;Gb]z;zQmLs/0f

NEFINMay 2019

g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdn] …hnjfo' kl/jt{g, /]8Kn;, xl/t hnjfo' sf]if (Green Climate Fund/GCF) / cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/’ ljifos # lbg] tflnd–sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmd @)&% ;fn >fj0f @( b]lv #! Uft];Dd kf]v/fdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] ;+3Lo kl/ifb\ ;lrjfno, lhNnf ;dGjo kl/ifb\, ;+3Lo kl/ifb\ ;b:o÷;b:o ;+:yf / ;DaGwg

k|fKt ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwnufotsf cflbjf;L hghflt ;b:ox¿nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g, /]8Kn; / xl/t hnjfo'sf]ifaf/] hfgsf/L k|bfg Pj+ r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ / oL ljifox¿;Fu hf]l8Psf pgLx¿sf ;jfn tyf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttf tkm{ k}/jL ug]{ d"n p2]Zon] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf !! hgf lhNnf ;dGjo kl/ifb\, !& hgf hftLo ;+:yf / !) hgf dxf;+3 ;+3Lo kl/ifb\ ;lrjfnosf k|ltlglwx¿ u/L hDdf $@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

tflnddf hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL laifox¿sf] cWofjlws / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo vfsf dxf;GwLcGtu{tsf k]l/; ;Demf}tf / sfgs'g ;Demf}tfnufot cGt/f{li6«o b:tfj]hx¿df ePsf hnjfo' kl/jt{g / cflbjf;L hghflt;DaGwL d'Vo–d'Vo lg0f{o tyf k|fjwfgx¿af/] k|sfz kfl/of] . o; ;Gbe{df ;DalGwt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gx¿

cflbjf;L hghflt clwsf/sf nflu ;r]tgf, ;zQmLs/0f / ;xsfo{

!

;fy} g]kfnn] hgfPsf k|lta4tfx¿ / To;af6 l;lh{t bfloTjx¿;DaGwL klg 5nkmn ul/of] . oL ljifox¿pk/ cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdsf /fli6«o ;+of]hs 6'Ë eb| /fO{n] k|:t'lts/0f / 5nkmn ;xhLs/0f u/] . /fh' kl08t If]qLn] xl/t hnjfo' sf]if (GCF) sf] kl/ro, k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo / sfo{If]qaf/] k|sfz kf/]] . xl/t hnjfo' sf]if (GCF) sf] ljQLo ;xof]u lng g]kfnsf] rfn" k|of;, (GCF) ;Fu ;DjlGwt s[ofsnfkx¿ / kl/of]hgf th'{df, g]kfnsf] tof/L / pknAwLx¿jf/] onDj/ /fO{sf] k|:t'tL /x]sf] lyof] . ;fy}, sfo{qmddf g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf cWoIf hut a/fdn] dxf;+3sf] sfo{qmd / sfo{lbzf, pkfWoIf ls/0f ;'g'jf/n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/ /

cleofgaf/] k|:t'tL / 5nkmn ;+rfng u/] .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o; ;DaGwL gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf kl/of]hgfx¿af/] hfgsf/L kfO;s]kl5 ;xefuLx¿n] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;f];DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;femf cjwf/0ff a'Fbfut ¿kdf tof/ kf/]sf lyP . ;xefuLx¿n] ;f] ;femf cjwf/0ffnfO{ cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/ k}/jLsf ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg] k|lta4tf klg hfx]/ u/] .

cflbjf;L hghflt clwsf/sf nflu ;r]tgf, ;zQmLs/0f / ;xsfo{s} qmddf g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdn] …xl/t hnjfo' sf]if (GCF) nufot hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmdx¿df

cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/’ ljifos csf]{ # lbg] tflnd–sfof{zfnf uf]i7L cfof]hgf u/\of] . tflnd @)&% ;fn d+l;/ % b]lv & ut];Dd eQmk'/df ;+~rfng ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf hDdf #& hgf -@! k'?if, !& dlxnf_ ;xefuL lyP . uf]i7Ldf g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 ;+3Lo kl/ifb ;lrjfno, lhNnf ;dGjo kl/ifb\, ;+3Lo kl/ifb\ ;b:o÷;b:o ;+:yfnufot ;DaGwg k|fKt ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ ;xefuL lyP .

/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o If]qd} 68\sf/f] ljifo aGb} uO/x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;jfn, cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;fd"lxs clwsf/, hn, hldg / h+un;Fusf] cflbjf;L hghfltsf cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw / clwsf/af/], 5nkmn / ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug'{ sfo{qmdsf] d"n p2]Zo lyof] .

!= hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f / cg's"ng nufot hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;a} lqmofsnfkx¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/sf] ;DDffg ul/g'kg]{ .

@= hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f / cg's"ngnufot hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;a} lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;+rfng cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkq -UNDRIP_, cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g dxf;GwL !^( (ILO 169), hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo vfsf dxf;GwLcGtu{tsf sfgs'g ;Demf}tf / k]l/; ;Demf}tf, :jtGq tyf clu|d hfgsf/L;lxtsf] d~h'/Lsf] cjwf/0ff / cGo cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgod, sfg'g / dfkb08 cg'¿k x'g'kg]{ .

#= hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;f];DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sf/0faf6 cflbjf;L hghfltn] cfˆgf] k'Vof}{nL yftynf]af6 lj:yflkt x'g'kg]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf x'g gx'g] .

$= cflbjf;L hghfltsf d"t{ / cd"t{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿df gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ gx'g] / o:tf ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;/If0f / ;Da¢{g ul/g'kg]{ .

%= cflbjf;L hghfltsf] k|yfhlgt sfg"g, cEof; / k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / hLljsf]kfh{gdf cfwfl/t hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f / cg's"ngnufot cGo lqmofsnfksf] k|a¢{g ul/g'kg]{ .

^= hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f / cg's"ng;Fu ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltdf lglxt k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgaf/] 1fg, ;Lk, cEof; / d"No dfGotfsf] vf]h cg';Gwfg tyf b:tfj]hLs/0f u/L To:tf rLhx¿ pgLx¿sf] jf}l¢s ;DklQsf] ¿kdf sfod /xg] ;'lglZrt ul/g'kg]{ .

