Notes Blog

8/14/2019 Notes Blog

1/20

[Early civilizations of

India and Pakistan]

3.1

October 6, 2008


2/20

To do:

Create-a-test day. Read Section 1

Create a list of12 Questions.

True/false (4), multiple choice (4),short answer (4)

This should be an overview of theENTIRE section.

List/define 12 terms on pg. 68

Individual Work please.

Due Tomorrow.

Question #1---The natural landscape andgeography of South Asia hadlittle impact on the civilizationsway of life(T/F)

Mountains (Himilayas) limited contact with others

There were passes (i.e. Khyber)

Geography divided area into regions

Gangetic Plain

Deccan

Coastal plains


3/20

Question #2--- Monsoons were an important

part of Indus Culturebecause they brought:

a. Cold winters, rainy summersb. Moist winters, dry summers

c. Natural disasters that brought peopletogetherd. Dry winters, wet summers

Monsoons seasonal winds that shaped Indian life

Depending on direction, crops would face both dry

season and moist season

If they dont come on time = starvation

If they come too often = mass flooding

Question #3---the cities of Mohenjo-Daro

and Harappa were well-planned and had organizedgovernments (T/F)

Cities had unknown hilltop structures

Laid out in patterns, with main streets/rectangle blocks

Had complex plumbing systems (drains, baths, etc.)


4/20

Question #4--- Statues and clay seals found

indicate that the Indusreligious beliefs were

A. PantheisticB. PolytheisticC. Animistic

D. Monotheistic

Like other early civilizations, they were polytheistic

Possibly: a Mother Goddess (creation) and leading

male God.

Viewed animals as sacred. Foreshadowing

veneration?

Question #5

---By about 1900 BC, the Indus

civilization was no longer.

Explain what happened.

2600 BC 1900 BC

Quality of life dwindled, cities abandoned

Possible reasons:

1.Attack from outside

2.Environmental factors

3.Major Flood/Quake


5/20

The Aryans2000bc 1500bc

Migration from C. Asia to India

Built NO CITIES, left behind little,

except

The VEDAS

(sacred texts, hymns, chants)

Way of Life

Lead by rajahs (most skilled

warrior)

Divided society

Brahmins | priests

Kshatriyas | warriors

Vaisyas | artisans, merchants Sudras | servants

Dalits | work others wouldnt do


6/20

Religious Beliefs Polytheistic

Indra, chief God.

[Evolved overtime]

Braham, single God

Mysticism, contact with divine

Both shaped future Indian religion

HINDUISM

God is one, but wisepeople know it by many

names


7/20

The basics.

No Founder, No Sacred Text

Complex, many gods, forms of worship

Universal Beliefs:

1) Everything is part of force ofBraham2) Gods give concrete form to

Teaching recorded in VEDAS

BRAHMA | the creator


8/20

VISHNU | the preserver

SHIVA | the destroyer


9/20

| Goal of a Hindu Life |

All have a ATMAN, true self

Goal is MOKSHA, or union with Braham

HOW? = free yourself from selfish desires

REINCARNATION (several attempts)

| Key Teachings |

KARMA, good and bad

DHARMA, moral duties

AHIMSA, nonviolence Caste systems, high and low dictated Hindu

life


10/20

BUDDHISMSiddhartha Guatama

the Enlightened One

| The Basics | NO GOD.

Pain, sorrow and the cure

After becoming enlightened Buddha taught others

what he had learned:

FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS


11/20

1 | All Life is full of suffering,pain, and sorrow.

2 | The cause of suffering is non-virtue


12/20

3 | the key is to

overcome non-virtue

4 | overcoming non-virtue

requires following the

ULTIMATE GOAL = enlightenment, NIRVANA (release

from this earth (cycle of re-birth)


13/20

Maurya Empire

{321- 185 BC} Chandragupta Maurya =

founder Well organized bureaucracy

Ruled effectively, but harsh

Dissentwas not allowed

Asoka Takes Reigns

Expands empire, then

denounces violence

(convert?) Encouraged spread of

Buddhism

Unifies empires


14/20

Deccan

Kingdoms Diverse population

Dravidians/TamilKingdoms

Hinduism/Buddhismbecome popular

Trade was important

Guptas 320-540 AD

REMEMBER THIS:

GOLDEN AGE[Def: a period of greatcultural achievement]


15/20

GOLDEN AGE[Def: a period of great

cultural achievement]

Schools! Religion and many other

topics taught

Developed decimal system of

numbers (~10)

Vaccinations!

>>>> White Huns ruin the party-

Unity no longer.

Chinese

Civilization10/20/2008Mr. Rathjen


16/20

[Beginnings]

*History begins @ Huang River Valley

-Yellow River Civilization

*Loess fine, windblown yellow soil

*River Of Sorrows???

-Discover silk, calligraphy,

1st books

[Shang Dynasty]

*1766-1122 BC

*Clans, headed by princes and nobles held

most control*Social classes developed

-top = royal family, warriors

-bottom = peasants (*most people)


17/20

[Zhou (joh) Dynasty]

*1122 256 BC

*Mandate from Heaven (divine right to rule)

*Zhou rewarded supporters with land

-feudalism?

*Downfall is _____________________??


18/20

1. Founded by Laozi

2. Focus on harmony

with nature

3. Stresses virtue ofyielding

4. Govt is unnatural &

should govern as

little as possible.

1. Founded by

Confucius

2. Focus on worldly

goals of socialorder/good govt

3. Stresses accepting

ones place in

society

4. Govt should set a

good example

DaoismConfucianism

Chinese Unification

3.5

Cracking his long whip, he drove the universe before him,

swallowing up the eastern and western Zhou and

overthrowing the feudal lords

Shi Huangdi, First Emperor, rules QinDynasty in 221 BC (*last only until 206 BC)

Start of classical age, or framework for later

cultures


19/20

Legalism

Huangdi rules with Legalism

Harsh rules/punishments

Authoritarian rule

Disbands feudalism

Builds GREAT WALL to protect state

Qin falls to revolts over policies (remember

dynastic cycle?)


20/20

HAN Dynasty

(202 BC 220 AD)

WUDI, most famous emperor:

1. Confucian ideas

2. Strengthened economy (MONOPOLY)

3. Expansionism

4. Opens trade routes/Silk Road (4,000 miles)

5. Civil service system (merit driven appt)

HAN Dynasty

Warlords overthrow HAN

Achievements:

1. Academics/Astronomy2. Acupuncture

3. Paper making

Also, Buddhism eventually reached China (more

personalized/emphasized suffering)

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