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Welcome to AP BiologySaturday Study Session
Nervous and Immune Systems
Question 1
dClue: the most similar
Various types of receptors have evolved to detect signals
Electroreceptors
ChemoreceptorsInfrared receptors
MechanoreceptorsPhotoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Question 2
dClue: myelin
Schwann cells are separated by gaps of unsheathed axon over which the impulse travels
Question 3
bClue: adding positive charge
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Question 4
cClue: find resting, depolarization and
repolarization
Generation of Action Potential
1. 2.
3. 4.
K�
K�
K�
K�
Na�
Na�
Na�
Actionpotential
Axon
Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Actionpotential
Actionpotential
2
1
3
Conduction of Action
Potential
Question 5
aClue: more acetylcholine and stimulatory
Transmission of information between neurons occurs across synapses
The response can be stimulatory or inhibitory
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Question 6
bClue: insects lack specific defense
responses
Specific vs. Nonspecific Responses
Example of Non‐specific Defenses:
Phagocytosis
Question 7
cClue: B cells produce antibodies
Humoral Immune Response
Cell‐mediated Immune Response
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Math Grid In 1
The correct answer: ‐72 mV
Solution:Summation = add
Starting membrane potential = ‐70 mVIPSP = ‐0.5 mV x 6 = ‐3.0 mVEPSP = 0.5 mV x 2 = 1.0 mV‐70 mV + (‐3.0 mV) + 1.0 mV = ‐72.0 mVNearest whole number = ‐72 mV
Short Free Response 14 points possible
Stimulus/Receptor Action (1 pt)• Stimulus (sound waves, pressure, etc.) producing an appropriate receptor
action (eardrum vibrating, cochlear hairs vibrating or bending, etc.)Input/Sensory/Afferent (1 pt)• Signal direction toward the central nervous systemIntegration (1 pt)• Processing/Interpretation by CNS• Interneurons/Association/CommunicatingOutput/Motor/Efferent Response (1 pt)• Signal direction toward effectors or description of the response (e.g., increase
in blood pressure or heart rate, muscle contraction; not just turning head)Possible Elaboration (1 pt)• Neural electrophysiology (e.g., action potential, neurotransmitters, synapse)• Neuron structure and impulse pathway• Sensory physiology
Nervous system detects signals, transmits and integrates information and produces responses
Reflex arcs produce fast responses due to no brain involvement Short Free Response 2
4 points possible
Identification – 1 pt Explanation – 1 ptPhysical barriers such asthorns and trichomes
Decrease grazing, prevent insect eggs from reaching epidermis
Chemical defenses such as production of distasteful or toxic compounds
Repel or damage tissues of herbivores
Physical barriers such as cell wall, epidermis and bark
Block pathogen entry
Chemical defenses such as hypersensitivity response and systemic acquired resistance
Prevent spread of pathogen to healthy tissues, activate defense responses throughout the plant
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Hypersensitivity Response and
Systemic Acquired Resistance
Long Free Response
Please see the rubric in the separate folder.