&= cflbjf;L hghfltsf k/Dk/fut k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;+/If0f cEof; / Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] plrt ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / k|a4{g ul/g'kg]]{ .

*= hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;f];DaGwL ljifox¿ tyf lqmofsnfkx¿af/]

cflbjf;L hghfltdf r]tgf / Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g'kg]]]{ .

(= hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;f];DaGwL ;"rgf / k|ljlwdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ul/g'kg]{ .

!)= hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;f] ;Gbe{df cflbjf;L hghflt;DaGwL ;"rgf ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf / Joj:yfkg ul/g'kg]{ .

!!= hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf ;a} tx, r/0f, ;+/rgf / ;+oGqdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] k"0f{ tyf k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf clgjfo{ ul/g'kg]{ .

!@= cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg;DaGwL l;sfOx¿ cfbfgk|bfg ug{, cjnf]sg e|d0fdf ;xof]u ul/g'kg]{]{ .

!#= cflbjf;L hghfltsf k/Dk/fut ;+:yfx¿ / k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l¢sf] nflu ;xof]u ul/g'kg]{] .

!$= cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;"rgf cg'udg k|0ffnL nfu" u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f / cg's"ngnufot ;a} lqmofsnfkdf cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ ;+nUg u/fOg'kg]{] .

!%= cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfx¿df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] gsf/fTds k|efj ;a}eGbf a9L kg]{ x'gfn] cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfx¿sf] k"0f{ tyf k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf, r]tgf clej[l¢, Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if Joj:yfx¿ Ufl/g'kg]{ .

!^= k'gjf{;sf] Joj:yf ug}{kg]{ jfWotf cfOk/]df ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo ¿kn] plrt :yfgsf] rog ul/g'kg]{ . -k'gjf{; cflbjf;L hghfltsf nflu sNkgfeGbf aflx/sf] ljsNk xf] . ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / cGo ljljw sf/0fn] k'gjf{; cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;':t ;fd"lxs xTof ;/x xf] ._

hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;f];DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;femf cjwf/0ff

@

;f] ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfn, ;/f]sf/ / clwsf/sf ljifodf k|:t'tL / 5nkmn ul/of] . tflnddf hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo vfsf dxf;lGw (UNFCCC) / o;sf kIf /fi6«x¿sf]

;Dd]ng (Conference of Parties/ COP) n] ljleGg ;dodf u/]sf lg0f{o / ;Demf}tfnufot xl/t hnjfo' sf]if -GCF_ sf] af/]df k|:t'tL / 5nkmn ul/of] . sfo{qmddf …xl/t hnjfo' sf]if cflbjf;L hghflt gLlt

(GCF Indigenous Peoples Policy)Ú sf] d"n dd{, p2]Zo, sfo{If]q, lgb]{zs l;4fGt / ;f] gLltsf] cfjZostfaf/] klg k|sfz kfl/of] . of] gLltn] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] :jtGq, clu|d hfgsf/L;lxtsf] d~h'/L (FPIC) sf] ;'lglZrttf u/]sf] ;Gbe{df klg 5nkmn eof] . g]kfnn] GCF sf] ljQLo ;xof]u lng] tof/Lsf] nflu cy{ dGqfnosf] ;dGjodf g]kfndf eO/x]sf sfdx¿af/] klg 5nkmn ul/of] .

hnjfo' Go"gLs/0fsf]] Ps pkfosf] ¿kdf canDag ul/Psf] /]8Kn;sf] k/LIf0f tof/L / jg If]qdf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / n}lËs /0fgLltsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfo{x¿af/] /]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb|sf k|d'v /fwf jfUn]n] k|:t'tLs/0f / 5nkmn ;xhLs/0f u/] . k|fKt hfgsf/Lx¿sf] cfwf/df ;xefuLx¿n] g]kfndf aGg nflu/x]sf] ;f] /0fgLltaf/] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;'emfjx¿ a'Fbfut ¿kdf tof/ kf/]] . ;f] ;'emfj g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdn] /]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb|nfO{ ldlt @)&% ;fn kf}if @) ut] k]z u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdåf/f d+l;/ %–&, @)&% (November 21-23, 2018) df cfof]lht k/fdz{ uf]i7Ldf pkl:yt ;xefuLx¿nufot g]kfnsf cflbjf;L hghfltåf/f jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DaGwL aGg uO/x]sf] ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / n+}lus /0fgLltnfO{ dWogh/ ub{}+,

Gf]kfn ;/sf/n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g dxf;lGw g+= !^( (ILO 169) / h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL dxf;GwL (CBD) nfu" u/]sf] / cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkq (UNDRIP) sf] kIfdf dtbfg u/]sf] tYonfO{ hf]8 lbFb},

cflbjf;L hghflt / k|s[ltaLrsf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw, cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/, k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿ M hn, hldg, h+un / e"ldk|ltsf] clwsf/ :jtGq, cu|Ld hfgsf/L;lxtsf] d~h'/Lnufotsf cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/x¿sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0fsf dfux¿nfO{ :d/0f u/fpFb},

jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DaGwL ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / n+}lus /0fgLltdf lgDg ljifox¿ ;'lglZrt ug{ g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 (NEFIN), /fli6«o cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnf dxf;+3 (NIWF) ;lxt g]kfnsf] ;d:t cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfo cg'/f]w ub{5 .

!= hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf h}ljs ljljwtf / cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;GwL–;Demf}tfcg'¿k g]kfnsf] jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]taf/]] /0fgLlt agfOg'kg]{]{ .

@= cflbjf;L hghflt tyf cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ¿kdf geO{ clwsf/jfnfsf] ¿kdf c+lusf/ ul/g'kg]{ .

#= hn, hldg, h+un h:tf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgx¿ / cfkm\gf] e"–If]qk|ltsf] cflbjf;L hghflt tyf cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf clwsf/ jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]taf/] /0fgLltdf ;'lglZrt x'g'kg]{ .

$= jg If]qdf nfu" x'g] sfo{qmdn] cflbjf;L hghfltnufot cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf] ;+:s[lt, rfnrng, k/Dk/f / hLjgk4ltdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ lbg gx'g] .

%= cflbjf;L hghfltsf wfld{s tyf ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfnufot d"t{ Pj+ cd"t{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ dfGotf lbFb} o:tf ;Dkbf / ;+:s[ltnfO{ jg If]qsf] sfo{qmd / /0fgLltn] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug'{kg]{ .

