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Notes: Pedigrees
engage/warmupSarah had to create a family
tree of her Dad’s family for her school project Help her fill out her tree!
Sarah has a brother named Ted. Their dad’s name is Jackson. Jackson has an older brother name Sam. Sam has two kids Alex and Julie. Sarah was named after her Grandma
SARAH
ReflectionWhat kind of information do
family trees give?
What kind of information do family trees not give?
Why would it be helpful to know this information?
SARAH
Pedigree
• A pedigree is a chart of the genetic history of family over several generations.
Pedigree Key
= females• = males• = female that
expresses the trait• = male that
expresses the trait• = marriage• = offspring
Molly arthur
Bill Delenor
Victoria Dominique LouisFred
George Angelina
Roxanna
Harriet
AlbusLilyJames
Ginny
MollyLucy
Percy Audry
Teddy
Jon
Hugo Rose
RonHave hitchHikers thumb
BillAngelinaAlbusRoxana
4 types of Pedigree Charts
1. X- linkedMost of the males inherit
the disorder
*If the mother is a carrier of or is affected by a sex linked trait her son’s are almost always affected… B/c Boy’s only receive one X-chromosome, they express EVERYTHING that’s on it!
Ex. Colorblindness
4 types of Pedigree Charts2. Autosomal
-a 50/50 ratio between men and women
Ex. Sickle cell
4 types of Pedigree Charts
3. Dominant- one of the parents must have the disorder.
Ex. Huntingtons disease
4 types of Pedigree Charts
4. Recessive, -neither parent has the disorder because they are heterozygous. (carriers)
Ex. Cystic fibrosis
Example of Pedigree Charts
• 1. how many are affected? • 2. Is it Autosomal or X-linked?• 3. Is it Dominant or recessive?
Example of Pedigree Charts• 4.How many generations?• 5. Dominant or Recessive?
6. . Autosomal or X-linked?
Example of Pedigree Charts
What is the genotype of the grandather?
Draw out this pedigreeGrandma Maria married Grandpa Joe who
has diabetes. They had 3 children Sarah, Mike and Chris. Mike and Sarah both have Diabetes. Sarah married and had two girls one which has diabetes. Mike did not marry. Chris married a woman with diabetes and had a boy without diabetes.
Draw out this pedigreeLarry’s mother Anette married his father Alex. They had 4 kids, larry, sarah, indy, and jack. Jack and sarah have star shaped mole just like their mother. Larry and Indy do not have the mole. Larry married lisa and had two girls both of which have the star shaped mole.
Tues/wed
Warm-up
Practice…
Draw out this pedigree & label the possible Genotype: (curly hair is recessive to straight hair)
David Jr.’s mother Maria married his father David . They had 4 kids, David Jr, Raul, Missy,and jack. Jack and Raul have curly hair just like their mother. Missy and David Jr. do not. David Jr .married Lisa and had two girls, both of which have curly hair.
Today’s Assignment1. Working in Groups of 3, Read your
scenario and draw a complete pedigree chart.
Your chart must include….1. Title2. All family members3. Key of symbols4. Genotype for all possible family
members (aa, AA, or Aa)5. The type of pedigree it is
1. X-linked, autsomal, dominant or recessive
6. You only get to ask me for help TWICE! So use your group members first.
Readings NICE HAIR!
Humans may have a peaked or smooth hairline. Peaked is dominant to smooth. If a man and a woman both have a smooth hairline, none of their children will have peaked hairlines. How is a peaked hairline most likely inherited? Draw a pedigree for a family where one parent and two of three children have a peaked hairline. One of the children with a peaked hairline marries an individual with a smooth hairline. Their children both have a peaked hairline. Identify the genotypes and phenotypes of each individual.
You’re so Nutty!
Almond shaped eyes are a dominant eye-shape allele and round eyes are recessive. An almond-eyed woman whose father had round eyes and whose mother had almond eyes marries a almond-eyed man whose parents are also almond-eyed. They have a son who is round-eyed. Please draw a pedigree showing all four grandparents, the two parents, and the son. Indicate which individuals you are certain of their genotype and where there is more than one possibility.
You’re my Boy, Blue!
