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PROBLEMS IN GASEOUS HYDRODYNAMICS MICHAŁ RÓŻYCZKA NICOLAUS COPERNICUS ASTRONOMICAL CENTER WARSAW, POLAND PLANETARY NEBULAE AS ASTRONOMICAL TOOLS GDAŃSK, 28.06.2005
PROBLEMS
IN GASEOUS HYDRODYNAMICS
MICHAŁ RÓŻYCZKANICOLAUS COPERNICUS ASTRONOMICAL CENTER
WARSAW, POLAND
PLANETARY NEBULAE AS ASTRONOMICAL TOOLSGDAŃSK, 28.06.2005
1. THE TEMPLATE:
2. PIECES OF THE PUZZLE:
TALK PLAN
• THE GENERIC NEBULA• ...AND SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
• INTRODUCTION: 1-D HYDRO• 2-D WORLD• 3-D WORLD • SMALL-SCALE FEATURES• MHD
THE TEMPLATE
THE GENERIC NEBULA
THE GENERIC NEBULA
SPHERICAL HALO
ORDERLY RINGS
A BIG MESS INSIDE
THE GENERIC NEBULA ...
VERY HOT GAS
(„HOT CAVITY”)
THE TEMPLATE
EXTRA FLAVOURS
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
HOT CAVITY
TADPOLES
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
WAVES
BIPOLAR LOBES
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
POINT SYMMETRY
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
MULTIPOLAR OUTFLOWS
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
FLIERS
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
ANSAE
JETS
DISKS
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
BRETS
BIPOLAR ROTATING EPISODIC JETS
SOME EXTRA FLAVOURS
HUBBLE FLOW(v ~ R)
BIPOLAR LOBES
PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
INTRODUCTION: 1-D HYDRO
INTRODUCTION: 1-D HYDRO
forward shock
contact surface
reverse shock
shocked wind 1
shocked wind 2
free wind 1
freewind 2
CONTACT SURFACE FRAME
forward shock
contact surface
reverse shock
shocked wind 1
shocked wind 2
free wind 1
freewind 2
CONTACT SURFACE FRAME
forward shock
contact surface
reverse shock
shocked wind 1
shocked wind 2
free wind 1
freewind 2
FREE WIND 2 FRAME (=AMBIENT MEDIUM FRAME)
free fast wind
shocked fast wind
free AGB wind
shocked AGB wind
forward shock
reverse shock
contact surface
INTRODUCTION: 1-D HYDRO
INTRODUCTION: 1-D HYDRO
Balick, B. & Frank, A. 2002; ARAA 40, 439
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INTRODUCTION: 1-D HYDRO
Balick, B. & Frank, A. 2002; ARAA 40, 439
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INTRODUCTION: 1-D HYDRO
RS
CS
FS
PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
2-D WORLD
2-D WORLD: BASICS
10
2q
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)(),( FRR l0aa
ROTATION
BINARY INTERACTIONS
MAGNETIC FIELDS
Icke V. 1988; A&A 202, 177
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RFOR SMALL DEPARTURES FROM SPHERICAL SYMMETRY:
reverse shock
forward shock
contact surface
shocked AGB wind
free AGB wind
shocked fast wind
free fast wind
2-D WORLD: BASICS
OBLIQUE SHOCK
shocked wind 2
freewind 2
SHOCK FRAME
2-D WORLD: OBLIQUE SHOCKS
2-D WORLD: SHAPING - BIPOLARS
Garcia-Segura,G. et al. 1999; ApJ 517, p.767
Mslow=10-5 M/yr.
Mfast =10-7 M/yr.
q = 0.1veq
vpl
Vpl/ Veq = 3
2-D WORLD: BREAKOUT
2-D WORLD: COLLIMATION, JETS-I
Blandford, R. & Rees, M. 1974; MNRAS 169, 395 Norman, M., Smarr, L., Smith, M., & Wilson, J. 1981; ApJ 247, 52
Frank, A. & Mellema, G. 1996; ApJ 472, 684
2-D WORLD: COLLIMATION, JETS-I
3
Mw = 10-7 M/yr
Vw = 200 km/s
adiabatic
.
RS
CS
FS
Frank, A. & Mellema, G. 1996; ApJ 472, 684
2-D WORLD: COLLIMATION, JETS-I
Mw = 10-7 M/yr
Vw = 200 km/s
adiabatic
q = 70
.
Frank, A. & Mellema, G. 1996; ApJ 472, 684
2-D WORLD: COLLIMATION, JETS-I
2-D WORLD: COLLIMATION, JETS-II
forward shock
reverse shock
contact surface
2-D WORLD: COLLIMATION, JETS-II
T
2-D WORLD: COLLIMATION, JETS-II
PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3-D WORLD
a = 2.4 AU a = 12.6 AU
RG star: M*=1M; R*=0.7 AUsecondary: M*=0.6 M
RG wind: 10-6 M/yrfast wind: 10-8 M/yr; 103 km/s
3-D WORLD: BINARY, DENSE WIND SHAPING
Gawryszczak, A., Mikołajewska, J. & Różyczka, M. 2002; A&A 385, 205
3-D WORLD: BINARY, DENSE WIND SHAPING
Gawryszczak, A., Mikołajewska, J. & Różyczka, M. 2002; A&A 385, 205
Courtesy: Doris Folini & Rolf Walder
http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/staff/walder/
3-D WORLD: BINARY, DISK FORMATION
RW HyaRED GIANT: M=1.6M, R=1013 cm, M=10-7 M/yr WHITE DWARF: M=0.48 M, a=21013 cm
.
