Next Generation Converged Network Architecture and Application

Beyond IMS…

Amit Mukhopadhyay &

Carlos Urrutia-Valdés, October 2007

Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent

Next Generation Converged Network

Architecture and Application

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####

Slide 2

Outline

High Level Architecture of Next Generation NetworksWhat is NGN?

Yesterday, Today and TomorrowWireless-Wireline Convergence Example

IMS RecapBuilding Blocks and system components

Introduction to Blended ServicesBundling vs. Blending

How is blending achieved?Introduction to the SCIM and SCIM+Examples

IMS, SDP, and SDEsSoft DefinitionsChallenges

A View of Nirvana??SummaryAcknowledgments


Slide 3

NGN Architecture

IPIP CoreCore

DSL/DSL/FTTxFTTx

WiFi/WiMaxWiFi/WiMaxUMTS/CDMAUMTS/CDMA

MGW PSTN

Internet

S/BC

S/BCPDSN/GGSN

Session Control&

User profile

Session Control&

User profile

ApplicationsApplications

Tran

spor

t Lay

erSe

rvic

e La

yer

S/BCHFCHFC

S/BC

SIP-based Services

RTSP-based Services

PSTN/ISDNEmulation

Other Multimedia Services

Multiple applications supported over a common infrastructure


Slide 4

Convergence – Many AspectsConvergence – Many Aspects

Common Experience

(same look & feel)

Common database platforms (e.g. HSS, AAA)Unified end-user terminals & APIs

Centralized Operations (e.g. common NOC, Std

interfaces, Billing)

Common service platforms (e.g., App. Servers, MRFP)

Common transport network (e.g. Core, MGW)Common session control

(e.g. IMS)Enablers

Seamless Roaming

(e.g. WiFi-Mobile, Mobile-Wireline)

Network-agnostic platformsService Bundling

(e.g. Lifestyle Services)

Shared network resources

(e.g. one core network)

Service Interaction

(e.g. Voice+ IMM)

NetworkEnd-User

Dimensions

Reduce CostIncrease RevenueDrivers


Slide 5

How to stayin touch?

Yesterday World of Communications

Phone

TV

Internet

Yesterday’s communications world:Separate networks and services.


Slide 6

Phone

Internet

TV

Service Convergence is beginning…Examples: VoIP, IPTV, Wifi Roaming.

Today’s World of Communications

IMS, through the separation of session control from the application and transport layers, provides a framework for this convergence.

IMS, through the separation of session control from the application and transport layers, provides a framework for this convergence.


Slide 7

WiFi Coverage

Cellular Coverage

IMS & Wireless-Wireline ConvergenceWifi Roaming Example

HLRRNS MSC/VLR

WiFiAP

Mobility Manager

AS

LocationServer

PresenceServerCSCFWiFi

NetworkIP Network

2c. MM-AS performs a Location Update with HLR

2c. MM-AS performs a Location Update with HLR

2d. User location updated. Incoming calls will be routed

to IMS

2b. CSCF based on filter criteria sends REGISTER to MM-AS

and notifies other servers

2b. CSCF based on filter criteria sends REGISTER to MM-AS

and notifies other servers

2. User moves into Wifi network.2. User moves into Wifi network.DMH

DMH

1. User powers up on an CDMAcoverage area..

1. User powers up on an CDMAcoverage area..

1a. Registers in CDMA network1a. Registers in CDMA network

DMH

1b. User’s location known

DMH

CDMA CS Network

Wifi Network IMS Core Network

User can originate and received calls on either network.

The IMS infrastructure provides the vehicle for wireless-wireline convergence.


Slide 8

Phone

Internet

TV

Service blending…going beyond convergence…

The Future World of Communications


Slide 9

What is IMS?

Original (late ’90s/early ’00s) definition per 3GPP TS 23.228:The IP Multimedia CN subsystem comprises all CN elements for provision of multimedia services. This includes the collection of signaling and bearer related network elements…

Ability to mix multiple media during a session is a key characteristics of IMS:•Simultaneous voice, data and video applications

•Different media with different QoS requirements

•Common resources shared across multiple applications for service providers

•Common “touch-and-feel” for subscribers


Slide 10

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

More Current View:More Current View: Architecture designed for IP Multimedia Services

Originally developed by 3GPP (for UMTS) and later adopted by 3GPP2 (for cdma2000); now being investigated by ITU,..