^= cflbjf;L hghflt tyf cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf] jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;Fu cGt/lglxt k|yfhlgt sfg"g, ;+:yf, k/Dk/f / d"No dfGotfnfO{ /0fgLltn] dfGotf lbg'kg]{ .

&= jg If]q sfo{qmd / /0fgLltn] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] e"ldk|ltsf] k|yfhlgt :jfldTj, ef]urng / ;fd"lxs clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ .

*= cflbjf;L hghfltsf] k/Dk/fut jg Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ dfGotf lbg'kg]{ .

jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DaGwL ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / n+}lus /0fgLltdf cflbjf;L hghflt tyf cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf] ;'emfj

kf}if @)&%

#

(= cflbjf;L hghfltsf k'Vof}nL yftynf]af6 pgLx¿nfO{ lj:yflkt x'g] sfo{ gug]{ .

!)= cflbjf;L hghfltsf] d~h'/L / OR5flagf pgLx¿nfO{ :yfgfGt/ ug{ gkfOg] .

!!= cflbjf;L hghfltn] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf ef]urng ub}{ cfPsf jg / rl/r/0f If]qdf ;f] sfo{ ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ aGb]h ug{ gkfOg], ;fy} pgLx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{g, ;fF:s[lts Pj+ cfWoflTds k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfi7 / u}/sfi7 k}bfj/nufot s'g} klg j:t'x¿ ;+sng / pkef]udf k|ltaGw nufpg gkfOg] .

!@= cflbjf;L hghfltn] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf ;+/If0f ub}{ cfPsf], rl/r/0fsf] ¿kdf ef]urng ub}{ cfPsf] jg / e"–If]qnfO{ ;/sf/L jg, ;fd'bflos jg, ;fem]bf/L jgnufot cGo lsl;dsf] jgdf kl/0ft ug{ gkfOg] .

!#= hLljsf]kfh{g;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmd lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ubf{ cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f / cfjZostf cg';f/ ul/g'kg]{ .

!$= cflbjf;L hghfltsf] af}l4s ;DklQnfO{ ;'lglZrt ub{} jg If]q / k|fs[lts ;|f]t;Fu ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltnufot cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, snf / k]zfx¿ h:t}, hl8a'6Lsf] k|of]u ug]{, drf{ agfpg], 7]sL agfpg] cflbsf] ;+/If0f, k|a4{g / Joj;flos/0f ul/g'kg]{ .

!%= jg ;+/If0fsf] gfddf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf cfwf/x¿ / k/Dk/fut hLjg k4ltdfly lgoGq0f ug{ / k|ltaGw nufpg gkfOg] .

!^= jGohGt' cf/If0f, ;+/lIft If]q, /fli6«o lgs'~h h:tf If]qdf cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfdfly ;'/IffsdL{nufotaf6 x'g] of}glx+;f / cGo k|sf/sf lx+;fsf] cGTo x'g'kg]{ .

!&= ;+/lIft jg h+unsf] sf/0f jGohGt'af6 dfgjLo / s[lifdf k'Ug]

xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] plrt Ifltk"lt{ Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ul/g'kg]{ .

!*= dlxnfsf] ljljwtfnfO{ :jLsfb}{ cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf] klxrfg / ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ .

!(= jg If]q / k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DaGwL gLlt / sfo{qmd th'{df / sfof{Gjog ubf{ x/]s tx, ;+oGq, ;+/rgf / r/0fdf cflbjf;L hghfltnufot cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfx¿sf] k"0f{ tyf k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g'kg]{ .

@)= cflbjf;L hghflt / cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf -g]lkmg / lgkm_ dfkm{t\, jgIf]q / k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DaGwL gLlt / sfo{qmd agfpFbf k/fdz{ / 5nkmn ul/g'kg{] .

@!= dft[efiffdf k/fdz{, 5nkmn / cfkm\gf] s'/f /fVg] cj;/ k|bfg ul/g'kg]{ .

@@= jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts;|f]taf/] k|fljlws / cGo ;a} ljifox¿df cflbjf;L hghflt / cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfx¿sf] ;r]tgf / Ifdtf clea[l4 ul/g'kg]{ .

@#= jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]taf/] cflbjf;L hghflt / cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / snfsf] b:tfj]hLs/0f ul/g'kg]{ .

@$= jg If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t P]g, gLlt / k|ljlwn] cflbjf;L hghflt / cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf] clwsf/ / hLjg k4ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ .

@%= jg / k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;+/If0fdf cflbjf;L hghflt / cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ jg tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] nfe ljt/0f ;dtfd"ns / kf/bzL{ 9+un] x'g'kg]{ .

@^= cflbjf;L hghfltsf dfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, u'gf;fsf] ;'g'jfO{ / Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{] ;+oGq lgdf{0f x'g'kg]{ / ;+oGq kx'Frof]Uo x'g'kg]{ .

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cflbjf;Lx¿af/] ;+;f/el/ cWoog ug]{ xf] of] yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 ls pgLx¿sf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg;Fu cGofGof]l>t ;DaGw x'G5 . hn, h+un, hldg / vlgh;Fusf] cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut ;DaGw s'g} sfNklgs syf geO{ pgLx¿sf] jf:tljs hLjgk4lt xf], pgLx¿sf] ;fF:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs lg/Gt/tf xf] . cflbjf;Lx¿nfO{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgx¿af6 cnu /fVg vf]lhof] eg] cflbjf;L ;d'bfox¿df cg]sf}+ ;d:ofx¿ b]vf kb{5g\ . o;n] pgLx¿sf] dgf]lj1fgdf c;/ k'¥ofpFb5 . kl/0ffd:j¿kM cflbjf;L ;d'bfox¿ cfkm\gf P]ltxfl;s yftynf]af6 qmdzM lj:yflkt eO{ dfl;g] k|lqmof z'¿ x'G5 . To;}n] cfh ;+;f/el/sf cflbjf;Lx¿n] cfkm\gf ;d'bfox¿sf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg;Fusf] ;DaGwsf] /Iffy{ ;zQm ¿kdf cfjhx¿ p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . a]nfavtdf cGbf]ngx¿ klg 5]8\g] u/]sf 5g\ .

