Notes

Section 2.2: States of Matter

Matter and Energy

What are the 4 states of Matter?

•Solid•Liquid•Gas•Plasma

The 3 States of Matter: Characteristics

How do you change a state of matter?

Melting•The process by which a solid becomes a liquid.

Molecular Movement of Melting

SOLID LIQUID

Particles are

vibrating

Particles break loose and slide

past one another.

Heat gives particles ENERGY

Melting Point•The lowest temperature at which a substance begins to melt.

Melting PointsNitrogen

-345.82 F

Oxygen -361.12 F

Iron 2795.0 F

Carbon 6332.0 F

Helium -457.6 F

Sodium 207.9 F

FreezingThe process by which a liquid becomes a solid.

Molecular Movement of Freezing

SOLIDLIQUID

The heat leaves…and the energy from the particles decreases…creating a solid

Are these items frozen?

Freezing Point

•The temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid.

Time to Think!

• What is the relationship between a substance’s melting point and freezing point?

• They are the same temperature!

Evaporation•The process by which a liquid becomes a gas.

Molecular Movement of Evaporation

Add heat to a liquid…

…and get a gas

Word Study•The root of the word evaporation is ____________, a Latin word meaning _____________________.

vapor

steam

Sublimation•The process

by which a solid changes directly to a gas.

Boiling•The process by which a liquid becomes a gas and produces bubbles.

Molecular Movement of Boiling

Why does the

liquid in the first

picture

evaporate when

no heat is

added?

Boiling Point

•The temperature at which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state.

Condensation

• The process by which a gas changes its state to become a liquid.

Beads of water that have condensed from the surrounding air.

Molecular Movement of Condensation

LIQUID

GAS

The heat leaves… and the energy from the particles decreases…creating a liquid

Word Study

•The root of the word condensation is ______________, which comes from a Latin word meaning ____________________.

condense

to thicken

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