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POPLAR HOSPITAL FOR ACCIDENTS, Poplar, E.-Assistant HouseSurgeon for six months. Salary at rate of £80 per annum, withboard and residence.

PRESTON, COUNTY ASYLUM. Whittingham, Lanes.-Assistant MedicalOfficer, unmarried. Salary JB250 per annum, with board, apart-ments, &c.

PKESTON ROYAL INFIRMARY.-House Physician. Salary E120 perannum, with board, residence, and laundry.

PuTNEY HOSPITAL, Putney Common, S.W.-Resident Medical Officer.Salary £100 per annum, with rooms, board, and laundry.

RETFORD, STATE CRIMINAL LUNATIC ASYLUM.-Medical Locum Tenens.Salary jE5 5s. per week, with quarters, ecals, light, and attendance.

ROUSAY AND EGILSHAY. PARISH OF.-Resident Medical Officer. Salary£61 sterling per annum, with house (partly furnished) and garden.From Medical Association £30.

ROYAL EDINBURGH ASYLUM, Morningside.-Assistant Physician.Salary ,El75 per annum.

ROYAL NAVAL MEDICAL SERVICE.-Twenty-five Appointments.ROYAL WATERLOO HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN AND WOMEN, S.E.-

Junior Resident Medica! Officer. Salary at rate of E70 per annum,with board and washing. Also Senior Resident Medical Officer.Salary at rate of L90 per annum, with board and washing.

ST. MARYLEBONE.-District Medical Oflicer for poor in St. John’sdistrict of the parish. Salary £100 per annum.

ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN, Plaistow, E.-Assistant Resident Medical Officer. Salary at rate of £100 perannum, with board, residence, and laundry.

ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL. Paddington, W.-Resident Assistant Anses-thetist for six months. Salary at rate of £100 per annum, withboard and residence.

SALFORD ROYAL HOSPITAL.-Casualty House Surgeon. Salary atrate of £100 per annum. with board and residence.

SALFORD UNION INFIRMARY.-Resident Assistant Medical Officer,unmarried. Salary C150 per annum, with apartments, attend-ance. and rations.

SCARBOROUGH HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY.-Senior and Junior HouseSurgeons. Salaries 2100 and £80 per annum respectively, withboard, residence, &c.

SHEFFIELD, EAST END BRANCH OF THE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL (OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT).-House Surgeon. Salary £120 per annum,with board and residence.

SOUTH SHIELDS, INGHAM INFIRMARY AND SOUTH SHIELDS AND

WESTOE DISPENSARY.-Junior House Surgeon. Salary £115 perannum, with residence, board, and washing

SUNDERLAND ROYAL INFIRMARY.-House Physician and Junior HouseSurgeon. Salaries E120 and £100 per annum respectively, withboard, residence, and laundry.

SWANSEA GENERAL AND EYE HOSPITAL.-House Surgeon. Salary.E125 per annum, with board, washing, and attendance. AlsoHouse Physician. Salary E125 per annum, with board, apartments,and laundry.

TRURO, ROYAL CORNWALL INFIRMARY.-House Surgeon, unmarried.Salary ,EIOD per annum, with rooms, board, and washing.

WALSALL AND DISTRICT HOSPITAL.- Junior House Surgeon and An2es-thetist. Salary £110 per annum, with board, residence, andlaundry.

WEST BROMWlCH AND DISTRICT HOSPITAL.-Assistant ResidentHouse Surgeon and Anaesthetist, unmarried. Salary £100 perannum, with board, residence, and washing.

WEST RIDING OF THE COUNTY OF YORK, STORTHES HALL ASYLUM.Kirkburton, near Huddersfield.-Assistant Medical Officer. SalaryjE2M per annum, with rooms, board, attendance, and washing.

WESTON-suPER-MARE HOSPITAL.-House Surgeon, unmarried. Salary2120 per annum, with residence, board, and laundry.

WINCHESTER. ROYAL HAMPSHIRE COUNTY HOSPITAL.-House Physician.Salary £80 per annum. -

THE Chief Inspector of Factories, Home Office, London, S.W., givesnotice of vacancies for Certifying Surgeons under the Factoryand Workshop Acts at Dunstable, in the county of Beds; and atTrillick, in the county of Tyrone.

THE Home Secretary gives notice of vacancies for Medical Refereesunder the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1906, for the Shetland

_ District in the Sheriffdom of Caithness, Orkney. ancl Shetland , andfor Cardiff and Barry County Courts in Circuit No. 24.

Births, Marriages, and Deaths.BIRTHS.