cfhsf] @!cf}+ ztfAbLnfO{ ljsf;sf] ztfAbLsf] ¿kdf x]l/G5 / cfh ljsf;;DaGwL gofF–gofF cjwf/0ff / of]hgfx¿ aGb} u/]sf] ;Gb{edf k|fs[lts ;f]t ;fwgx¿sf] k|of]u klg gofF–gofF ljlwaf6 eO/x]sf] 5 . k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgx¿sf] bf]xg ;/sf/, ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿, ljZj a}s / Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s h:tf ax'kIfLo lgsfox¿, dfgj ;d'bfo / 7"nf–7"nf cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgfx¿n] ul//x]sf] kfOG5 . To;df klg ljslzt d'n'sx¿ e"d08nLs[t k'FhL]sf] ljsf;df nflu/x]sf 5g\ / b]zL ljb]zL bnfn k'FhLkltx¿ ;d[l4sf] gfddf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgx¿sf] bf]xg ul//x]sf 5g\ o;n] cflbjf;L hghflt / :yfgLo ljkGg ;d'bfox¿nfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfon] ljsf;sf] gfddf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ljgf; ¿kdf x]l//x]sf] 5 . o:tf ultljlwnfO{ ;DalGwt cflbjf;L ;d'bfon] cfkm\gf] OR5f, k/Dk/fut cEof; / efjgf ljkl/t ePsf]n] cfkm"x¿ qmdzM cfkmg} yftynf]af6 lj:yflkt x'g'k/]sf] pgLx¿ atfpF5g\ .

k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] bf]xg lgoGq0f ug{ ;/sf/sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . t/ ljZjel/g} ;/sf/x¿n] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg ;~rfng;DaGwL ljleGg P]g sfg"g, gLlt lgod / lgb]{lzsfx¿sf] th'{df u/L 7"nf bnfn k'FhLkltx¿ / b]zL ljb]zL pBf]u snsf/vfgf ;~rfnsx¿ Hff] u}/ cflbjf;L 5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ ljsf; / ;Da[l4sf] gfddf cfkmgf] b]zdf cfJxfg u/L lhDdf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To:tf ;d"xx¿n] ;/sf/af6 cg'dlt lnPkl5 ;fdflhs k|efj, jftfj/0fLo c;/nfO{ oyfy{ ¿kdf d"Nof+sg gu/L cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ Vofn g} gu/L cfof]hgfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] u/]sf] 5 .

w]/} nufgLstf{x¿n] cfof]hgfnfO{ ;lhnf] agfpg] /0fgLltcg'¿k ;fdflhs jftfj/0fLo d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgx¿ agfOxfn] klg tL s]jn cfof]hgfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L / k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] bf]xg ug]{ p2]Zon] dfq tof/ kfl/G5g\ . of] g} cflbjf;L hghflt, :yfgLo ;d'bfo / cfof]hgf

;~rfnsx¿aLrsf] åGåsf] d"n h8sf] ¿kdf b]lvG5 lsgls cflbjf;L ;d'bfon] glhs /x]sf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgx¿ h:t} 8fF8fkxf8, kj{t, kfgL, kf]v/L, jg h+un / vfgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] cf:yf;Fu hf]l8Psf] kljq wfld{s tyf ;fF:s[lts :ynx¿sf] ¿kdf dfGb5g\ . oL ;|f]t ;fwgx¿;Fu pgLx¿sf] ulx/f] / df}lns ;DaGw 5 . csf]{lt/, o:tf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgnfO{ cfof]hgf ;~rfnsx¿n] cfkm\gf] Jofkfl/s / cGo :jfy{;Fu dfq hf]8]/ x]g]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;}nfO{ g} åGåsf] d'Vo h8sf] ¿kd lng ;lsG5 . of] tYo cfof]hgf ;~rfnsx¿dfem l5k]sf] 5}g . a¿ lkmtnf] ;/sf/L lgod sfg"gsf] sf/0f / /fhgLlts ;+/If0fsf] cf8df k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwgx¿ anhk\mt sAhfdf lng ;lsG5 eGg] unt dfgl;stfsf] sf/0f pgLx¿ o;k|lt uDeL/ gag]sf] egL a'em\g ;lsG5 .

cfh e"d08nLs/0fn] ubf{ ;d[l4sf] gfddf ;+;f/el/ g} cflbjf;Lx¿sf] yftynf]df / :yfgLo ljkGg ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; If]qdf cjl:yt k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgx¿sf] bf]xg ug]{ sfd lta| ¿kdf cufl8 a9]sf]

5 . ljljw ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿, b]z ljb]zsf bnfn k'FhLkltx¿, u}/cflbjf;L ;d'bfo cflbn] hnljB't cfof]hgf, qm;/ pBf]u / l;d]G6 sf/vfgf ;~rfng, kmf:6 6«ofs lgdf{0fnufot w]/} sfo{x¿ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] gfddf hyfefjL ub}{cfPsf 5g\ . o:tf lqmofsnfkx¿af6 cfh ljZj uDeL/ ¿kdf k|efljt ePsf] 5 ljZjdf k|fs[lts k|sf]kx¿ rfF8f]–rfF8f] b]vf kb{}5g\ . o;lt/ ;dodf g} Wofg lbO{, k|s[lt hf]ufO{ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ efjL k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;a} If]qaf6 ;sf/fTds k|of;x¿ x'g clt h¿/L b]lvG5 .

cGoyf rfF8} g} ljZjn] 7"nf] k|fs[lts ljklQ em]Ng'kg]{ lglZrt 5 . o;sf ;+s]tx¿ qmdzM b]vf kg{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ / ltgLx¿n] klg km]l/ cNkljsl;t b]zx¿nfO{ g} a];L k|efljt kfg]{ b]lvG5 / To;df klg xfd|f] h:tf] lxdfn, kxf8 t/fO{n] ag]sf] d'n'sdf a;f]af; ug]{ cflbjf;L hghflt,

ul/a, dlxnf / blnt ;d'bfox¿ a];L hf]lvddf kg]{5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu, ljut s]xL jif{otf slxn] lxdkft, slxn] cTolws jiff{, slxn] v]8]/L, t slxn] af9L klx/f] / 8''afgsf 36gfx¿ xfd|f] b]zdf a9\bf] qmddf 5 . o:tf ljkt\x¿sf sf/0f w]/} ;d'bfox¿ cfkm\gf a;f]af; If]qaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf pbfx/0fx¿ k|z:t} 5g\ .

