Date post: | 21-May-2015 |
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Nomenclature
Naming Compounds
Chemical Bonding Part 2
Rules for Formulas
All atoms must achieve stable electron configuration (full valence)
The formula must be electrically neutral– The sum of the positive and negative
charges must equal zero
Why do we write the metal first?
Usually the least electronegative element is written first, followed by the more electronegative element
Both in binary covalent and in binary ionic
Electronegativity
Metals First
Metals go first because they are less electronegative than non-metals
How do we name our formulas?
Name the cation first, then the anion
Do not include the numbers in the name
Example:
BaCl2 = Barium Chloride
Transition Metals
Form more than one type of cation
Must use Roman Numerals to distinguish which cation is in the formula
Roman Numerals are ONLY used in the NAME, not in the formula
The Roman Numeral stands for the charge on the cation, NOT THE SUBSCRIPT in the formula
Formula vs. Name
FeN = Iron III Nitride
Cu2O = Copper I Oxide
SnO = Tin II Oxide
SnO2 = Tin IV Oxide
How do I figure out what to name it?
Polyatomic Ions
Ions that are made up of more than one element
The elements stay together and act as one unit in chemical reactions
Together the elements still carry a charge
How does that work?
Na+ + PO43- = Na3PO4
Mg2+ + PO43- = Mg3(PO4)2
How do I figure out what to name it?
What do Ionic Compounds look like?
Ionic compounds form salts
Think of table salt
Cations are smaller than the parent atom
Anions are bigger than the parent atom
The compounds formed become tightly packed spheres of atoms
Sizes of Ions
The Positions of the Centers of the atoms (form a matrix)
Review
Simple Binary Ionic Compounds use the simple names of the ionsTransition Metals with more than one charge use Roman Numerals in the name, not in the formulaPolyatomic ions use the name of the ionNames and formulas are cation first, then the name of the anion