COLLINGRIDGE.-On July 31st. at Goldwell, Goudhurst, Kent, the wifeof W. R. Collingridge, M.R.C.S-, of a son.

GILLIES.-On July 24th, at Kindar House, New Abbey, Dumfries, thewife of Hugh Gillies, M.R.C.P., of a daughter.

MASON.-On August 1st, at George-street, Portman-square, W., thewife of G.A. Mason, M.A., M.B., B.C. Cantab., of a son.

TURNER.-On August 4th, at St. Philip’s-place, Birmingham, OliveElgood Turner, M.S.Lond., wife of Altred Charles Turner, of adaughter. -

MARRIAGES.BENJAFIELD-GELARDI.-On July 28th, at Holy Trinity, Brompton,

Joseph Dudley Beniafield, M.D., to Elvera Helen, elder daughterof Gustave C. E. Gelardi, Folkestone.

DABBYSHIRE-BRIGGS.-On July 30th, at St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields,Trafalgar- square, Stewart C. Darbyshire, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P., toAlice, second daughter of the late Colonel John Briggs.

DEATHS.BATLEY.-On July 31st (suddenly), at Christchurch, Hants, Albert

Brook Batley, M.R.C.S., M.R.C.P., titth son of the late JosephBatley, of Huddersfield. -

N.B.-A fee of 5s. is charged for the insertion of Notices of Births,Marriages, and Deaths.

Notes, Short Comments, and Answersto Correspondents.

STUDENTS’ NUMBER OF THE LANCET.INFORMATION intended for the Students’ Number of

THE LANCET must be sent WITHOUT DELAY, addressed tothe Sub-Editor, and marked on the envelope "Students’Number Only."

-

PUBLIC HEALTH IN JERUSALEM.

THE British Consul reports that in Jerusalem in 1913 therewere no serious epidemics of the nature of the dengueepidemic of 1912, but an unusual number of typhoid fevercases were treated in the hospitals in October and November,and measles prevailed towards the end of the year and wasresponsible, with attendant pneumonia, for a large number rof deaths among infants and young children. Sporadiccases of typhus fever, meningitis, and diphtheria alsooccurred during the year. Of the diseases which are

endemic in Jerusalem and its surroundings malaria is farthe most important from its disastrous effects upon thepublic health, and all types of this mosquito-borne feverwere abundantly present throughout the year, especiallyin the autumn months. Trachoma is another omnipresentscourge, and its destructive results were quite as demon-strable as in previous years, whilst ophthalmia gave rise toan epidemic period in the summer and was responsiblefor a good deal of permanent suffering, especially inchildren. Efforts to grapple with the problems of publichealth were made by the International Health Bureau, anduseful work was done in combating malaria by the supplyof prophylactic treatment in 28 Jerusalem schools; a

Pasteur department has been instituted and more than100 suspected cases from animal bites were treated; thebacteriological section was also of great use to local practi-tioners in helping to differentiate various diseases. Thispraiseworthy effort, however, lacks municipal authorityand is therefore limited in scope and power, but it pro-vides an object-lesson which the local government mightwell make use of in the establishment of a well-organisedpublic health department. The population of Jerusalemis variously estimated at from 95,000 to 110,000, including70,000 Jews, 13,000 Christians, and 12,000 Mahommedans.In spite of the emigration of many Jews to escape militaryservice there has still been a marked increase in this section -

of the population on account of the continuous inflnx of agedJews who come with the intention of ending their days inPalestine. The British community numbers about 350souls, most of whom are missionaries. About 3000 touristsand pilgrims of the better class visited Jerusalem duringthe year ended May 31st, 1913.

THREE KINDS OF SURGEONS.

To the Editor of THE LANCET.SIR,-In the Address in Surgery before the British Medical

Association at Aberdeen Sir John Bland-Sutton stated thatthere are two kinds of surgeons-viz., craftsmen andbiologists.But there is also a third kind, the clinical surgeon, after

the manner of the late Sir John Erichsen. Technique is allvery well in its place, but the simpler the better for thepatient. I may here be pardoned for mentioning in this con-nexion that the Box tunnel, near Bath, was engineered bythe pick and shovel. I am, Sir, yours faithfully,August 4th, 1914. G. P.

THE DISINFECTION OF SEASIDE SHELTERS.