Support of other access technologies (e.g., DSL, Cable, Wi-Fi) a vision

Capable of Interworking with PSTN

Defined with Open Standard Interfaces

Based on IETF Protocols (SIP, RTP, …)

A Solution for Service Transparency

Interaction with Legacy IN Based Services


Slide 11

CSCF, BGCFMGCF & MRFC

Applications Layer

End-user telephony service logic

AIN call trigger points

Non-telephony based services

APIs for enterprise & legacy applications

Session Control Layer

End Point Registration

Session setup

QoS establishment

Transport & Endpoint Layer

Bearer Services, Media Conversion (PCM > IP)

Special functions: announcements, touch tones collection, voice recognition, speech synthesi

IMS Building BlocksIMS Building Blocks

Media GatewayMedia Server

HSS

OSA-GWTelephony AS

Non-telephony AS


Slide 12

Wireline and Wireless SIP EndpointsGSM, UMTS, 802.11, Bluetooth, DSL, FTTP, …

SIP

TDMPBX

Legacy IPEndpoints & PBXsH.323 and MGCP

MGCFMGCF

Web PortalWeb Portal

ININAccessAccess

Parlay App Parlay App ServerServer

SIP AppSIP AppServerServer

OSA SCSOSA SCS

II--CSCFCSCF

SGSG

PP--CSCFCSCFPDF

AnalogEndpoint

PSTNPSTNSS7SS7

IP SignallingIP SignallingConverterConverter

MediaMediaGatewayGateway

Media and End Point

Layer

Session ControlLayer

Application Layer

MediaMediaServerServer

MRFCMRFC

SS--CSCFCSCF

CentralizedCentralizedDatabasesDatabases

HSS

Support SystemsSupport SystemsBilling Mediation, Fault Correlation, Operations,

Maintenance, …

BGCFBGCF

3GPP/3GPP2 IMS Inspired Architecture3GPP/3GPP2 IMS Inspired Architecture

SIPSI

P

SIP

SIP

SIP

CO

PS

DiameterH

.248

H.2

48


Slide 13

IMS Entity Definitions

Signaling EntitiesHSS - Home Subscriber Server or “HSS Collective”

Consists of AAA and DatabasesCSCF - Call Session Control Function – 3 flavors

S-CSCF – Serving: Session control entity for endpoint devicesI-CSCF – Interrogating: Entry point to IMS from other networksP-CSCF – Proxy: Entry point to IMS for devices

BGCF - Breakout Gateway Control FunctionSelects network to use for PSTN/PLMN interworking

MGCF - Media Gateway Control FunctionControls MGW

MRFC - Multimedia Resource Function ControllerControls MRFP

PDF - Policy Decision FunctionAuthorizes QoS requests

AS - Application Servers – provides services and applicationsSession Initiation Protocol (SIP) ASOpen Service Access (OSA) Service Capability Server (SCS) & OSA ASAIN Interworking Server

Bearer EntitiesMGW - Media Gateway

Inter-works RTP/IP and PCM bearersMRFP - Multimedia Resource Function Processor

Provides conferencing, transcoding and announcements


Slide 14

IMS Network

IP Network

Softswitch

CSCF

BGCF

MRFC

MGCF HSS(DB/AAA)

CDMA / GSM / UMTS Network

MGW

IM-PS,Conference& more

IMSPTT/S

MRFP802.11

Network

IPNetwork

Presence& Buddies

Prepay

CDMA / GSM / UMTS Network

BillInsurance Claims Rep

MaryPresident Bus Company

AnnInsurance Admin Assistant

IM ClientOn PC

Example - Insurance Claims InvestigationExample - Insurance Claims Investigation

JackBus Sales Rep

Mary and Billare talking

Bill initiates aPush-to-Show

session

Bill showsMary theaccident

Bill Inst MsgAnn

Ann sends Billrecords of

previous claims

Mary inst msgsBill

Mary sends Billbus maintenance

record

Conferencecall with

Bus Sales Rep

Conferencediscussion

about accident

Control

Bearer


Slide 15

Control

Bearer

Called PartyVisited Network

Called PartyHome Network

Calling PartyHome Network

Calling Party Visited Network

UE

P-CSCF

HSS

S-CSCFSIP

SIP

Diameter

UE

P-CSCF

AS

HSS

S-CSCF SIP AS

SIP

Diameter

I-CSCF

Diameter

DNS

BackbonePacket

NetworkRANBackbone

PacketNetwork RAN

Initiate SIP Invitation1

1

Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 2

2

3

3 Apply Service Logic

Retrieve Address of CLD Party Home Networkand Forward INVITE.

