New%2BMedia%2BStudies

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Study of New Media 1

A conceptual roadmap to

study new mediatechnologies


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A Conceptual Roadmap

Grant (2008)

The Umbrella Perspective5 levels of analysis: (within and cross levels)1. Hardware (functions, advancement, limitation)

2. Software (functions, advancement, limitation)

3. Organizational structure (organizations involved

in production and distribution of the technology)4. System (media, political, and economic systems)

5. Individual user (most social science studies)


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Individual

Social System

Organizational / infrastructure

Users

Hardware / software


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Factors influencing adoption at each level of

the umbrella:

1. enabling (macro: technology & policy)

2. limiting (macro: technology & policy)

3. motivating (micro: desire / need)

4. inhibiting (micro: disincentive)


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Leung (1996-2010)

By the medium*

By the technical functions of the medium**

By the uses and users of the medium ***

By the effects of the medium *** By the improvement of the medium **** more studies


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By the medium*: What (technology, services; hot vs. cold medium;

media richness; social presence theory)? How (function, cost, regulation)?

For whom (access; information rich vs. poor)?

Policy research

Technical/Engineering paper

E.g., factors influencing the adoption of HDTV and

digital TV (DTV); e.g., gratification-opportunities


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By the uses and users of the medium***:(behavioral/attitudinal)

(i.e., behavior/consumption, viewing patterns) How (time; displacement theory)?

Who (user profile; demographics; the have-nots,dropouts; the depressed, lonely, stressed, shy; self-esteem, introvert vs. extroverts; lifestyles, VALS)?

Why (media dependency, uses & gratifications,parasocial interaction; diffusion of innovations; mediarichness; expectancy values)?


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By the uses and users of the medium***:

Technology adoption in urban China

Net-generation, X-generation attributes Sensation seeking

Leisure boredom

Narcissism

Procrasination

Technographics

Where (home, school, work, privacy of bedroom)?


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By the effects of the medium***: (content)

social / psychological / cultural / political /

economic effects How (does it help, harm)?

What (effects: S-R Model, hypodermic needle,

social learning theory, cultivation theory, agenda

setting, framing, priming, Third-person effect, etc.)?

Who (children, adults, ethnicity, gender)?


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By the effects of the medium***: (content) Other effect studies:

Internet addiction / dependence

Social capital/involvement; social support

Quality of life (QoL)

Psychological empowerment; political efficacy

Aggressive, asocial, prosocial behavior

Depression and loneliness

CMC: hyperpersonality

Technology & leisure satisfaction

Stress reduction & technology use

Internet embeddedness (connectedness - ICI)

Procrastination

Information literacy


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By the improvement of the medium*

How (enhance, perfect)?

What (content, format, choices, video/audio, e.g.

stereo broadcast of football, drama, iTV,

streaming, talk back live, multiple-channel

drama, enhanced TV, a TiVo, webcasting,

2G=>3G, Web 1.0=>Web 2.0, etc.)?

Re-inventionFlash light application on mobile


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Pavlik (1998):New Media Technology:Cultural & Commercial Perspectives

By the technical functions of the technology:Production - gather, create, process, analyze,

sort, retrieve, repackage

Distribution - disseminate, transmit

Display - output

Storage - store or housing electronic information


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Production

technologies used to gather and process

information:

e.g. computers, digital camera, optical

scanner, remote sensing, 3D gears for

journalists, data mining software, (Chinese)

search engines, agents, filters, etc.


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Production: harms

displace human workers

threat to individual privacy

increase the cost of information (value-added)


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Production: harms

questions on ownership of information (IP)

repetitive stress injury (RSI)

spending long, uninterrupted periods typing on a

computer keyboard

Radiation emitted in cellular phone and cancerDanger of texting / twitting while driving

Sexting


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Distribution

transmission or movement of electronic

information over-the-air broadcasting

land-based telecommunications (twisted pair, optical

fiber, switched telephone network, integrated

services digital network (ISDN), asymmetricaldigital subscriber line (ADSL), coaxial cable (cable

TV)


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Distribution satellite communication (e.g. DBS)

wireless transmission (e.g. PCS) electrical power line

Intelligent home (e.g., screenfrige)


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Distribution

Positives:

target marketing

audience specialization

video-on-demand

telecommuting


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Distribution

Negative (social ills):

piracy of electronic information a multibilliondollar industry worldwide (illegal copies)

growing social fragmentation: information rich

and information poor - information underclass


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Display

a variety of technologies for presenting

information to the end user, audience member,or consumer of information


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Display

e.g. video, audio, text, data in tactile, touch-

sensitive format - multimedia computer,personal digital appliance (PDA), flat panel

screen, display telephone, interactive TV,

HDTV, virtual reality (data glove, and

bodysuit), graphics and animation in weather

reports


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Display

cultural and commercial consequences of these

technologies are not yet clearand often interactwith otherfactors such as the nature of the

content and the characteristics of the user

E.g., Roadshow? PDA? Mobile phone?

privatization ofpublic space


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Display

Negatives:

VDTs potential public health risks whenexposes to large doses of electromagnetic

radiation -- cancer, miscarriage, stress; potential

mental health risks if exposes heavily to violent

or sexist computer games; steady erosion in

literacy rate


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Storage

media used in housing information in electronic

formate.g., evolving from magnetic to optical , floppy;

magnetic hard drive; compact disc (CD-ROM);CD-I (educational games); laserdisc (for

movies); lasercard (Apple Newton orCasio/Tandy Zoomer); video server (tapelessTV station)

Date post:	07-Apr-2018
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