To the Editor of THE LANCET.SIR,-It would be interesting to many people at this

season of the year to learn what is the rule in the variousseaside places of this country in disinfecting the sheltersplaced for the general accommodation of the public near thebeach or on the promenades. I have just returned from onewell-known resort where there are shelters used by all sortsand conditions of people, and I am informed that the sheltersused to be disinfected every morning, but that they are not sotreated now. Considering the use or misuse that some visitorsmake of these shelters it would be interesting to learn ifdisinfection has been found to be of advantage and if it isgenerally practised, and, if not, why not? For all I know itmay have been abandoned for sound reasons. The yearbefore last I was very much struck by a small shelter neara bandstand in another well known resort being constantlyused by an extremely dirty and verminous-looking manwith evil-smelling clothes who persisted in mingling with

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the well-clad visitors, much to their disgust, and on inquirywas informed that this individual was really well off andowned a house in a good road in the town and could not beturned out or made to clothe himself properly, the explana-tion being that he had been crossed in love in his earlydays and had either never troubled about his garb after-wards or else enjoyed his eccentricity or the consternationhe caused to visitors.-I am, Sir, yours faithfully,London, July 21st, 1914. PATERFAMILIAS.

CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT.To the Editor of THE LANCET.

SIR,-Every effort is now being made to spread the use ofthe metric system and any little aid to the memory for thispurpose is not to be despised. One simple aid in convertingdegrees Centigrade into Fahrenheit will be seen by looking atthe face of a watch, where the X also equals 50 minutes, andremembering that likewise X degrees Centigrade equal 50degrees Fahrenheit. Then for every extra degree Centigradeadd 1’8 to the Fahrenheit. The number of extra degreesCentigrade to be multiplied by 1’8 and added to the Fahrenheitmay be discovered in a simple manner. For example, it isdesired to learn the equivalent in Fahrenheit of 370 C. Putdown as follows :-

10° C. equal 50° F.Difference between 10° C. and 37° C. equals 27° C., which hasto be multiplied by 1-8 and added to 50° F. 27 x 1 equals 27,which add to 50, giving 77, and 27 x ’8 equals 21-6, which add,giving a total of 98-6, the number of degrees Fahrenheit.Simply :-

100 C. equals 50° F.37°-10° " 270

270 x 8 " 21.6°

Total 98.6°

I am, Sir, yours faithfully,London, July 24th, 1914. F.

*** Our correspondent’s method is ingenious, but surely notvery simple.-ED.L.

HEALTH OF BARBADOS.

THE Barbados General Hospital, situated in Bridgetown,is maintained by a legislative grant and governed by acourt of directors of 18 members, of whom two are lifemembers, whereas the remainder, selected pursuant tostatute, must either be Government officers or membersof the legislature. With a daily average of 200 in thehospital, there were during the year 4565 admissions, 374deaths, and 27,813 out-patients. The prescriptions pre-pared numbered 46,453-all these figures being in excessof those for the previous year. Considerable extensions tothe buildings have been carried out, greatly increasing theaccommodation hitherto provided. The new premiseswere formally opened by Princess Marie Louise ofSchleswig-Holstein on April 28th, 1913, and her Highnessgraciously accepted, as a memento of the occasion, a cupbearing the following inscription :-

Egomisericordiae dolorem levantis signodelectus illustrissimae regiae domus

alumnae Mariae Luisae ipsi eiusdemmisericordiae exemplari hospitii

infirmis curandis in insula Barbadoepublico sumpto sustenti et nuper auctinova aedificia faustis auspiciis coram

populo inauguranti ante diem iv. kal. mai.anno salutis nostrae MCMXIII.

donatus sum.

At the lazaretto there were 15 admissions and 11 deaths,leaving 120 inmates at the end of the year. The averagedaily number was 118-4. The average stay of those whodied was 11-1 years, and of those remaining 9-8 years.Compulsory segregation is not in force in the colony.At the lunatic asylum the daily average number of

patients fell from 420 in 1911 to 400 in 1912. Forty-fourpatients were discharged as cured and two as relieved. AnAct entitled The Registration of Births, Baptisms,Marriages, and Burials Amendment Act " has been passedby the legislature. It provides for the recopying ofdilapidated registers, and prescribes a new form of burialcertificate which will disclose whether the person buriedis or is not illegitimate, thus affording evidence as to thecorrectness of the allegation that the percentage of deathsof illegitimate children is greater than the percentage ofdeaths of legitimate children.Owing to its freedom from malaria and its excellent

winter climate the island continues to be largely visited bytourists and persons in search of health. The number oftourists in 1912 was 2741, as compared with 2164 in 1911 and644 in 1910. In addition, 3929 first-class passengers arrivedin the colony. Hotel and house accommodation for thevisitors is increasing.

A NOVEL PAPER ENTERTAINMENT.

