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Nicolaus Copernicus
De Revolutionibus
the founder of modern astronomy
Heliocentric Theory
Johannes Kepler
Mysterium Cosmographicum (The Cosmographic Mystery)
GermanUsed math to prove Copernicus theory discovered that the Earth and planets travel about the sun in elliptical orbits
Galileo Galilei
Starry Messenger
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican
Italian - formulated the basic law of falling bodies – improved the telescope - discovered four moons revolving around Jupiter – supported Copernicus
Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes
Novum OrganumA Discourse on Method, Meditations on First Philosophy
English France
Isaac Newton
Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy)
English mathematician
work on optics and gravitation make him one of the greatest scientists the world has known
Gabriel Fahrenheit and Anders Celsius
Sweden
Observations on Determining the Shape of the Earth
Germany/Poland
Robert Boyle
The Sceptical Chymist
Ireland
Boyle's law – gas and pressure
The Father of Modern Chemistry
Joseph Priestly
Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of AirThe History of the Present State of the Discoveries relating to Vision, Light and Colours
England
Andreas Vesalius
The Structure of the Human Body
Belgium
father of modern anatomy
Edward Jenner
Englishpioneered vaccination
Small pox
Thomas Hobbes
“Leviathan” in 1651
Government should have absolute powerand control
England
Calvin and Hobbes
John Locke
“Declaration of the Rights of Man”1690
England
Individual Rights
Life, Liberty and Property
Baron de Montesquieu
“On the Spirit of Laws”1748
France
Separation of Powers
VoltaireWrote over 70 books
Including: “The Philosophical Dictionary”
France
Freedoms and RightsReligion, Speech
Jean Jacques Rousseau
“Social Contract”
France
Individual Rights
Government derives power from the People
Cesare Bonesana Beccaria
"On Crimes and Punishments"
Italy
Cruel and Unusual punishments
Mary Wollstonecroft
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
England
Women’s Rights
Thomas Jefferson
The Declaration of Independence
13 Colonies/United States
Individual Freedoms – protected by law
Fair taxes
