ResearchFARMRetail Analysts

NEWREPORT ONLINE GROCERY

www.researchfarm.co.uk

May 2015

INSIDE:Key questions

answered +table of contents

ONLINE GROCERY REPORT 2015 - EUROPEHere come the discounters – will they take over

from the multi channel grocers?Multichannel online grocery and creating marketplace platforms

10s OF COMPANIES PROFILED

Aarstiderne•Ahold•Alcampo•Allyouneed•Alma•Alnatura•Amazon•Asda•Auchan•Bringmeister•Carrefour•Casino•CBA•Cdiscount•Chronodrive•Cnova•Colruyt•Condis•Coop•Cora•Cortilia•Delhaize•DHL•Dia•Dm•E.Leclerc•ElCorteIngles•eMAG.ro•Eroski•

Esselunga•frisco.pl•G’Roby•Gastrohaus•HiperDirect•HokElanto•Jumbo•Kesko•Konzum•Larepera.net•Leaderprice•Leshop•Lidl•LinasMatkasse•LouisDelhaize•Mercadona•Mytime•Nemlig•Ocado•Ooshop•Real•Rewe•Rohlik•Supermercado24•Tesco•Tudespensa.com•Ulabox•Unilever•

14 reasons for multichannel grocers to team up with new online food startups and organic farmers markets

5 key benefits of connected kitchen devices

7 number of discounters going into online grocery

€30-€247 average basket sizes of the various online grocery retailers

KEY QUESTIONS ANSWERED

Discounters:

Whichdiscountersalreadyofferahomedeli-•veryserviceforatotalgroceryshop–notjustwine,nonfoodandshelfstableproducts?

Whichdiscountersarefurthestintheirdevelo-•pmentofclick&collectoptions?

Whichdiscountersarefurthestintheirdevelo-•pmentofdrives?

Which discounter provides a model for Aldi•andLidl?

Multichannel transformation:

Which multichannel retailers are furthest in•theirtransformationtowardsomnichannel?

Whyisthenextstepforonlinegrocerytackling•thenonfoodissue?

Whyisoperatinga3Pmarketplacesuchawin-•ningproposition?

Why are online marketplaces so successful?•Whichsmallplayersarerivallingthemultina-tionalsby leveraging local?Whyaremarket-placessoimportantfortheFMCGindustry?

Whatisthetruepotentialinsubscriptionsser-•vices?Whichretailersaretheonestowatchinthisspace?

Whatarethelatestdevelopmentsintermsof•thedriveconcept?Howsuccessfulwillparcelboxesbe?

Countries:

WhichcountriesleadthewayinEuropeanon-•line grocery?Where are the fastest growingmarkets?

WhyisSpaintheperfectmarkettotestonline•grocerystartupbusinessmodels?WhatarethetwodistinctivefeaturescharacterisingSpanishonlinegrocery?

When will AmazonFresh arrive in Germany?•Willa$299primefreshfeeworkinGermany?

Whatisthebiggestthreattoonlinegroceryin•Germany?How isAmazon.de combating thethreat?WhoarethemaindomesticplayersintheGermanmarket?

WhatarethemostinterestingmodelsinCEE?•

What does Swedish company LinasMatkasse•bring to the online grocery table? How hasitbecome influential?What ishappeningel-sewhereintheNordicregion?

What is the future of the drive concept in•France?WhoisthebestomnichannelplayerinFranceandwhy?

Who are the major domestic and foreign•playersintheCEEcountriesofPoland,Roma-nia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary andCroatia?

Retailers:

What is the significance of Dutch retailer•Ahold’s acquisition of non-food online mar-ketplaceBOL.com in termsof shapingonlinegrocery?

How is Colruyt disrupting online grocery in•Belgium?

InwhatwaysisE.LeclercaninnovatorinFrench•onlinegrocery?Whichglobalplayer is tryingtocatchup?

HowhasLeshopmanagedtogrowitsbasket•size to more than the average of EU onlinegrocery?

What is so interestingaboutCarrefour’soos-•hoptrialsinLyon?

What is the role of postal services providers•suchasDHLorSwissPost?

HowsuccessfulwillUnileverbewithUlabox?•

Connected kitchen devices:

What are Amazon Dash, Izy and Connected•Kitchen?What trend do they represent andare they a glimpse into the future of onlinegrocery?

What are themajor 5 benefits of connected•kitchendevices?