oL ;a} x'gfsf] sf/0fx¿af/] j}1flgsx¿ Pj+ jftfj/0f lj1x¿sf] egfO{ sl/a Pp6} 5– cfw'lgs o'udf ljsf;sf] gfddf k|fs[lts ;f]t ;fwgx¿sf] hyfefjL k|of]u / bf]xg . kl/0ffd:j¿kM vfg]kfgLsf d'xfg, tfntn}of, kf]v/L cflb ;'Sb} uPsf 5g\ . vfg]kfgLsf] cefjdf slt ufpFa:tLx¿ a;fFO ;b}{ u/]sf pbfx/0fx¿ klg y'k}| 5g\ . xfd|} ufpF3/df klg oL ;d:ofsf ;dfwfg vf]hL x'g cfjZos 5 . To;tkm{ s]xL kxnx¿ gePsf eg] xf]Ogg\ t/ hlt ePsf 5g\, tL kof{Kt 5}gg\ . o;af/]df ;/sf/x¿, cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;xof]uL ;+:yfx¿, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o

ljsf; cfof]hgf ;kmntfsf nflu Wofg lbOg'kg]{ cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿

ls/0f ;'g'jf/, O{nfd

w]/} nufgLstf{x¿n] cfof]hgfnfO{ ;lhnf] agfpg]

/0fgLltcg'¿k ;fdflhs jftfj/0fLo d'Nof+sg

k|ltj]bgx¿ agfO{xfn] klg tL s]jn cfof]hgfsf]

cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L / k|fs[lts

;|f]t ;fwgsf] bf]xg ug]{ pb]Zon] dfq tof/

kfl/G5g\ .

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s'g}klg hflt hghflt x'gsf nflu p;Fu cfkm\gf] ;dfh rnfpg] cfkm\gf] 5'6\6} k|0ffnL x'g'k5{ . cflbjf;L s'g} 7fpFsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] afl;Gbf ePsf]n] p;n] :jfefljs ¿kdf ;dfh rnfpg] lgod c¿nfO{ b]v]/ xf]Og, cfkm}n] ef]u]sf] cfwf/df agfPsf] x'G5 . To;}n], Tof] ;d'bfo ;~rfngsf] ljlw df}lns x'G5 . oxL df}lnstf yf¿ hfltsf] d6fFjf k|0ffnLdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . dfgj ljsf;sf] qmddf yf¿ ;d'bfon] ;dfh ;~rfngsf] ljlwsf] ¿kdf d6fFjf k|0ffnL ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . bfªdf d6fFjf elgg] o; k|0ffnLnfO{ afFs] / alb{ofdf a/3/ tyf s}nfnL / s~rgk'/df endG;f elgG5 .

u7g k|lqmof

d6fFjf ufpFsf] cu'jf xf] . s'g} klg JolQm cu'jf x'gnfO{ p;nfO{ ;dfhn] dfg]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;dfhn] p;nfO{ dfGgsf nflu p;n] ;dfhsf] nflu lgM:jfy{ ¿kdf sfd u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . To;}u/L p;nfO{ ;dfhn] g} 5gf]6 u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . yf¿ ;d'bfosf] d6fFjf k|0ffnL oL ;a} ljz]iftf ePsf] k|0ffnL xf] . yf¿x¿n] gofF aif{sf] ¿kdf df3L kj{;Fu} cfkm\gf] cu'jf cyf{t\ d6fFjf r'Gg] u5{g\ . yf¿x¿sf] gofF jif{ df3] ;+qmflGtb]lv z'¿ x'G5 . ;fdfGotofM df3sf] b'O{ ut] of] r'gfj x'g]u5{ . x/]s jif{ gofF

d6fFjf r'Gg] jf k'/fg}nfO{ cg'df]bg ug]{ sfd x'g] ePsf]n] of] Ps cToGt} nf]stflGqs k|0ffnL xf] .

d6fFjfsf] sfd

d6fFjfsf] sfdsf] bfo/f km/flsnf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] sfdcGtu{t d'VotM oL s'/fx¿ k5{g\ M s_ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf -vf;u/L ufpFn]x¿n] cfkm\g} kxndf ug]{_ of]hgfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{, v_ ufpFdf lgoldt ;~rfng x'g] ;fd"lxs k"hfsf] cu'jfO{ ug]{, u_ ufpFdf l5gf]kmfgf] ul/g] Gofo k|lqmofsf] cu'jfO{ ug]{, 3_ ljjfx, d[To';+:sf/ h:tf ;fd"lxs ¿kdf x'g] sfo{x¿df sfdsf] afF8kmfF8 / hgzlQm kl/rfng ug]{, ª_ s'nfkfgL lgoldt ;~rfng u/fpg] r_ jg nufotsf k|fsl[ts ;|f]t ;fwg ;+/If0f / pkef]usf nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ .

k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfngdf d6fFjfsf] e"ldsf

cflbjf;L hghflt yf¿x¿ k/Dk/fut ¿kdf s[lif k]zfdf ;+nUg 5g\ . clxn] klg pgLx¿sf] d'Vo k]zf s[lif xf] . s[lif cfkm}df k|fs[lts ;|f]t;Fu ;DalGwt k]zf xf] . To;}n], ko{fKt hn, h+un / hldglagf pgLx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{g rNb}g . oL tLg k|fs[lts ;|f]t;Fusf] c6'6 gftfsf sf/0f pgLx¿ oL ;|f]tsf] pkef]u dfq xf]Og, ;+/If0f /

7"nf nufgLstf{x¿, 7"nf pBf]u ;~rfnsx¿ cflb ;+j]bgzLn eO{ sfd ug'{kb{5 . gLlt lgdf{0f Pj+ sfo{qmd th'{df / ;~rfngdf cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg'kb{5 .

g]kfnn]] cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;DaGwL ;+oQm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkq cg'df]bg u/]sf] -;g\ @))& df_, cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g !^( nfu" u/]sf] -@)^$ ;fn efb| % df_ ;fy} cGt/f{li6«o:t/df cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ljleGg ;GwL–;Demf}tf tyf ;'/Iff gLltx¿Kf|lt k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f g]kfn ;/sf/ cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/ hf]l8Psf dfldnfx¿df ;+j]bgzLn x'g cfjZos 5 . ;/sf/n] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg;DaGwL P]g sfg'g Pj+ gLlt lgodx¿ lgdf{0f ubf{ xf];\

of ljleGg ljsf; lgdf{0fsf cfof]hgfx¿ ;~rfng ul/Fbf xf];\, ;/sf/ jf ;DalGwt cfof]hgf ;~rfnsn] cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfo;Fu :jtGq / clu|d hfgsf/L;lxtsf] d~h'/L -FPIC_ k|lqmof k"/f u/L k/fdz{ ug{'kb{5 . of] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] dfgj clwsf/ klg xf] .