4

4

Identify Registrar of CLD Party and Forward INVITE.5

5

Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 6

6

7

7 Apply Service Logic

Forward INVITE to CLD Party8

8

Ringing / Alerting10

10

IMS Subscriber to IMS Subscriber high level call flowIMS Subscriber to IMS Subscriber high level call flow

SDP Negotiation / Resource Reservation Control9

9RTP Stream

Answer / Connect11

11


Slide 16

MobileMobile--toto--Mobile detailed call flow(1)Mobile detailed call flow(1)

SIP INVITE

SIP INVITE

SIP INVITE

SIP 183 Session Progress

SIP INVITE

BEARER

1.2. 3.

4

5

6

7

8

15 14 13 12

11109

SIP 180 Ringing

60

SIP 200 OK (INVITE)

SIP ACK54

1617

3435

484950515253

55 56 57 58 59

30313233

SIP BYE61 62 63 64 65

SIP 200 OK (BYE) 676869707172

DNS Query: (URI)

DNS Response: I-CSCFfor CALLED (IP Addr)

Cx Location Query(Get CALLED IP)

Cx LocationResponse: S-CSCF

(CALLED IP)

SIP 100 TRYING

SIP INVITESIP INVITESIP 183SessionProgress

SIP 183 SessionProgress

SIP 183SessionProgress

SIP 183SessionProgress

SIP 183 SessionProgress

SIP 200 OK (INVITE)SIP 200 OK (INVITE)SIP 200 OK(INVITE)SIP 200 OK (INVITE)SIP 200 OK (INVITE)

SIP 180 Ringing SIP 180 RingingSIP 180 RingingSIP 180RingingSIP 180 Ringing

SIP ACK SIP ACK SIP ACK SIP ACK SIP ACK

SIP BYE SIP BYESIP BYESIP BYE SIP BYESIP 200 OK

(BYE) SIP 200 OK (BYE)SIP 200 OK (BYE)SIP 200 OK (BYE)SIP 200 OK (BYE)

66

SIP PRACK19 20 21 22 23SIP PRACK SIP PRACK SIP PRACK SIP PRACK SIP PRACK18

Evaluate Filter Critera

SIP 200 OK (PRACK) 2425272829 SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

26

P-CSCF S-CSCFUE-1 DNS HSS UE-2I-CSCF S-CSCF P-CSCFCalling Party Home Network Called Party Home Network

SIP PRACK37 38 39 40 41SIP PRACK SIP PRACK SIP PRACK SIP PRACK SIP PRACK36

SIP 200 OK (PRACK) 4243454647 SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

SIP 200 OK(PRACK)

44

Figure A: SIP UE to SIP UE

Not ncessary if home network is the same

for both UEs.

Evaluates initial filter criteria

Authorizes QoSAuthorizes

QoS


Slide 17

Mobile to Mobile detailed call flow (2)Mobile to Mobile detailed call flow (2)

Both users are already attached to the network and registered.

1. UE-1 sends a SIP INVITE message to its Proxy CSCF(P-CSCF).2. A SIP 100 Trying message is generated back to the UE. (This SIP 100 Trying message will

not be shown throughout these call flows, but it is assumed that a SIP 100 Trying will be generated in reply to all SIP INVITE messages to avoid retransmission of the SIP INVITE.)

3. The P-CSCF determines the S-CSCF for UE-1.4. The S-CSCF evaluates the Filter Criteria for UE-1 and then queries the DNS server to request

the location information about the called party UE-2. (A DNS query is not necessary if UE2’s home network is the same as UE-1’s home network. In this case the S-CSCF after evaluating the filter criteria forwards the INVITE to a local I-CSCF and the procedure skips to step 6.)