Brown eyes are a dominant eye-color allele and blue eyes are recessive. A brown-eyed woman whose father had blue eyes and whose mother had brown eyes marries a brown-eyed man whose parents are also brown-eyed. They have a son who is blue-eyed. Please draw a pedigree showing all four grandparents, the two parents, and the son. Indicate which individuals you are certain of their genotype and where there are more than one possibilities.
Thursday
Chromosomes
Contains genes that determine your traits that you inherit
Visible form of DNA used by scientist to determine possible disorders (karyotyping)
Chromosome (c’some) #s
Contains 46 chromosomes -44 are body
chromosomes– pairs numbered 1 thru 22
• 2 are sex chromosomes (the 23rd pair ONLY)
Types of Sex C’somes
• X chromosome – found in women and men, much larger in size
• Y chromosome – found ONLY in men, much smaller
Women vs. MenWomen:• Chromosome # is
written 46, XX (for “normal” women)
• ONLY have X c’somes therefore they can only donate an X c’comes to their children
Men:• Chromosome # is
written 46, XY (for “normal” males)
• Because men have the presence of both sex c’somes they are the ones that DETERMINE the sex of the child.
Karyotype
• A photograph which shows all of chromosomes that are inherited from the parents
Male or Female?
How would this be written?
Male or Female?
How would this be written?
Normal or abnormal?
How would this be written?
Normal or abnormal?
Male or Female?
How would this be written?
Normal or abnormal?
Male or Female?
How would this be written?
Normal or abnormal?
Male or Female?
How would this be written?
Normal or abnormal?
Male or Female?
How would this be written?
Normal or abnormal?
Male or Female?
How would this be written?
Friday
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html
Karyotyping Activity
In this activity, you will use a com
puter model to look at chrom
osomes and prepare a karyotype. You w
ill diagnose patients for abnormalities and learn the correct notation for characterizing
karyotypes.Site 1: w
ww
.biology.arizona.eduClick on Karyotyping under hum
an biology and read the Introduction page:1. W
hat causes a dark band on the chromosom
e? _____________________________________2. W
hat is a centromere? _______________________________________________________
Patient Histories: *Click on Patient H
istories. You will be com
pleting a karyotype for Patient A, B & C
Patient A ( Click on the link to "Complete Patient A's Karyotype" )
*Match the chrom
osome to its hom
olog. After all the matches are com
plete you'll analyze your patient. (Scroll down to view
your completed karyotype).
3. What is patient A's history (sum
marize) ______________________________________________
4. How
many total chrom
osomes are in your karyotype - count them
_________The last set of chrom
osomes is the sex chrom
osomes, if you have tw
o large chromosom
es, your patient is XX (female), one large and one sm
all indicates and XY (male) . W
hat sex chrom
osomes does your patient have ________
Which chrom
osome set has an extra + _______
5. What diagnosis w
ould you give this patient (what disease)? ______________
Patient B - click on the link to go to Patient B and repeat the above process.6. W
hat is Patient B's history (summ
arize) _______________________________________________7. H
ow m
any total chromosom
es are in your karyotype - count them _________
What sex chrom
osomes does your patient have ________
Which chrom
osome set has an extra + _______
8. Finish the notation for this patient's karyotype : 47 X _____9. W
hat is the diagnosis? __________________________________Patient C - click on the link to go to Patient C and repeat the above process.10. W
hat is patient C's history (summ
arize)? _________________________________________11. H
ow m
any total chromosom
es are in your karyotype - count them _________
What sex chrom
osomes does your patient have ________
Which chrom
osome set has an extra + _______
12. Write out the correct notation for this karyotype. ________
13. What is the diagnosis? _________________________________________
Site 2: Unknow
n Karyotypes htt
p://bluehawk.m
onmouth.edu/~bio/karyotypes.htm
1. choose an abnorm
al karyotype and drag and drop the chromosom
es to complete the chart.
2. when com
pleted use the snipping tool to take a picture of your karyotype. Paste this picture in a new w
ord document.
3. underneath write your “diagnosis” a) m
ale or female b) norm
al or abnormal c) of abnorm
al – where the abnorm
ality is and what kind it is (m
issing chromosom
e, extra chromosom
e etc.) Choose any 2 to com
plete. Any additional karyotypes completed w
ill be counted as extra credit.