Willtheymoveontowearables?•

UnlikeintheUS,wherenewstartupssuchasmealsolutionproviders,takeawaydeliveryservicesandonlinefarmersmarketssuchasPlated,GrubHubandGoodEggsorthedeliverystartupsInstacartandPostmatesarechallengingthestatusquo,intheEU,whereonlinegroceryismuchmoredeveloped,themultichannelretailershaveanotherthingtofearaltogether:thediscountersurge.

Andunlikeinthepast,thediscountershavestartedtoofferafullgroceryshop, includingchilledandfrozenproducts,not just thewineornonfoodoptionsofyesterday–butaproperbasketatdiscounterpricesnoless.

FromthelikesofColruyt,MercadonatoLeaderpriceandDiatoLidlandevenAldi now considering entering the space, the discounters’ entryintothesectorwillchangetheeconomicsofonlinegrocerybeyondallrecognitiononceagain–throughbrutalpricedeflationforastart.

Themultichannelretailershavetoreactandalreadythereisamodel–andlikethedrivesinnovationitcomesonceagainfromFrance.ThestandoutoperatorsofthisbusinessmodelareCasinoandanotheronlinegrocerypioneer,AholdintheNetherlands.

Bothhavestartedtofollowcustomerexpectationsbyofferingfoodandnonfoodonlineinamuchmorecombinedway(arealityalsoreflectedintheUK,wheretheplayersarefinallymergingtheirvariousstandalonesites)exploitingcross-sellopportunities.

Casino’s Cdiscount is clearly the outstanding player, with its highlysuccessfulCleMarcheoperation,itsharnessingofcrosssellopportunitiesanddrivingcrosspromotionsinCasino’shypermarkets,(suchasonlinepricesinofflineenvironments,oneofflongtailpromotionsetc),andofcoursetheclick&collectexecution.

However the real crucial element in the strategy isopeningup to3Pplayers,soineffectoperatingamarketplacemodelnottoodissimilartoAmazon.ForbothCasinoandAholdtheGMVfrom3Pplayersisgrowingrapidlyandmuchfasterthanthe1Pbusiness.

Another growth opportunity for online grocery is much deeperembedding into consumers’ lives through connected kitchen devicessuchasAmazondash,Chronodrive’sIzy,Waitrose’sHikuorCarrefour’sdevicelaunchedintotheBelgianmarket.

Thesedevicesareasupremeloyaltyandecosystemtieintoolanddisablemuchpricecomparison.InfutureweexpectthesoftwaretomoveontotheApplesmartwatchandotherwearabledevices.Howeverfornowtheywillnecessarilyremainratherniche.

Otheropportunities for futuregrowthacross theEU include theB2Bopportunity,withcanteens,kindergardens,factoriesidentifiedasnewclients–especiallyasfoodserviceingeneralhasseensuchatransformationtowardsfoodtrucks,premiumisationandfragmentation.

Nowthatonlinegrocers’B2Coperationshavebeensetup,theinvestmentand logistics footprint and assets can be made to work harder bycompetingwith the traditionalwholesale trade aswell aswith foodserviceproviders.

This report serves two purposes. On the one hand, it is a discussionofthevariouskeymarketsandplayersoperatingintheEUspaceandontheother, itgetsreaderstoconsiderthedirectioninwhichonlinegroceryisheading:Willthediscounterssucceedate-commerce?Aretheconnected kitchendevices a serious glimpse into the future or just agimmick?CouldgroceryretailersbetemptedtoadoptanAmazon-style1Pand3Pbusinessmodel?

Lookingahead, the intersectionbetweenonlineand foodwill createnewbusinessmodels thatare set todisrupt themultichannelgrocersandtheirsometimesstillfledglingofferings.Thereisundoubtedlymuchmoretocomegoingforward.

INTRODUCTION

FEATURES & BENEFITS

1) Country profiles - Sizes and forecast of online grocery in the EU, analysis of the core markets and the opportunity in Central Eastern Europe

Detailed statistics on the online grocery sector in the EU •and forecast to 2019 by market

=> Understand the dynamics of the sector, growth opportunities, white spaces and size of the price

2) Business model analysis - Company profiles of the major standout players and their latest developments and data

Thorough, deep dive business model analysis of the •major players in the EU context

Data on the various drive and click & collect solutions •per retailer, customer numbers, orders, average basket size, sales per drive etc

A complete overview of the EU online grocery market, •risers and fallers, innovators and laggards

Insights into numerous start up players in the recipe •bags and online food marketplaces space