FPIC k|lqmof g]kfndf k|of]u eO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . of] k|lqmof g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df klxnf] k6s k|b]z g+= # cGtu{t /;'jf lhNnfsf] lqz'nL gbLdf ljZj a}s / Ps sf]l/og sDkgLsf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;+rfng x'g nfu]sf] cKKf/ lqz"nL –Ps -@!^ d]ufjf6_ hnljB't ljsf; kl/of]hgfdf ;g\ @)!* gf]e]Da/ dlxgfsf] cGTodf ;DkGGf ePsf] lyof] . cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo

;lrjfnon] of] k|lqmofsf] ;xhLs/0f u/]sf] lyof] . o; k|lqmofsf] dfWodaf6 /;'jf lhNnf sf !) u|fdL0f tfdfª cflbjf;L hghflt a:tLx¿sf -cflbjf;L ljsf; of]hgf, cflbjf;L ef}lts ljsf; of]hgf / cflbjf;L tfdfª ;d'bfosf ;fd'bflos dfux¿_ u/L hDdf tLg dfux¿ k"/f ePsf 5g\ . To:t} FPIC kZrft\, pQm hnljB't kl/of]hgf ;~rfngdf :yfgLo cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf ;~rfng eO/x]sf jf ;~rfng x'g] tof/Ldf /x]sf] cfof]hgfx¿n] of] k|lqmofnfO{ cg';/0f u/]df cfof]hgf ;~rfns / :yfgLo ;d'bfoaLr x'g;Sg] cgfjZos åGå / c;dembf/L cGTo ub}{ :yfgLox¿sf] ;xof]u / :jLsfo{tfsf ;fy cfof]hgf ;kmn x'g] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

dfwa rf}w/L, bfª

k/Dk/fut d6fFjf k|0ffnLsf] cf}}lrTo clxn] klg plQs}

d6fFjf ufpFsf] cu'jf xf] . s'g} klg JolQm cu'jf x'gnfO{ p;nfO{ ;dfhn] dfg]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;dfhn] p;nfO{ dfGgsf nflu p;n] ;dfhsf] nflu lg:jfy{ ¿kdf sfd u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . To;}u/L p;nfO{ ;dfhn] g} 5gf}6 u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . yf¿ ;d'bfosf] d6fFjf k|0ffnL oL ;a} ljz]iftf ePsf] k|0ffnL xf] .

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k"hf ;d]t u5{g\ . /, oL ;a} sfo{sf] g]t[Tj d6fFjfx¿n] ub}{cfO/x]sf 5g\ . /fHosf] s'g} klg gLltn] clxn];Dd pgLx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ :jLsf/ gu/]klg glhssf] jgsf] ;+/If0f, jgaf6 cTofjZos ;fdfu|Lx¿sf] ;+sngsf] ldlt lgwf{/0fnufot cg'udgsf] sfo{ k/Dk/fut ¿kdf d6fFjfx¿n] ub}{cfO/x]sf lyP . ;fd'bflos jgsf] cjwf/0ff cEof;df cfPkl5 clxn] pgLx¿sf] Tof] e"ldsf ;lsPsf] cj:yf 5 .

k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng ;Gbe{df hn;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkgdf d6fFjfx¿sf] ;a}eGbf a9L ;lqmo e"ldsf x'G5 . bzf}+ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf] vf]nf jf gbLaf6 pgLx¿s} g]t[Tjdf s'nf] vg]/ v]taf/Ldf k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . of] sfo{df k"0f{ ¿kdf :yfgLo afl;Gbf / :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ul/G5 . s'nf] dd{t, kfgL pkef]usf] kfnf] lgwf{/0f, k/Dk/fut lgod s;}n] ldr]df hl/jfgf c;'Ng] sfo{ klg pgLx¿s} g]t[Tjdf x'g] u5{ . yf¿ ;d'bfosf w]/} ;+:sf/x¿ k|fs[lts ;|f]t;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ . c;f/;Dd klg kfgL k/]g eg] …u}of a]xgf{Ú k"hf ul/G5, h:tf];'s} v8]/Lsf] ;dodf klg of] k"hf u/]kl5 kfgL k/]sf] egfO{ 5 . ;f] ;dodf ufOFg] ;hgf uLt ufpFbf dfq} klg kfgL k5{ eGg] hglaZjf; 5 .

d6fFjfx¿sf] clxn]sf] cj:yf

b]zdf x'g] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g / ;fdflhs kl/jt{g;Fu} d6fFjf k|0ffnLn] klg ptf/r9fj em]n]sf] b]lvG5 . ;of}+ jif{;Dd klg s'g} cj/f]w lagf rNb} cfPsf] of] k|0ffnL ;z:q åGåsfndf s]xL 7fpFdf ;':tfPsf] lyof] . ;dfh ;~rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L / IfdtfnfO{ åGå/t dfcf]jfbL / /fHo b'j}kIfn] b'?kof]u ug{ vf]Hbf pgLx¿ r]k'jfdf k/]sf lyP . To;}u/L, /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf sf/0f dflg;df ljsf; ePsf] :jR5Gbtfn] d6fFjfnfO{ gdfGg] k|a[lQsf] klg ljsf; eof] . To;n] ubf{ d6fFjf aGg 8/fpg] cj:yf cfof] . kl/jlt{t ;docg';f/ cfkm"nfO{ cBfalws ug]{ df}sf gkfPsf]n] d6fFjfx¿n] klg cfkm\gf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ;s]gg\ . cGttM s]xL ufpF d6fFjfljxLg klg eof] .

