspend a lot of time doingpaperwork and not enough time
supervising probationers.
K Si ifi t D li i
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Kansas-evocations from Post Release Supervision
echnicalViolations
ew Offenses
%6
%0
Kansas: Significant Decline inRecidivism
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,Sanctions
Work Best to Reduce Recidivism
eorgia POMEnablingprobation
officers toemploy
administrative&sanctions
probationers towaive violationhearings
reduced jail- ,time three fold
reduced time
,spent in courtand increasedswiftness ofresponses to.violations
awaii HOPE- ,Court run intensive random drug testing with, , .swift certain and brief jail sanctions
:The full Hawaii HOPE evaluation from NIJ is available at:// . . / / / / .http www ncjrs gov pdffiles1 nij grants 229023 pdf
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/229023.pdfhttp://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/229023.pdfhttp://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/229023.pdf8/8/2019 NC JR Policy Examples for Nov Mtg (1)
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Prison AdmissionsHotspotsArizona, 2004
60% of the States prison population comes
from and returns to the Phoenix-Mesametropolitan area.
. -se place based strategies
P i Ad i i 2006
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Prison Admissions, 2006
Maricopa County
1/2 Mile Grid Map
South Mountain Zip Code 85041
Prison Admissions = 31.8 per 1000 adults
Jail Bookings = 96.5 per 1000 adults
Probation = 25.1 per 1000 adults
A single neighborhood in Phoenixis home to 1% of the states totalpopulation but 6.5% of the statesprison population
P i E di
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Prison ExpendituresDollars, 2004
Maricopa County1/2 Mile Grid Map
South Mountain
Maryvale
Central City
Estrella
Laveen
Encanto
Alhambra
North Mountain
Paradise Valley
Camelback East
Deer Valley
GLENDALE
Within high expenditureneighborhoods there arenumerous, smaller area,million dollar block groups
$1.8 Million
$1.1 Million
$1.6 Million
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NC Framework
& What Works Effective Policies
&Reducing Recidivism Crime hat percent of arrests are attributableo probationers? essons from NY state
Probationers Account for Only a Fraction of
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Probationers Account for Only a Fraction ofArrests
*stimated 2009 NC Arrests Attributable toProbationers
Crime Type StatewideArrests
ProbationerArrests
%Probationers
Total ,446 267 ,43 573 %10
**Violent ,74 824 ,7 220 %10Property ,96 926 ,14 494 %15
Drug ,36 812 ,10 517 %29
Other ,237 705 ,11 341 %5
* Based on analysis of FY06 probation placement sample with arrestswithin 3 years of placement
** -Includes non aggravated assault
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Lessons from New York
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c n g ra e g e s a n r ve o w n orim en d C rim in a l Ju stice P o p u la tio n s,ut criminal justiceopulations actuallydeclined
rison Populatio- %0 -2000 2009
n New York,ity policencreasedrrestsYC Jail Population- %0
-1991 2009
.robation Pop- %9 -1998 2008
otal Arrests+ %2 -1992 2009
CR Index Crime- %2 -1988 2008
ecause police increased misdemeanorrrestsnd decreased felony arrestselony Arrests- %0 -1993 2009
.isd Arrests+ %4 -1993 2009
ll whilerime dropped
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Next Steps
OctoberStakeholder meetings
November
JR Work Group meeting December
Develop a policy framework tailoredfor NC
JanuaryJR Work Group meeting to review
frameworkConference to share findings and
policy options
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hank You
egan Grasso,olicy Analyst Justice Reinvestment.grasso@csg org