=> Learn from best practice and innovators, Benchmark against the best in class operators, obtain hard to find data

=> Gain insights into some of the lesser-known online players that are nevertheless redefining online grocery

FEATURES & BENEFITS

3) Analysis of the strategic issues facing the sector going forward

Omnichannel strategy – implications and key to•success

Calculatetherisksandobstaclesthatneedtobe•circumvented and gain a glimpse intowhat thefuture online grocery business model will looklike

=> Learn how to become a true multichannel retailer and what is required for the transformation – from comprehensive food and non food synergies to 3P platforms

=> Get a glimpse into the future and key recommendations of what to tackle next

4) Strategic recommendations - how to deal with the discounters, connected kitchen devices and online farmers markets

Thestateofplayinfulfillment:homedelivery,click•andcollectanddrives...andwheretoinvestmoneynext – taking into accountwhat thediscounterswilldonext

Futureproofyourbusinessbyfindingnewstrategic•innovationsforhomedelivery,connectedkitchendevices, platform andmarketplace operations intheonlinegroceryspace

=> Learn why combining a professional online grocery offer with artisanal 3P sellers is so promising

Table Of Contents (1/6)

Executive summary p16

The context: EU Grocery Retailing in 2014 p17

Grocerysizes:EU27,2009-2014in‘000€bn,e p24Grocerysizes:shopperscutback,shoparoundandgotoharddiscounters p25Grocerysizes:EU27,2008-2014growthin% p26Grocerysizes:EU272008-13growthin%,rankings&analysis p27Grocerypercapitasizes:EU27in2013in€,fromFinlandtoBulgaria p28

EU Grocery Retailing in 2015 – Online sizes p29

Onlinegrocerysizes:EU27,2009-2014in€me p30Onlinegrocerysizes:thetransformationofthesector,analysis p31Online%shareoftotalgrocery2011-14:EU27,UK,France,Benelux p32Onlinegrocerysizes:Scandinaviaahotbedofdevelopment,toughGermanmarket p33Onlinegrocerysizes:CEEtheopportunity,drivenbyAuchan,Tescoetal p34Onlinegrocerysizes:Top3accountformorethan4inevery€5spent p35

Forecast for EU online grocery p36

Onlinegrocerysizes:EUGrowthratesandforecastto2017,whenwillAMZNFresharrive? p37Forecast2009-2019:data,EUOnlinegroceryin€m,exponentialgrowth p38

Benelux – Netherlands p39

AlbertHeijn:theonlinegroceryopportunity,fromBOL.comtoPUPs p40AlbertHeijn:cannibalisationversusloyalty,realincrementalinvestmentinBOL p41Ahold:theBOLacquisitionandthetransformationtoa3Pmarketplaceplatform p42Ahold:3Pmarketplaceaccountingfor16%ofGMV,theAHoverlap p43Offeringanintegratedsolution,Ahold&BOL p44Recentkeydevelopments:BOL’s3Pshit€100minsales p45Ahold:OnlinegrocerystatsatAhold,noimpairmentchargesonstoreestate p46Netherlands:Jumbo’sc&cprovidingsomemuchneededcompetitivepressure p47

Benelux – Belgium p48

Belgium:DelhaizeGroup–underpressurefromthediscounters p49Belgium:Delhaizeofferinghomedeliveriesandclick&collect p50Belgium:LouisDelhaizelauncheswink,astandalonedrivemodel p51Colruyt:Collect&GO,CollishopandCollivery,5knewcustomerspercollectionpoint p52Colruyt:Collect&GO,secondDCtoservepickupdemand,650,000ordersp.a. p53Colruyt:Collect&GOdriveopened,amodelforAldiandLidl? p54Colruyt:CollishopworkshopsandColliverytargetingtheB2Bopportunity p55Belgium:Carrefour’sconnectedkitchen,agreatstepforwardinfoodretailing? p56

Table Of Contents (2/6)

France: the invention and innovation of le drive, the golden age is over p57

France:thehomeofthedrives,603newopeningsin2014 p58Drives:Outletnumbersperretailer,Q12015France p59France:thedifferencebetweenpuredrivesandpickuppoints,Nielsenfigures p60France:2014drivesalesperretailer,AuchanAubagnewith€19.4minsales p61France:thedrivephenomenonisrunningoutofsteam,anewera p62France:3pointgrowthdifferencebetweenadriveandnodriveatsupermarkets p63France:investmentsinstandalonedrivesaredown p64