3-D WORLD: BINARY, DENSE WIND SHAPING
SYMBIOTIC BINARYCOOL STAR: M=1.4M, R=1013 cm, M=310-8 M/yr HOT STAR: M=0.6 M, a=31013 cm, M=410-9 M/yr
..
HIGH
LOW
Courtesy: Doris Folini & Rolf Walder http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/staff/walder/
3-D WORLD: BINARY, COMMON ENVELOPE EVOLUTION
Movies by Eric Sandquist;http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/faculty/erics/web/
red giant: 1 M with a 0.45 M core
companion: 0.35 M
3-D WORLD: BINARY, COMMON ENVELOPE EVOLUTION
Eric Sandquist;http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/faculty/erics/web/
3-D WORLD: BINARY, COMMON ENVELOPE EVOLUTION
De Marco, O. Et al. 2003; RevMexAA S.Conf. 18,24
1130 days170 days
2310 days 3250 days
AGB star
core 0.56 M
envelope 0.69 M
radius 1.85 AU
companion
mass 0.1 M
timesscale 9 yr
mass lost 4 %
AGB star
core 0.56 M
envelope 0.69 M
radius 1.85 AU
companion
mass 0.1 M
synchronous
timesscale 9 yr
mass lost 25 %
AGB star
core 0.60 M
envelope 0.44 M
radius 3.00 AU
companion
mass 0.1 M
timesscale 18 yr
mass lost 84 %
PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: COOLING INSTABILITY
~T-0.7
Gaetz,T. & Salpeter, E. 1983; ApJS 52, 155
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: COOLING INSTABILITY; R-T INSTABILITY
Movie: courtesy Doris Folini & Rolf Walder http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/staff/walder/
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY
Movie: courtesy ASC / Alliances Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes http://flash.uchicago.edu/website/research/gallery/home.py
g lighter fluid
denserfluid
density schematic:
simulation time: 3.1 sec
density range: 0.5 – 2.5 g/cm3
isotropic thermal pressure
nonisotropic ram pressure
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: THIN SHELL INSTABILITY I
Vishniac, E. 1983; ApJ 274, 152
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: THIN SHELL INSTABILITY I
shocked AGB wind
shocked fast wind
free AGB wind
forward shock
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: THIN SHELL INSTABILITY II
Vishniac, E. 1994; ApJ 428, 186
nonisotropic ram pressure
nonisotropic ram pressure
SPHERICAL SYMMETRY: IONIZATION INSTABILITIES (?)
SPHERICAL SYMMETRY: RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY
AXIAL SYMMETRY: KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: THIN SHELL INSTABILITY II
Movie: courtesy Doris Folini & Rolf Walder http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/staff/walder/
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: THIN SHELL INSTABILITY II
John Blondinhttp://wonka.physics.ncsu.edu/~blondin/aas196/page33.html
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: IONIZED SHELL INSTABILITY
Garcia-Segura,G. & Franco, J. 1996; ApJ 469, p.171
SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: IONIZED SHELL INSTABILITY
Garcia-Segura,G. et al. 1999; ApJ 517, p.767
Mslow=10-5 M/yr.
Mfast =10-7 M/yr.
Fion =1046 /s
PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
MHD
MHD: WEAK FIELD, TOROIDAL PINCH ON RADIATIVELY DRIVEN WIND
Różyczka, M. & Franco, J. 1996; ApJ 469, p.L127
( B(2R*) = 2G )
Różyczka, M. & Franco, J. 1996; ApJ 469, p.L127
MHD: WEAK FIELD, TOROIDAL PINCH ON RADIATIVELY DRIVEN WIND
Różyczka, M. & Franco, J. 1996; ApJ 469, p.L127
MHD: WEAK FIELD, TOROIDAL PINCH ON MAGNETICALLY DRIVEN WIND
M* = 1 M
R* = 4.5 AU
spherical wind Mw = 10-6 M/yr
at R* toroidal field
of 0.1, 1 or 5 G
MHD: STRONG FIELD; „MAGNETIC EXPLOSION”
Matt, S. 2003; arXiv:astro-ph/0308548
dipole field anchored in the core; envelope ejected if
v*vAve−2 > 0.1
to match pPNe fields of 105–108 G are needed
MHD: STRONG FIELD; „MAGNETIC EXPLOSION”
Matt, S. 2003; arXiv:astro-ph/0308548
dipole field anchored in the core; envelope ejected if
v*vAve−2 > 0.1
to match pPNe fields of 105–108 G are needed
C. Fendt
MHD: JETS FROM LARGE-SCALE POLOIDAL FIELD
Bv2
Bv2
MHD: JETS FROM LARGE-SCALE POLOIDAL FIELD
Kuwabara, T. et al. 2005; ApJ 621, 921
MHD: JETS FROM INTERNAL POLOIDAL FIELD
Kudoh, T., Matsumoto, R. & Shibata, K. 2002; PASJ 54, 267
MHD: JETS FROM INTERNAL POLOIDAL FIELD
Kudoh, T., Matsumoto, R. & Shibata, K. 2002; PASJ 54, 267
