Nota Pp Phy Revision Spm 2009

8/7/2019 Nota Pp Phy Revision Spm 2009

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- Is a branch of sciences

which studies physical andnatural phenomenon-physical quantity that canbe measured

-is a physical quantity producedfrom the combination of basequantities throughmultiplication, division or both

-physical quantity whichcan not be defined interms of other physicalquantity

Length,l Meter,m

Mass,m Kilogram,kg

Time,t Second,s

Temperature,T Kelvin,K

Current,I Ampere,A

-physical quantity thathas magnitude only-eg: distance, length,

mass, volume, speed

-physical quantity thathave both magnitudeand direction-eg: velocity, force,weight, displacement


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-the ability of theinstrument to giveconsistent readings whenthe same physical quantityis measure more than once

-the ability of theinstrument to givemeasurements of physicalquantity which are close tothe actual value

-the ability of the instrumentto detect small changes in aquantity measured

-an error in reading scalewhen a physical quantity isbeing measured

-occur when thereading show on theinstrument is not zero

-occurs when the observer isreading the scale on themeasuring instrument

-occur when a reading istaken from an unsuitableposition relative to the

scale

-adjust the pointer of the scaleintrument to zero before use it-make sure the eye is perpendicularto the scale of the instrument


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-total route taken by a motion-scalar quantity

-distance taken consideration of direction (short path between 2 pts)-vector quantity

-rate of change of distance

-scalar quantity

-rate of change of displacement-vector quantity

Unit:ms -1

-the rate of change of velocity-vector quantity

-object move slower and slower-negative acceleration

Unit: ms -2

1.2. v=u+at3. s=ut+1/2at 2

4. v2=u2+2as

Graph of motion

1. displacement-time2. Velocity-time


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State that; Apply in

-the extension of a springis proportional to theapplied force, providedthe elastic limit is notexceededl E F

Elasticity


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-define as the property of matter toresist any change in its motion(ability to resist change in motion)

Newton s 1 st law

-relate to

mass of theobject

-bigger mass biggerinertia

-smaller masssmaller inertia

Eg;1. pushing a

big rock

2. Kicking a ball

Eg;1. Elephant

chasing a chile2. To pour out of

chili sauce3. To tighten the

head of ahammer

Eg;1. Passenger in the bus will throw to the front

when the driver stop the bus suddenly2. Container ship need over an hour to accelerate

to its full speed or slow down to stop


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-define as a productof mass andvelocityP = mass x velocity

-vector quantity

Unit; kgms -1Increases when

1. Mass increases2. Velocity

increases3. Both mass and

velocityincreases

apply

State that;

-the total linear momentumof a closed system of bodiesis constant(total momentumbefore collision is equal to thetotal momentum aftercollision

elastic inelastic explosion

-both object separateafter collision

-both object will movetogether after collision

-two or more objects incontact will be separatedafter collision

m 1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2 m 1u1+m2u2=(m1+m2)v (m 1+m2)u=m 1v1+m2v2

Total momentum andtotal energy areconserved



Total kinetic energy

conserved

Total kinetic energy is not

conserved

Total kinetic energy is

not conserved

applications1. Rocket2. The water hose3. Billiards and

bowling games


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-an action which will alter thestate of motion of abody/object in a straight line

define as-vector quantity-unit; Newton (N)

Alter body /objectsize, shape, state of motion, directionof motion and speed

types -in a conditionbody/object doesnot change the stateof rest or motion.

-eg; stationary caran aeroplane flyingat constant velocity

-when the force acting on theobject/body

-unbalanced forced=netforce/resultant force

10 N3 N

Unbalanced force= 10 3 N= 7 N

F=ma

-define as the changeof momentum-Ft=mv-mu (kgms -1or Ns)

-rate of change of momentum-impulsive force=impulse/time

-unit; kgms -2 or N

applied in car safety feature design

Force in equilibrium,net force is zero


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-gravitational force acting perunit mass on an object in thefield, (g=10 m/s 2)

-define as the force of gravityacting on object-vector quantity

-influence by the accelerationdue to gravity, g

W=mg

-any object which fall onlyunder the influence of theforce of attraction due togravity and without anyinfluence of other force

Object fall with the same acceleration due to gravity,g=10 m/s 2

-is not influenced by the mass of anobject

-influenced by the other force whichis air resistance

- When two object arereleased at the same heightsimultaneously, they willreach to the bottom at thesame time

VACUUM- A SPACE WITH NO AIR


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-Define as;the product of the force and thedisplacement of an objectin the direction of theforce