Company profiles – France’s leading players p65

E.Leclerc:drivemarketleader,€1.9bninsalesin2014,rapidgrowth p66E.Leclerc:innovationfromaratherconservativeplayer p67E.Leclerc:testingnewmodels,centralcommissioning,nonfood,drivehybrids p68E.Leclerc:thepizzaandsushidrives,updatingandcombiningtheoffer,highways p69E.Leclerc:slowdownandclosuresahead,adrivefordowntown p70

Carrefour:stillplayingcatchupinonlinegrocery p71Carrefour:OoshopandelectriccarstrialsintheoldtownofLyon p72Ooshop:drawingdaisiespetalloopsaroundde-centralandlocaldepots p73Carrefour:usingtheSeineforonlinegrocerydeliveries,sharingloadsinParis p74Dia:thefirstdiscountertolaunchaclick&collectservice p75Dia:cheaperthaninstore,fasterthandrivesand€30averagebaskets p76Dia:cateringtopedestrians,trialwidenedout,Franceonlyfornow–nowclosed p77

Casino:Casino,Cdiscountanddrives,thebestFrenchomnichannelplayer p78Cdiscount/Cnova:Cdiscountgoing3P,GMVgrowth,internationalising,theIPO p79Cdiscount/Cnova:6thlargestinternationallistedplayer,22sitesin11countries p80GroupeCasino:theFrenchonlinegroceryoffer,homedelivery,drives,click&collect p81OfferinganintegratedsolutionCasino&Cdiscount p82Casino/Cdiscount:FBAequivalent,logisticsinhouse,CleMarchérunawaysuccess p83CleMarché:localcommerce,stats p84Cdiscount:goingoffline,launchingatablet,buildinganecosystem,DIY p85Cdiscount:leveragingitsmarketplacemodeland3Psellersinfoodtoo? p86

Table Of Contents (3/6)

Leaderdrive:thefirstdiscounterwithadrive,operationalinjust3days p87

Auchan:theinnovator,thee-commercestructure,Auchandirect,Auchan.fr,Grossbill p88Auchan:€1,154min2014forAuchan.fr,Auchandirect,GrosBill,1hourslots p89AuchanDirect:”drives”forpedestriansinParis,trolleyhire p90Auchan:figures,hypervs.Chronodrive2014,averagesalesandgrowth p91Auchan:figures,hypervs.Chronodrive2014,averagesalesandgrowth,analysis p92TheChronodrivemodel:theinnovator p93Chronodrive:arterialroads,puresolutionversusaddon,costmanagement p94Chronodrive:Asnotradingpermitswereneeded,aboomintheformatfollowed p95Chronodrive:recentdevelopments,Chronovillage,Mag&Drive p96Chronodrive:thefirstmoverdilemma,allthestats p97Chronodrive:lossesleadingtoclosures,puremodelatadisadvantage? p98Chronodrive:launchingtheIzyscanner,buildinganecosystem p99Chronodrive:targetof20,000customersforitsversionofthedash p100

The outlook for drives in France p101 France:combiningtheopportunitiesofthedrivewiththestore,innovation p102France:theLoiDuflotandTascomcurtailingtheboom p103France:shiftfromexpansiondrivengrowthtolfl,pureplaysbenefit p104

Germany: all eyes on AmazonFresh’s arrival p105

Germany:OnlinegrocerygoingheadtoheadwithLidlandAldi,Amazon.de p106AmazonFresh:FreshrolledouttoGermanyfirst?Rewesayso… p107

Company profiles – Germany’s leading players p108

Amazon:GermanyhasbecomeAmazon’smostimportantforeignmarket p109Amazon:Amazon1Pand3Pdeliveryissues p110Amazon:expansionofgroceryranges,will$299primefreshfeeworkinGermany? p111Amazon:statsandthecrucialimportanceofthe3Psellersonthemarketplace p112Amazon:AmazonPLgroceryproductinGermany,firstmarketlaunch p113

mytime:Buentingpioneeringnationalonlinegrocerycoverage p114mytime:focusontheB2Bopportunity,targetof50%,efficiencyandutilisation p115mytime:goingintoniches,cooperatingwithbothDHLandDPD p116

Lidl:onlineoperations,hugebrandednonfoodpresenceonline,international p117Lidl:tacklingthenonfoodissue,easieratLidlthanatKaufland p118Lidl:onlinerelaunchinGermany,coffeeworld,wine,petfoods,nappiesetc p119Lidl:onlineturnoverfiguresinGermany p120Lidl:onlinehealth&beautylaunch,privatelabelandFMCGAbrands,multichannel p121