5. The address of the I-CSCF for the UE-2 is returned from the DNS Server.6. The SIP INVITE is passed to the I-CSCF for UE-2.7. A request is made to the HSS to determine the location/profile/status of UE-2.8. A reply is given from the HSS to the I-CSCF to identify the S-CSCF for UE-2.9. The SIP INVITE is forwarded on to the S-CSCF for UE-2 which evaluates the service profile

of the user and the initial filter criteria.10. The S-CSCF forwards the SIP INVITE to the P-CSCF for UE-2. (The S-CSCF knows the P-

CSCF for UE-2 based on UE-2’s registration).11. The P-CSCF forwards the SIP INVITE to UE-2.


Slide 18

Mobile to Mobile detailed call flow (3)Mobile to Mobile detailed call flow (3)

Step 12-17 A SIP 183 Session Progress message is sent back from UE-2 to UE-1. This SIP message may contain the SDP “answer” from the SIP INVITE SDP “offer”.

Step 18-23 A SIP PRACK (PRovisional ACKnowledgement) is sent from UE-1 to UE-2. If an incomplete SDP “offer” was made in the initial INVITE from UE-1, then the PRACK can be used to make another SDP “offer”.

Step 24-29 UE-2 responds with a SIP 200 OK to the previous SIP PRACK message. The message may include an SDP “answer” from the SDP “offer” from the previous SIP PRACK message.

Step 30-35 UE-2 may respond to the original SIP INVITE with a SIP 180 RINGING indicating that the called UE is ringing. This message traverses the same path back as the SIP INVITE took for delivery.

Step 36-41 UE-1 replies with a SIP PRACK to the previous SIP 180 RINGING.Step 42-47 UE-2 sends a SIP 200 OK in response to the SIP PRACK.Step 48-53 UE-2 also responds with a SIP 200 OK to the original SIP INVITE. This message

traverses the same path back as the SIP INVITE and should contain the SDP “answer”.Step 54-59 The SIP ACK message is sent from UE-1 to UE-2. This Acknowledgement will contain

the agreed upon resources for the session in the SDP.Step 60 A Bearer Session is established between UE-1 and UE-2. The RTP session established

here carries the negotiated media..Step 61-66 A SIP BYE message is sent by either party, UE-1 or UE-2. In this case UE-1 sends the

SIP BYE to UE-2 to terminate the call.Step 67-72 UE-2 responds with a SIP 200 OK to UE-1 and the session is terminated.


Slide 19

Service Bundling vs. Service Blending

Service bundling offers unified ordering and billing for otherwise separate services.

Service Blending enables different services to control one another, providing new services

Service Blending

Voice Subscriber

ControlVoice

Data

Video

Voice Network Control

Video Subscriber

Control

Video Network Control

Data Subscriber

Control

Data Network Control

For Voice Connections

For MobileVoice Connections

Third party

Wireline

Wireless

For Data Connections

For VideoVoice Connections

Voice

Data

Video

Unified Control

Wireline

Wireless

Mobile TV

Alerts

Gaming on Demand

Caller ID on TV

Family Finder

Web on TV

Service Bundling


Slide 20

Example: Separate Services

Separate Bills

No service integration

Phone Service TV Service


Slide 21

Example: Simple Service Bundling

Single Bill

No service integration(still independent services)


No cost reduction

No true differentiation(can easily be copied)


Slide 22

Example: Enhanced Service Bundling

Services are overlaid (e.g. display of Caller ID on TV)

But: Services still do not control each other.


905-943-5826


Slide 23

Example: True Service Blending

Services interwork and control one another, e.g.

Call disposition via TV Remote Control,

TV content is automatically recorded during a call.


Answer Call

Send-to-Voice Mail

Reject Call

905-943-5826


Slide 24

RTP/RTSPIGMP

Proprietary EPG

SIPMM1, SMSIMAP, MIME

etc.

HTTP SMTP

WAPetc.

Video on Demand,

Pay Per View,Wireless BCMC,

IP TV, etc.

Voicemail,MMS, SMS,

Email etc.