t/, /fhgLlts hfu/0fs} qmddf yf¿nufotsf cflbjf;L hghfltx¿df cfkm\gf] ;fF:s[lts klxrfgsf] af/]df hfu/0f cfof] . of] hfu/0fn] d6fFjf k|0ffnLnfO{ k':yf{lkt ug{ d2t u/]sf] 5 . s]lx ;do d6fFjfljxLg ePsf ufpFx¿df klg clxn] k'gM d6fFjf 5gf]6 ul/Psf] 5 . sltko ufpFdf u}/–yf¿ JolQm klg d6fFjf ePsf 5g\ eg] sltko 7fpFdf dlxnfn] klg of] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]sf 5g\ . aGb ePsf] u'/} k"hf -ufpFn] / afnLgfnLsf] /Iff x'g] ljZjf;sf ;fy jif{df b'O{k6s ul/g] ;fd"lxs k"hf_ ug]{ rng k'gM yflnsf] 5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, d6fFjfx¿ ufpFkflnsf, lhNnf / s]Gb|Lo:t/sf …d6fFjf dxf;+3’ u7g u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ alnof] agfpg] k|of;df nfu]sf 5g\ .

d6fFjfx¿sf clxn]sf dfux¿

s_ /fHon] sfg'gL ¿kd} d6fFjf k|0ffnLnfO{ dfGotf lbg'kg]{ .

v_ ;/sf/sf] ;]jfk|jfx tyf ljsf; lgdf{0fqmddf ;DalGwt If]qsf d6fFjfnfO{ clgjfo{ ;xeflutf u/fOg'kg]{ .

u_ :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf 5gf]6 / cGo dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf d6fFjfx¿sf] clgjfo{ ;xeflutfsf] jfWofTds Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ .

3_ d6fFjfx¿nfO{ /fHosf] kl/jlt{t sfg"g, gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿af/]df lgoldt ¿kdf cled'vLs/0f u/L pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/fpg'kg]{ .

ª_ u}/;/sf/L lgsfon] klg cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd nfu" ubf{ ;DalGwt 7fpFsf d6fFjf;Fu k/fdz{ tyf ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ .

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s_ g]kfnn] nfu" u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g dxf;GwL !^( n] Joj:yf u/]cg'¿k /fHon] hghfltsf k/Dk/fut ;+u7gsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ljz]if Pj+ plrt pkfo canDag ug{'kg]{ ePsf]n] .

v_ d6fFjfx¿ :yfgLo ;d:of, cfjZostf / ;dfwfgaf/] ;a}eGbf a9L hfgsf/ JolQmx¿ ePsfn] .

u_ s'g}klg hflt ;d'bfosf] ;fF:s[lts d"No dfGotfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ bfloTj /fHosf] klg ePsfn] .

3_ ;/sf/L ljsf; lgdf{0fsf of]hgfx¿ sd nfutdf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjo u/fpg d6fFjfx¿n] g} hgkl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] .

5_ hgtf;Dd ;"rgf k|jfxsf] nflu klg d6fFjf ;a}eGbf pQd dfWod ePsf]n] .

5_ d6fFjfx¿n] /fhgLlts cfu|x÷k"jf{u|x ljgf lgM:jfy{ ¿kdf ;dfh;]jf ul//x]sfn] .

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d6fFjfx¿n] lrNnf], ld7f] efif0f ug{ ghfGnfg\, t/ :yfgLo ;jfnsf ;a}eGbf a9\tf hfgsf/ JolQmx¿ pgLx¿ g} x'g\ . :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] g]t[Tj u/]sf], ;a}eGbf nfdf] cg'ej ePsf] ;+u7g klg d6fFjf k|0ffnL g} xf] . k|0ffnL / k|lqmofdf s'g} ;'wf/ cfjZos eP ;f] ug{ ;lsG5 . of] k|0ffnL cfljf;L yf¿ hfltaf6 z'¿jft ePsf] ePklg h'g;'s} hftsf] JolQm d6fFjf aGg ;S5 . clxn] klg ljleGg ufpFx¿df u}/–yf¿ JolQm d6fFjfsf] ¿kdf e]6fpg ;lsG5 . yf¿ g} d6fFjf ePsf] 7fpFdf klg u}/–yf¿x¿n] o; k|0ffnLnfO{ ;xh} :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . ca /fHon] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

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w]/}nfO{ ;'Gbf cgf}7f] nfUg ;S5 t/ klZrd g]kfnsf] yf¿ cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfodf kltsf] d[To' ePdf dlxnfn] g} d[To' ePsf] kltsf] 3/df csf]{ k'?ifnfO{ gofF kltsf] ¿kdf leq\ofpg] k/Dk/f 5 . o; k/Dk/fnfO{ yf¿ ;d'bfodf …EjfF/ k}:gfÚ elGfG5 .

kfFr 5f]/f5f]/L gfafns 5Fb} kltsf] d[To' ePkl5 alb{of a7'jftfsL laGtL yf¿ Psn eOg\ . kltsf] d[To' ePkl5 ;fgf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] nfngkfng a'9f ePsf ;;'/f;Fu ldn]/ ub}{cfPsL lyOg\ . s]lx ;do kl5 pgsf] ;;'/f klg la/fdLn] ynf k/]kl5 3/Jojxf/ rnfpg laGtLnfO{ emg} cK7\of/f] eof] . pgn] ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:of / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] b'Mv b]v]kl5 pgsf ;;'/fs} ;Nnfxdf ufpFsf cu'jfx¿n] pgnfO{ gofF klt vf]lhlbg yfn] / cGttM bdf}nLsf lhtaxfb'/ yf¿nfO{ pgsf] gofF kltsf] ¿kdf Nofpg] lgwf] eof] . 3/df gofF klt NofPkl5 a7'jftfnsL laGtL yf¿n] gofF hLjg kfOg\ . laGtL elG5g\– …;;'/f la/fdLn] yn] . d]/f kfFr ;fgf 5f]/f5f]/L s;n] kflnlbg] < d ca sxfF hfp sxfF hfp eGb} 5f]/f5f]/L lnP/ dg{ hfg nfu]sL lyP . t/ efOn] b]v] kl5 dg{ hfg lbPg . tLg rf/ lbg;Dd o:t} u/]F . 3/ 5f]/f5f]/L klg 5f]8\g g;Sg], 3/df ;'Fu'/ kfn]sf] lyof] . clncln ePsf] hUuf aGwsLdf lyof] . goFf >Ldfg\ 3/df NofPF, ljjfx u/]F . pxfF cfPkl5 a6}of v]tL u/]/ vfg yfNof}F . C0f lt¥of}+ . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ klg d]/f] gofF >LdfgnfO{ sfsf geGg' afaf eGg' eg]/ ufpFsf cu'jfx¿n] l;sfpg' eof] . klxn]sf] eGbf clxn] /fd|f] ePsf] 5 .Ú