AT the hospital fete held at "Riverdale," Lewisham,recently in aid of the local hospitals one of the attractionswas the lifting of visitors on single sheets of paper. Thiswas superintended by Mr. Theo. May, whose firm, Messrs.Theo. May, Limited, wholesale stationers, &c., Lewisham,had given a quantity of their " Bank-Note " brown wrappingpaper, an exceedingly strong paper, for the purpose. Thelifting was easily effected by placing a sheet of "D. D.Imperial paper on the ground, getting the person to belifted to sit upon it and then passing the ends over acouple of thick cornice poles. In some cases two personswere lifted at the same time on one sheet, in one case noless than 361 lb. being lifted at once.

PLAGUE AND CHOLERA IN THE PHILIPPINES.

Mr. W. M. Royds, British Vice-Consul at Manila, states in hisannual report that the slight outbreak of plague whichbegan there in June, 1912, after complete absence forupwards of five years, continued in a spasmodic way untilMay, 1913. It then appeared to have completely died out,but in September a fatal case again occurred, this timecontracted by an American in the business district. Againactive sanitary measures and rat catching were energeti-cally pursued, and although one or two native casesoccurred subsequently before the end of the year nothinglike a severe outbreak ever threatened. New house-build-ing regulations, providing rat-proofing for all new houses,are shortly to be put into force, and it is expected thatplague will soon disappear again entirely. A few cases ofcholera, no case of which had been recorded since 1911,occurred in August, 1913. Thereafter a few cases werenotified weekly up to the end of the year, the totalrecorded at that time from the beginning of the outbreakbeing about 100.

C. T.-The following books will be found useful :-" Lang’sGerman-English Dictionary of Terms Used in Medicineand the Allied Sciences." Second edition. Editedand revised by Milton K. Meyers, M.D. London:J. and A. Churchill. 1913. Price 18s. net. " MedicalVade-Mecum in German and English." By B. Lewis.London: J. and A. Churchill. 1910. Price 15s. net."Dictionary of Medical Terms; English, French, andGerman." London: J. and A. Churchill. 1907. Price8s. net. " Pocket Medical Dictionary in Eight Languages(English, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian,Spanish, Hungarian)." Edited by Dr. J. Meyer, Berlin,in collaboration with Dr. D. O’C. Finigan. 1909.London : W. Lockwood and Co., 56, Charing Cross-road;and Urban and Schwarzenberg, Berlin and Vienna. 20s." ’ First-Aid ’ Vocabulary in English, French, and German."By S. Osborn, F.R.C.S., and Albert M. Oppenheimer.1908. Polyglot Printing Company, Limited, 13, Garlick-hill, Queen Victoria-street, London, E.C. (Booklet issuedon the occasion of the First International "First-Aid"Congress.) "TerminologiaMedicaPolyglotta." Compiledby the late Theodore Maxwell, M.D. Camb. 1890. 16s.London: J. and A. Churchill. "Dictionary of MedicalTerms." Part 1., English-French, 5s. net; Part II.,French-English, 4s. net; or two volumes in one, cloth,7s. 6d. net. By H. De Meric. London : Bailliere, Tindall,and Cox.

L.R.C.P.-We should advise anyone preparing for theM.R.C.P. Lond. to take a good general text-book of medi-cine, such as Osler’s " Principles and Practice," Taylor’s"Practice of Medicine," or any other text-book of similarrange, and to work steadily through it, at the same timereferring to monographs on special subjects: for example,Powell and Hartley’s " Diseases of the Lungs," Rolleston’s"Diseases of the Liver, Gall-bladder, and Bile-ducts," andso on. As an alternative, he might refer to the articles onspecial subjects in which he found the text-book insuffi-cient (for example, on nervous diseases) in some large workof reference such as "Allbutt and Rolleston " or ’’Osler andMcCrae." He should also read a small text-book on publichealth, keep an eye on current medical literature, and readsome simple medical Latin, such as Celsus or Sydenham.He is also expected to translate a small passage from eitherGreek, German, or French, as well as Latin.

I COMMUNICATIONS not noticed in our present issue willI receive attention in our next.

The following magazines, journals, &c., have been received:-Edinburgh Medical Journal, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital MedicalJournal, Medical Review, Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute,Ophthalmoscope, Birmingham Medical Review, TemperanceChronicle, St. Thomas’s Hospital Gazette, Guy’s Hospital Gazette,Hospital Assistant, Review of Neurology and Psychiatry, TropicalDiseases Bulletin, Archives Générales de Medecine, Practitioner,Annali dell’ Istituto Maragliano, Philippine Journal of Science,Public Health.