Web/WAP,Calendar, Contacts

On Line Transactions,

Content Services, Gaming, etc.

App

licat

ion

Serv

ers

Application Clients

IP Access and Transport Networks

Service Infrastructures - UnblendedVoIP, IM , PTT

Video ConferencePresence,

Location, etc.

MessagingServices

StreamingServices

Web / WAPInformation

ServicesSIP Services

(IMS)

Carriers are deploying multiple architectures for delivering services

Voice Calls, Calling Name,

Toll Free, Presence, Location

etc.

Circuit NWServices

TCAP


Slide 25

RTP/RTSPIGMP

Proprietary EPG

SIPMM1, SMSIMAP, MIME

etc.

HTTP SMTP

WAPetc.

Video on Demand,


IP TV, etc.

Voicemail,MMS, SMS,

Email etc.

Web/WAP,Calendar, Contacts

On Line Transactions,

Content Services, Gaming, etc.

App

licat

ion

Serv

ers

Application Clients

IP Access and Transport Networks

Service Infrastructures - BlendedVoIP, IM , PTT

Video ConferencePresence,

Location, etc.

MessagingServices

StreamingServices

Web / WAPInformation

ServicesSIP Services

(IMS)

Voice Calls, Calling Name,

Toll Free, Presence, Location

etc.

Circuit NWServices

TCAP

Blending Across Multiple Domains

This provides opportunities to create blending across multiple domains.


Slide 26

How is blending achieved?

Through the creation of a services “ecosystem” that provides unified control across multiple service domains

Someone said Blending??

Someone said Blending??

More Info ?More Info ?

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Reject Call

07131/12010407131/120104

TV World

Web World

Phone World

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S ponge BobFo ur Weddings and a Fun er alS einfeldS pider Man

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S ponge BobFo ur Weddings and a Fun er alS einfeldS pider Man

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6:00 pm9:00 pm

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UNTIL 3:30 PM

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07 131/ 1201 0407 131/ 1201 04

Recommended Programs

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PBSTBS

TOONABC

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TBSTOONABC

6: 00 pm9: 00 pm11:3 0 pm8: 00 pm

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Recently Recorded Programs30 min120 min30 min150 min

6/1 56/1 7

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Sponge BobFour Weddings and a Fune ralSein feldSpi der Man

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Unified ControlUnified Control

Enables truly blended services that go beyond simple service bundling

Enables truly blended services that go beyond simple service bundling

PhoneWorld

Web/Internet

TVWorld

Enables seamless service control across networks; supports data federation and content syndication.

IMS provides a framework for blending through the use of SCIM…IMS provides a framework for blending through the use of SCIM…


Slide 27

Service Capability Interaction ManagerSCIM Definition

S-CSCFS-CSCF

SIP Application Server

SIP Application Server

HSSHSS OSA service capability server

(SCS)

OSA service capability server

(SCS)

IM-SSFIM-SSF

Camel Service Environment

Camel Service Environment

OSA application

server

OSA application

server

ISC

Cx ISC

ISC

CAPMAP

OSA API

SCIM

AS AS

Sh

Si

MRFCMRFC

Mr

Figure 5.1 1 – 3GPP TS 23.218

“…specialized type of SIP Application Server, the service capability interaction

manager (SCIM) which performs the role of interaction management between other

application servers.”*

“…specialized type of SIP Application Server, the service capability interaction

manager (SCIM) which performs the role of interaction management between other

application servers.”*

“All the Application Servers, (including the IM-SSF and the OSA

SCS) behave as SIP application servers on the ISC interface.”*

“All the Application Servers, (including the IM-SSF and the OSA

SCS) behave as SIP application servers on the ISC interface.”*

*Source: TS 23.218* See also: TS 23.2002

3GPP is not expected to further define the SCIM since it is in the application layer.

3GPP is not expected to further define the SCIM since it is in the application layer.


Slide 28

Network

SIP

Support Systems & Databases (e.g.

HSS, DNS, Presence, Charging)

Kicking It Up a Notch - SCIM+ Network Architecture

Web Services

SIP Applications

MRFC

BGCFS-CSCF

I-CSCF

P-CSCF

SIP Applications

IPTV

Controlling interactions–Among Application Servers

–Among Multiple sessions

–To Multiple or Diverse CPEs

Blending of services across domains

–Blend with Presence, Location, etc.