Work done= F x s

need energy - define as the potential or theability to do work

- Energy caused byan object due toits position or rate

Depend on;1. Mass2. Height3. Gravitational

fieldPotential energy=Work done=mgh

- define as the energy causedby an object due to its motion

Kinetic energy=work done=1/2 mv 2

PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATIONOF ENERGY

State that;Energy can not bedestroyed or created butit can change from oneform to another

-define as; the rate at which workis done or the rate of change of energy. (unit; watt,W)

Depend on time taken and work done


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-spring is stretch and compressedHOOKE S LAW APPLY

-state that;The extension of aspring is proportionalto the force applied toit, provided the elasticlimit is not exceeded

equation

k - spring constantk =gradient of graph F-x

1. Length of spring(longer spring,bigger extension)

2. Diameter of the coil of spring

(bigger diameter, biggerextension)3. Type of material (more flexible,

more extension) eg; coppermore flexible than steel.

4. Cross sectional area of wirewhich form the spring ( thinner

wire, more extension)5. Arrangement of the springs(spring arranged in series willgive a greater extension)

Work done by aspring;W=1/2 Fx=E p


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-Force per unit area

define as

Unit, Pascal(Pa)

P=h Vg -P depends on;

1. Depth (depth o, P o)2. Density (density o, Po)3. Gravitational field strength

-properties;1. Pressure act at all directions2. Pressure at the same height

is equal

-caused by the collision of gasmolecules moving randomly inthe container-measured by using manometer

and Bourdon Gauge

-caused by the weight of air above us-value of 1atm is 76 cm Hg-Instrument use; aneroidbarometer and Fortin

Barometer.

moving liquid

-pressure applied to a fluid ina closed vessel is transmittedequally to every point in aliquid

- eg; hydraulic system

state that;When the speed of afluid increase, theinternal pressure in the

fluid decrease and viceversa

-applications;1. Bunsen burner

2. Aerofoil in aircraftwing

3. Bug sprayer


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Archimedes

Principle

State that;-when an object is whollyor partially immersed ina fluid, it experiences a

buoyant force equal tothe weight of waterdisplaced.

Upthrust = weight of the water displaced VVg = mg

1. Vobject > Vfluid2. Weight of object>upthrust3. V fluid displ aced = V object4. Upthrust=weight of the fluid displaced

1. Weight of object = upthrust2. V fluid displaced Vobject

= V object immersed in fluid

1. Submarine

2. Hot air ballon3. Hydrometer4. Ship


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HE AT -measure the hotness of

the body

temperature

- Transfer energy froma hot object to a coldobject until both reachthe same temperature

Thermal equilibrium -two object in thermal contactwith same temp.(no heat transferbetween them)

-the amount of heat thatrequired to raise itstemperature of 1kg of the

substance by 1r

C-

(Jkg-1 r C-1)

-heat energy required to melt1 kg of the substance at itsmelting point without changein temperature (solid to liquid)-Q=ml

-is the heat energy requiredto change 1 kg of thesubstance from liquid to gasat boiling point withoutchange of temperature-Q=ml


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-State that;For a fixed mass of gas at constantpressure , the volume of the gas is

directly proportional to its absolutetemperature(kelvin scale of temperature)

-state that;For a fixed mass of gas at constanttemperature, the volume of thegas in inversely proportional to itspressure

-state that;Pressure of a fixed mass of gas atconstant volume is directlyproportional to its absolute

temperature

0 K = -273 r CKinetic theory of gas;gases has zero volumeand pressure- Tr C=(T+273) K


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LIGH T


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Law of reflection -state that;

(a) Angle of incidence=angle of reflection(b) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the

normal at the point of incidence are in the

same plane

-image formed by plane mirror;(a) Same size as the object(b) As far behind the mirror as

the object is in front(c) Virtual(d) Upright(e) Laterally inverted

-image formed by convex mirror ;

(a) Virtual(b) Upright(c) Smaller than object

-bending of light when it passes fromone medium to another(because of the change of velocity of light anddensity of medium)

-obeys;1. Law of reflection

-the incident ray, refracted ray andnormal line lies on the same plane.- the ratio of sin i to the sin r isconstant

2. Snell s Law :

1. Light passes from aless dense mediumto a densermedium, ray

refracted towardthe normal2. Light passes from a

denser medium toless densemedium, rayrefracted away

from normal


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-Condition;(a) The light ray must pass from a

denser medium to a lessdense medium

(b) The of incidence must begreater than the critical angle

- Converging lens

- Diverging lens

Linear magnification,

f-focal lengthu-object distanceV-image distance

Application; periscope

Applications;-camera, spectacles,magnifying glass,microscope and other

optical instrument


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Nota Pp Phy Revision Spm 2009

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