The New Deal The New Deal and World War IIand World War II

Georgia History Chapter 18Georgia History Chapter 18

Mrs. HollandMrs. Holland

The president of the United States The president of the United States when the Great Depression began when the Great Depression began was Herbert Hoover. was Herbert Hoover. – Even though President Hoover set up Even though President Hoover set up

government programs to stimulate the government programs to stimulate the economy, he was still blamed for the economy, he was still blamed for the depression.depression. These programs lent money to keep banks These programs lent money to keep banks

and businesses operating and bout surplus and businesses operating and bout surplus farm products.farm products.

The New DealThe New Deal Franklin D. Roosevelt won the Franklin D. Roosevelt won the

presidency by promising a “New presidency by promising a “New Deal” Deal”

– Series of economic recovery programs Series of economic recovery programs created in an effort to end the created in an effort to end the depression and prevent another.depression and prevent another.

Goals :Goals : – ReliefRelief– RecoveryRecovery– ReformReform

Roosevelt received treatment for his Roosevelt received treatment for his polio in Warm Springs, Georgia.polio in Warm Springs, Georgia.

– The time he spend in Georgia influenced The time he spend in Georgia influenced the programs he created as part of the the programs he created as part of the New Deal to help the nation recover New Deal to help the nation recover from the Depression. from the Depression.

Governor Talmadge – Opposed minimum Governor Talmadge – Opposed minimum wage requirements of the New Deal wage requirements of the New Deal because:because: It threatened white supremacyIt threatened white supremacy All jobs do not require equal laborAll jobs do not require equal labor It would hurt private enterprise by paying It would hurt private enterprise by paying

too high a wage.too high a wage.

– The New Deal was supported in Georgia The New Deal was supported in Georgia by Governor E.D. Rivers.by Governor E.D. Rivers.

Georgia’s “little New Deal”Georgia’s “little New Deal”

Governor Rivers fully supported the Governor Rivers fully supported the New Deal and instituted reforms of New Deal and instituted reforms of his own called Georgia’s “little New his own called Georgia’s “little New Deal.”Deal.”

– Programs involved education, highway Programs involved education, highway safety, and hospitals.safety, and hospitals.

Relief ProgramsRelief Programs

Civilian Conservation Corps – set up to Civilian Conservation Corps – set up to put young men to work in rural and put young men to work in rural and forest areas, planting trees and forest areas, planting trees and terracing fields to prevent soil erosion.terracing fields to prevent soil erosion.

Public Works Administration – Put men Public Works Administration – Put men to work on public construction projects, to work on public construction projects, such as schools, auditoriums, hospitals, such as schools, auditoriums, hospitals, dams, rods, bridges and ships.dams, rods, bridges and ships.

The Works Progress Administration The Works Progress Administration biggest and most controversial work biggest and most controversial work relief program. It put construction relief program. It put construction workers, artists, musicians and workers, artists, musicians and writers to work. They did things like writers to work. They did things like clear slums, build power plants, and clear slums, build power plants, and providing free plays and concerts for providing free plays and concerts for communities.communities.

Recovery ProgramsRecovery Programs

Agricultural Adjustment Administration Agricultural Adjustment Administration – Set up to increase farm income up to – Set up to increase farm income up to WWI levels by paying farmers to WWI levels by paying farmers to produce LESS.produce LESS.

Farm Security Administration – Relieve Farm Security Administration – Relieve rural poverty / gave loans and rural poverty / gave loans and assisted farmers in trying new crops assisted farmers in trying new crops and taught them farm managementand taught them farm management

National Recovery Administration – National Recovery Administration – helped business and industry & their helped business and industry & their employees by specifying how much employees by specifying how much would be produced, the prices to be would be produced, the prices to be charged and wages to be paid.charged and wages to be paid.

Federal Deposit Insurance Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – Restored confidence in Corporation – Restored confidence in banks by insuring against lossbanks by insuring against loss

Reform ProgramsReform Programs

Rural Electrification Administration – Rural Electrification Administration – provided electricity at affordable provided electricity at affordable prices to rural areas of the countryprices to rural areas of the country

Securities & Exchange Commission – Securities & Exchange Commission – Oversaw the buying and selling of Oversaw the buying and selling of stocks.stocks.

National Labor Relations Board – To National Labor Relations Board – To protect workers who wanted to protect workers who wanted to create unionscreate unions

Tennessee Valley Authority – Build Tennessee Valley Authority – Build dams and operated power plants to dams and operated power plants to provide low cost electricity to people provide low cost electricity to people in seven states. in seven states.

Social Security Act – set up to provide Social Security Act – set up to provide government retirement pay (pensions) government retirement pay (pensions) to older citizens and money to help to older citizens and money to help people who were unemployed or people who were unemployed or unable to work.unable to work.

Rivers as governorRivers as governor

In order to pay for the programs in In order to pay for the programs in his “little New Deal,” he set up his “little New Deal,” he set up authorities for different projects.authorities for different projects.

Under Arnall’s term as Under Arnall’s term as GovernorGovernor

The Constitution of 1877 was rewritten The Constitution of 1877 was rewritten because it contained over 300 because it contained over 300 changes. This made it very confusing. changes. This made it very confusing. – This new Constitution limited the powers This new Constitution limited the powers

of governor.of governor.