–Blend with Web Servers, messaging

–Blend with Session Context

–Blend with IT or Desktop Applications

Streaming …

SCIM+


Slide 29

MessagingServices

StreamingServices

Web / WAPServices

Video on Demand,


IP TV, etc.

Voicemail,MMS,

SMS/EMS, etc.

Transactions,Content Services,

Contacts,Gaming,

Core infrastructure and IP Networks

IMSServices

VoIP, IM , POC,Video Telephony

Conferencing,Presence,

Location, etc.

DSL / Ethernet / CableRAN / WiFi

Service Provider Network

Blended Service ExampleCall Routing and TV Service

1

InboundCall

Blending of Voice and TV Services

User decides to forward to VM

3

Incoming Call Notification2

4Call forwarded to VM

SCIM+


Slide 30

Another ExampleOutlook Calendar Notifications

Use Case: Receive conference call reminder on cell phone with option for automated call placement.

Call Flow Example:

1. Outlook triggers alert for “conference call”via HTTP or Web Services interface

2. SCIM+ checks presence status of user (i.e. is cell phone on or off?)

3. If cell phone on, SCIM+ sends notification (e.g. via SMS), adding option for automate call placement.

4. If user selects to be placed on conference call, SCIM+ bridges user into conference

5. SCIM+ notifies Outlook via HTTP or Web Services interface to dismiss future reminders.

SessionControl

SCIM+SCIM+

MicrosoftOutlook

Pre-sence

SMSGateway

Conf.Server

11

22

3333

4444

44

55


Slide 31

Beyond IMS…Building an EcosystemIMS, SDPs and SDEs – Some Soft Definitions

A full function SDE spans the capabilities of traditional telecom vendors and traditional IT vendors.

SDP Service Delivery Platform A misnomer Not a Platform but rather a set of functions traditionally used by IT vendors for creating Business Processes and Web services. SDP Service Delivery Platform A misnomer Not a Platform but rather a set of functions traditionally used by IT vendors for creating Business Processes and Web services.

Application Developers and Providers

Network Infrastructure

End Users• Consumer• Enterprise• MVNOs

OSSBSS

Service Delivery Environment

IMS provides a first step

towards SDEs

IMS

SDE Service Delivery Environment A full ecosystem for the rapid introduction of new services:

Brings together network services with SOA based Web ServicesProvide seamless integration into BSS/OSSEnable the large ecosystem of IT application developers to write new services

SDE Service Delivery Environment A full ecosystem for the rapid introduction of new services:

Brings together network services with SOA based Web ServicesProvide seamless integration into BSS/OSSEnable the large ecosystem of IT application developers to write new services


Slide 32

Beyond IMS…Challenges

No standards

Lack of alignment on scope and components

Hard definitions are hard to get…still an evolving area…


Slide 33

Beyond IMS…A View of Nirvana???Unified Communications – Anywhere, Any Device, Anytime

• Goes beyond just voice to include video, email, IM and future applications controlling and interacting with one another

• Communication sessions are invoked through a variety of devices– real time.

• Anytime/anywhere access to call logs, voicemail, corporate directories, personal directories, calendars, mm content

Unified Control

PDAs & Cell Phones

SoftPhonesLaptops/ Remote Workers

Desktop Computers and Phones

Yo Co

Yo Co


Slide 34

Summary

Networks that in the past were separate are beginning to converge:

Web, telephony, TV are all coming together.

This coming together of networks allows for different levels of “service convergence”:

The first step was to offer service bundling but this is limited.

Service blending on the other hand can offer real differentiation to Service Providers.

Blending relies on unified control across multiple domains:

IMS is a starting place:

Offers an open framework for such unified control through the separation of the session layer from the

application layer and the use of the SCIM.

The development of full “Service Ecosystems”, through SDEs, is the next step forward in the

world of next generation networks.


Slide 35

Acknowledgements

Markus Hofmann

Rick Hull

Anne Lee

Doug Varney

And many others in Bell Labs/Alcatel-Lucent working in this area.

Date post:	12-Sep-2021
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Next Generation Converged Network Architecture and Application

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