e};f;'/sL af6'nL rf}w/Lsf] klt agdf 3fF; sf6\g uPsf] a]nf n8]/ lat]kl5, pgn] cfkm\gf] klt dfq u'dfPgg\, pgsf ;f;'–;;'/fn] a'9];sfnsf] cfkm\gf] ;xf/f klg u'dfP . 5f]/f g} lat]kl5 pxfFx¿nfO{ 5f]/fsf] cfjZostf v6\lsof] . 6'x'/f gflt / ue{jtL a'xf/Lsf] kfng tyf x]/rfxsf] nflu klg ;f;'–;;'/fn] g} a'xf/Lsf] nflu gofF >Ldfg\ vf]h]/ NofOlbP . e};f;'/sL af6'nLsL ;f;' a]u/Gof elG5g\– …3/;Nnfxn] g} NofPsf] . csf]{ gNofP t sfd} grNg], 3/} grNg] . xfdLn] g} a'xf/Lsf nflu >Ldfg\ vf]h]/ bfË plx{ ufpFaf6 NofOlbPsf xf}+ .Ú

EjfF/ k;]df EjfF/ k:g] k'?ifsf] k'/fgf] y/ vf/]h eO{ kTgLs} y/ sfod x'G5 . To;}n] xf]nf sltko k'?if EjfF/ k:g ¿rfpFb}gg\ . t/ b'Mv kfPsf k'?ifsf nflu eg] EjfF/ k:g] rngn] lhGbuL g} pHofnf] agfPsf k|z:t pbfx/0fx¿ 5g\ . alb{of e};f;'/sf sfnLr/0f rf}w/L eG5g\– …pxfFsf] 5f]/f lat]sf] /x]5 . clg d]/f ;;'/f gftf kg]{n] of] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . clg d oxfF cfPF . d 3/af6 efu]/ cfPsf] x'F . d dfq Pp6f e]i6 / Pp6f s6\6'df oxfF cfPF . sk8f vf]Hg yfn]kl5 cfdfn] sxfF hfg nfu]sf] eGg'xf]nf eg]/ d efu]/ cfPsf] x'F . h]7sf] @& ut] xf], w]/} jif{ eO;Sof] ca t . kl5 afaf vf]Hg cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . clg d uPF

df3Ldf hfG5', geP hfGg eg] . cfkm\gf] 3/df x'Fbf t w]/} b'Mv kfPsf] lyPF . ljjfx u/]/ cfPkl5 dnfO{ oxfF /fd|f] eof] .Ú

5f]/f5f]/L ;fg} ePsf] a]nf kltsf] d[To' ePkl5 To:tf ljwjfn] gofF klt vf]hL cfkmgf] k'/fg} kltsf] 3/df lgw{Ss;fy leq\ofpg ;S5g\, h;df pgsf ;f;'–;;'/fsf] klg d~h'/L x'G5 . o;/L lax] u/]/ kTgLsf] 3/df lelqPsf kltsf] hGd3/lt/sf] y/ -uf]q_ kl/jt{g eO{ kTgL s} 3/sf] y/ -uf]q_ sfod x'G5 . a7'jftfnls laGt' yf¿n] klg klxnfsf] klt s} y/ -uf]q_df gofF kltsf] gfddf 3/sf] b]jtf agfPsf]] atfpFl5g\ .

alb{of /fdgu/sf v'lz/fd yf¿sf] a'af kTjf/L yf¿, v'l;/fd ;fg} 5Fbf laTg'eof] . / sl/a !@ jif{kl5 v'l;/fdsL cfdfn] gofF klt klxnfsf] kltsf] 3/df Nofpg'eof] . 3/df s;/L gofF a'af NofPsf] jf EjfF/ ljjfx s;/L x'G5 t eGg] k|Zgdf v'l;/fdn] eg]– …cfdfnfO{ k'?ifsf] sk8f nufOlbP/ k'?if agfPF . gofF afafnfO{ dlxnf agfP/ n]x+uf nufO{ lbPF, la/fsf] -/Lª_ r'/f nufO{lbPF . yf¿ ;d'bfodf ljjfx ubf{ 3/ u'?jf÷a/3/÷ d6fjfF ÷endG;fnfO{ /fv]/ lax] ug]{ rng x'G5 . EjfF/ ljjfxsf ;DaGwdf alb{of pQ/avf/Lsf 6L+u' u'?jf eG5g\– …b'Mv k/]sf a]nfdf 3/d} >Ldfg vf]h]/ Nofpg kfpg', cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsfx¿n] 3/ ;DklQ / >LdtL ;d]t kfpg'' of] eGbf /fd|f] c¿ s] x'g ;S5 < b'Mv kfO/x]sL dlxnfsf] p2f/ x'G5 . t/ EjfF/ k:g]x¿n] c+z kfpg] sfg"g gePsf]n] sfg"gdf klg EjfF/ k:g]x¿n] c+z kfpg] n]lvg' k5{ .Ú

klxn] lgs} nf]slk|o /x]sf] EjfF/ k:g] rngdf cfhef]ln sdL cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . yf¿ ;d'bfosf kqsf/ Ps/fh rf}w/L eG5g\ – …EjfF/ ljjfxnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg EjfF/ k:g hfg] k'?if dfG5]sf] xs clwsf/ ls6fg x'g h¿/L 5 . g]kfnsf] sfg"gdf ;f] n]lvg' k5{ . xf]Og eg] klxn]sf nf]Ug]lt/sf 5f]/f 5f]/L 7"nf eO;s]kl5 xs vf]Hg yfN5g\ / EjfF/ k:g] / k;fNg] b'a}n] b'Mv kfpg;S5g\ .Ú

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