– During his term, the poll tax was dropped, During his term, the poll tax was dropped, 18 year olds could vote, the white 18 year olds could vote, the white primary was abolished and he ended the primary was abolished and he ended the use of chain gangs.use of chain gangs. Georgia is the first state to lower the voting Georgia is the first state to lower the voting

age to 18.age to 18.

Talmadge as GovernorTalmadge as Governor

Won election by suggesting that New Won election by suggesting that New Deal programs would end Deal programs would end segregation. segregation.

In 1941, the University of Georgia lost In 1941, the University of Georgia lost its accreditation with SACCS because its accreditation with SACCS because Governor Talmadge fired two Governor Talmadge fired two administrators who supported administrators who supported integration.integration.

WWIIWWII

During the Great Depression, many During the Great Depression, many nations turned to dictators to solve nations turned to dictators to solve their economic problems.their economic problems.

WWII began when Britain and France WWII began when Britain and France declared war on Germany….Germany declared war on Germany….Germany had invaded Poland.had invaded Poland.

The United States entered WWII when The United States entered WWII when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.

Hitler launched a massive three-month Hitler launched a massive three-month “lightening war” on its European “lightening war” on its European neighbors. Denmark, Norway, Belgium, neighbors. Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland and France fell to Luxembourg, Holland and France fell to the Germans.the Germans.

Germany then launched an air attack on Germany then launched an air attack on Great Britain. In nightly raids, German Great Britain. In nightly raids, German bombers dropped thousands of bombers dropped thousands of explosives on London, but the city did explosives on London, but the city did not surrender. This is known as the not surrender. This is known as the Battle Of Britain.Battle Of Britain.

The “Home of the US Infantry,” with The “Home of the US Infantry,” with the largest infantry school in the the largest infantry school in the world, was at Fort Benning, Georgia. world, was at Fort Benning, Georgia. (Near Columbus)(Near Columbus)

Lend-Lease Act – Before entering the Lend-Lease Act – Before entering the war, the US allowed Britain to borrow war, the US allowed Britain to borrow or lease supplies, equipment and food or lease supplies, equipment and food in its fight against Germany.in its fight against Germany.

The Belle Aircraft Corporation, as The Belle Aircraft Corporation, as well as the shipyards in coastal well as the shipyards in coastal Georgia not only produced aircraft Georgia not only produced aircraft and ships for wartime, but also and ships for wartime, but also employed women to do jobs employed women to do jobs traditionally considered to be “men’s traditionally considered to be “men’s work.”work.”

By the end of WWII, more Georgians By the end of WWII, more Georgians were employed in manufacturing were employed in manufacturing than agriculture.than agriculture.

Holocaust – The WWII policy of Hitler Holocaust – The WWII policy of Hitler and Nazi Germany to kill millions of and Nazi Germany to kill millions of innocent Jews. innocent Jews. – Not only were the Jews targeted, but Not only were the Jews targeted, but

also the physically and mentally also the physically and mentally handicapped, the elderly, and those to handicapped, the elderly, and those to young or weak to work.young or weak to work. In the beginning, the “camps” were set up In the beginning, the “camps” were set up

to house political prisoners. to house political prisoners.

May 7May 7thth, 1945, Germany surrendered , 1945, Germany surrendered to the Allies but Japan continued to to the Allies but Japan continued to fight.fight.

– President Truman gave the order to use a President Truman gave the order to use a new secret weapon, the atomic bomb. new secret weapon, the atomic bomb. August 6, 1945 - a B-29 bomber dropped the August 6, 1945 - a B-29 bomber dropped the

first bomb on Hiroshima, instantly killing first bomb on Hiroshima, instantly killing 70,000 80,000 civilians. Three days later 70,000 80,000 civilians. Three days later another was dropped on Nagasaki killing about another was dropped on Nagasaki killing about half that number. half that number.

August 15, 1945 – Japan surrendersAugust 15, 1945 – Japan surrenders

TermsTerms

Authority – special purpose public Authority – special purpose public corporation set up by the corporation set up by the government. They perform a specific government. They perform a specific function and may be given special function and may be given special powers that a regular government powers that a regular government agency cannot have (such as agency cannot have (such as borrowing money).borrowing money).

Dictator – Ruler with absolute Dictator – Ruler with absolute authorityauthority

Integration – Bringing together people Integration – Bringing together people of different races and allowing them of different races and allowing them equal access to places. Schools, equal access to places. Schools, hospitals…hospitals…

Nationalism – strong feelings for one’s Nationalism – strong feelings for one’s nation and its culture.nation and its culture.

Pacifist – someone who does not Pacifist – someone who does not believe in war under any circumstancesbelieve in war under any circumstances

Socialist – one who believes that the Socialist – one who believes that the government should own major services government should own major services and means of production.and means of production.

PeoplePeople Ellis Arnall – reformed state government Ellis Arnall – reformed state government

and rewrote the state constitution. During and rewrote the state constitution. During his term as governor, the power of the his term as governor, the power of the governor was reduced.governor was reduced.

Lucius D. Clay – general who was famous Lucius D. Clay – general who was famous for keeping American troops in Europe for keeping American troops in Europe suppliedsupplied

E.D. Rivers – “little New Deal” in GeorgiaE.D. Rivers – “little New Deal” in Georgia Richard Russell – US senator who helped Richard Russell – US senator who helped

establish military installations in Georgiaestablish military installations in Georgia Carl Vinson – US representative who Carl Vinson – US representative who

sponsored legislation creating the US sponsored legislation creating the US Army Air Corps (Air Force)Army Air Corps (Air Force)