Table Of Contents (4/6)

Lidl: the future potential, h&b online p122

Real:Real’sonlinegrocerysales–stronggrowthfromatiny,tinybase p123Real:driveonlyasanexperiment,whileGlobushasclosedonedownalready p124

Rewe:Onlinegrocerysaleshavequadrupledsince2011,investmentandincubator p125Rewe:thedriveoptions,internalexpectationsandforecastshavenotbeenmetyet p126Rewe:transparencydrive,websiterelaunchandbigdataapplication p127Rewe:cancellingpriceparityandheavycouponing,Tengelmann’sBringmeister p128

DHL:Germanpostinvestbigintoworkingunderutilisiedcapacityharder p129DHL:DHLtrialsparcelboxesandrollsthemoutnationwide p130Allyouneed:DHLbackedstartup,apartnertotheFMCGindustry p131DHL:secondDCintheCzechRepublic,openingtheCEEmarketstoo p132DHL:thesynergyeffects,reachof30mGermanshoppers,themultibox p133dm:launchingitstransactionalsitein2015,click&collectopportunity p134Alnatura:afterthedmfallouttheGourmondotieup,goingonline p135

Italy: catch up potential p136

Italy:onlinegroceryopportunityisonlyaddressedintheNorth p137Italy:sectorinliftoffmode,Frenchmultichannelspecialistsandstartups p138Cortilia:Vegetableboxschemeconnectinglocalfarmersandshoppers p139Cortilia:thesubscriptionoffer p140Supermercato24:Italy’sInstacartcopy,chargingapremium p141Supermercato24:Minimumdeliverytimeisanhour,cashondelivery p142Supermercato24:planstoserveallItalyandexpandingintoBritainandFrance p143Esselunga:marketleader,deliverychargeswaivedforoldagepensioners,turnover p144Esselunga:secondDClaunched,servicewidenedout,betterOSA p145Coop:onlinegroceryRomaonly,pushintononfoodin2013,tinyinonlinegrocery p146

Spain: tailwinds and start ups p147

Spain:macroeconomicliftofftochangethedynamicsofonlinegrocery p148Spain:dedicatedpureplayersandstartups p149Spain:onlinegrocerypricedeflationspellsgoodnews p150

Company profiles – Spain’s multichannel retailers p151

Mercadona:marketleader,discounterofferinghomedelivery p152Mercadona:click&collectopportunity,websiterelaunchrequired p153ElCorteIngles:HipercorandSupercor,multichannelopportunity p154ElCorteIngles:drivepotentialhigherduetoshopperprofile,targetingtourists p155

Table Of Contents (5/6)

Carrefour:moreaboutnonfoodonline p156Carrefour:VATdiscount,newapps,multichannelopportunity p157Eroski:onlinegroceryasonlybrightspot,launchingdrivesandc&c p158Alcampo:Auchanstrugglingwithclick&collectanddrivesinSpain p159Dia:discounteronlineinMadridonlyfornow p160Condis:regionalplayerloweringonlinegroceryprices p161December2014:LidllaunchesDeluxeonlineinSpain p162

Niche players: Online pure-plays p163

Larepera.net:multichannelvegetableboxscheme p164Tudespensa.com:thepantrywithpricecomparison p165Ulabox:Unilever’sattemptsatonlinegrocery,FMCGmusclingintothespace p166HiperDirect:startupwithafocusonfreshproduce p167HiperDirect:tryingtogetagriponlogisticsandcosts p168

The Nordics: a hotbed of development p169

Nemlig.com:frompureplaystartuptomarketleader,150%growthin2014 p170Nemlig.com:backingofDenmark’srichestman,Dagrofacooperation p171Nemlig.com:marketplacepioneerandtheclick&collectopportunity p172Aarstiderne:organicboxscheme,secondbiggestplayer p173Aarstiderne:verticalintegration,45differentkindsofboxes p174Finland:HOKElantoopensthefirstFinishdarkstore,driveandairportpickup p175Finland:Keskoexpandsitsonlinegroceryservice,pureplaysenteringthemarket p176 Linas Matkasse and the copycats – recipe bag providers tackling delivery costs differently – the subscription solution and unique product p177

LinasMatkasse:Swedishinnovation,therecipebagprovider p178LinasMatkasse:curatedshoppinginonlinegrocery,skillsenhancer p179LinasMatkasse:innovativeloyaltygeneration,thedata p180LinasMatkasse:foreignexpansion,cooperationwithanomnichannelgrocer? p181LinasMatkasse:latestdevelopments,stretchingtheoffer p182LinasMatkasse:sellingout,astheSamwersstartpushinghellofresh p183

Switzerland: the pioneer p184

LeShop:CHF165min2014,returntogrowth,partneringwithSwissPost p185LeShop:amodelforothermarkets? p186LeShop:linkupwithSwissPost,homedeliveriesonlypmorevenings,nowalldayforthefirsttimep187LeShop:AveragespendatCHF248(€236)in2013,leadingtheEUplayers p188LeShop:thedata,55kregularannualcustomers,averagebasket>2xasbigasEUsector p189LeShop:M-commerceandtheMigrosadvantage,loyaltyandcumuluspoints p190LeShop:seconddriveopenedinJanuary2015,strongstart p191LeShop:LeShopCHF1.9mindrivesalesin6months,C&CatSwissRail p192

Table Of Contents (6/6)

Central Eastern Europe p193

Poland:ApromisingmarketledbyTesco p194Poland:frisco.pl,Alma,AuchanDirect.pl p195Romania:eMAG.roandCora,DelhaizeandLouisDelhaize p196Romania:Carrefour,homedelivery,driveopportunity? p197CzechRepublic:LeadersTescotohavesomecompany p198CzechRepublic:Rohlik,deliveryin90minsevendaysaweek p199Slovakia:Tescodominantonlineplayer,Carrefourclosingitsdrive p200Slovakia:Tescoexperimentingwithdeliveryfees,Gastrohaus p201Hungary:Tesco,Orbanadministration’simpactonretail,G’Roby p202Hungary:G’Roby,CBA p203Croatia:Konzumbuildingoutitsleadershipposition p204

Strategies section - The hard discounters’ online push p205

Discounters:onlineasamajorthreatandakeyopportunityforothers… p206Discounters:…thingsarechangingfast,Netto,Dia,Leaderprice,Colruytand… p207Discounters:…Mercadona,whileLidlandAldiapproachonlineslowlyandcarefully p208

Connected kitchen devices – the internet of things p209

AmazonDash:scanandbutton,allinviteonlyandprimefornow p210Others:ChronodrivepartnershipwithHiku,Waitrose,CarrefourBelgium p211Carrefour:connectedkitcheninBelgium,agreatstepforwardinfoodretailing? p212Connectedkitchendevices:5commoncharacteristicsandbenefits p213Connectedkitchendevices:pointingtowardstheinternetofthings p214Connectedkitchendevices:movingtotheApplewatch? p215Connectedkitchendevices:OcadolaunchesgroceryappforAppleWatch p216

The multichannel opportunity – marketplaces and non food p217

Multichannel:implicationsandkeystosuccess,learningsfromAholdandCasino p218Non-foodmarketplaces:Grocerstransformingintotruemultichannelplayers p2193Pmodelinonlinegrocery:whatisinitforthegrocer?14reasonstogetinvolved(1-8) p2203Pmodelinonlinegrocery:whatisinitforthegrocer?14reasonstogetinvolved(9-14) p221

Outlook p222

Outlook:onlineassharebuilder,click&collect,discounterstoenter p223Outlook:Onlinegroceryasstrategicweapon,marketplaces p224Outlook:thisisonlythebeginning p225

Sources p226

Charts and Tables

Chart1&2:Grocerysizes:EU272008-13growthin%,rankings&analysis p27Charts3&4:Grocerypercapitasizes:EU27in2013in€,fromFinlandtoBulgaria p28Chart5:Onlinegrocerysizes:Top3accountformorethan4inevery€5spent p35Chart6:Forecast2009-2019:dataEUOnlinegroceryin€m,exponentialgrowth p38Chart7:Drives:Outletnumbersperretailer,Q12015France p59Chart8:Auchan:figures,hypervs.Chronodrive2014,averagesalesandgrowth p91Chart9:LeShop:thedata,55kregularannualcustomers,averagebasket>2xasbigasEUsector p189

Table1:Grocerysizes:EU27,2009-2014in‘000€bn,e p24Table2:Grocerysizes:EU27,2008-2014growthin% p26Table3:Onlinegrocerysizes:EU27,2009-2014in€me p30Table4:Online%shareoftotalgrocery2011-14:EU27,UK,France,Benelux p32Table5:France:2014drivesalesperretailer,AuchanAubagnewith€19.4minsales p61

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