NP 48

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

The table below is to record Section IV Notices to Mariners amendments affecting this volume.Subparagraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user when making amendments to this volume.

Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV)

2006 2007 2008 2009

IMPORTANT SEE RELATED ADMIRALTY PUBLICATIONSThis is one of a series of publications produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office which should be consulted by users ofAdmiralty Charts. The full list of such publications is as follows:

Notices to Mariners (Annual, permanent, temporary and preliminary), Chart 5011 (Symbols and abbreviations), The MarinersHandbook (especially Chapters 1 and 2 for important information on the use of UKHO products, their accuracy and limitations),Sailing Directions (Pilots), List of Lights and Fog Signals, List of Radio Signals, Tide Tables and their digital equivalents.

All charts and publications should be kept up to date with the latest amendments.

NP 48

MEDITERRANEAN PILOTVOLUME IV

Aegean Sea and approacheswith adjacent coasts of

Greece and Turkey

THIRTEENTH EDITION2006

PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE

ii

Crown Copyright 2006

To be obtained from Agentsfor the sale of Admiralty Charts and Publications

Copyright for some of the material inthis publication is owned by the authority

named under the item and permission for itsreproduction must be obtained from the owner.

First published1882Second Edition1892Third Edition1900Fourth Edition1908Fifth Edition1918Sixth Edition1929Seventh Edition1941Eighth Edition1955Ninth Edition1968Tenth Edition1987Eleventh Edition2000Twelfth Edition2003

iii

PREFACE

The Thirteenth Edition of Mediterranean Pilot Volume IV has been prepared by T.C.Harrison Master Mariner. The United KingdomHydrographic Office has used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that this Pilot contains all the information obtained by and assessed by it atthe date shown below. Information received or assessed after that date will be included in Admiralty Notices to Mariners where appropriate.If in doubt, see The Mariners Handbook for details of what Admiralty Notices to Mariners are and how to use them.

The edition supersedes the Twelfth Edition (2003), which is cancelled.Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided by the Met Office, Exeter.

The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:

GreeceChartsSailing Directions for Greek Coasts, Hellenic Navy Hydrographic ServiceVolume A (1996) with Supplement 4/2004Volume B (2004) with Supplement 1/2004Volume C (1991) with Supplement 6/2004Volume D (1987) with Supplement 6/2003

TurkeyChartsTurkish Harbour Regulations

Other publicationsLloyds List Ports of the World 2006Fairplay Ports and Terminals Guide 20052006Port Handbooks produced by Port AuthoritiesGreek Waters Pilot (Ninth Edition 2004), Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Ltd)Turkish Waters and Cyprus Pilot (Sixth Edition 2001), Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Ltd)The Statesmans Yearbook 2006Whitakers Almanac 2006

Mr M S RobinsonChief Executive of the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office

The United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeAdmiralty WayTauntonSomerset TA1 2DNEngland13 July 2006

CONTENTSPage

Preface iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents iv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Explanatory notes iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations viii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary x. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index chartlets facing 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 1

Navigation and regulationsLimits of the book (1.1) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navigational dangers and hazards (1.2) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traffic and operations (1.4) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charts (1.8) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aids to navigation (1.15) 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pilotage (1.17) 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radio facilities (1.18) 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulations (1.30) 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signals (1.48) 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distress and rescue (1.50) 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Countries and portsGreece (1.54) 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turkey (1.66) 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal ports, harbours and anchorages (1.75) 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port services summary (1.76) 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Natural conditionsMaritime topography (1.83) 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Currents, tidal streams and flow (1.87) 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea level and tides (1.97) 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea and swell (1.99) 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea water characteristics (1.101) 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate and weather (1.104) 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate information (1.132) 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.146) 49. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 2

Aegean Sea principal routes 51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 3

South Aegean western approaches 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 4

South Aegean southern part 73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 5

South Aegean western part 111. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 6

Saroniks Klpos 137. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 7

South Aegean Archipelago 175. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 8

South Aegean eastern part 231. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 9

Evvoks Klpos 295. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 10

North Aegean western part 325. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 11

North Aegean central part 367. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 12

North Aegean eastern part 399. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 13

North Aegean northern part 441. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INDEX

Index 463. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

vi

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 150 gt or more. They amplify charted detail and contain informationneeded for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intended to be read inconjunction with the charts quoted in the text.

This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years, withoutthe use of supplements. In addition important amendments which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of the weeklyeditions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of such amendments and notices in force is published quarterly. Those still in force at the endof the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

CDROM

Status. A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements ofChapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and should onlybe used in conjunction with the paper publication and any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any discrepancy existsbetween data on the CD and in the paper publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive of amendments) is to be reliedupon.

Disclaimer. Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of production, ithas not verified the data for navigational purposes and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for navigation. The use of the CD forthis purpose is at the users own risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or personal injury caused by the negligenceof the UKHO) whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not arising out of any negligence on the part of theUKHO in respect of any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in the means of distribution.

Conditions of release. The material supplied on the CDROM is protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwisewithout the prior written permission of the UKHO. The copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold or distributed orcommercially exploited in either an original or derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For the avoidance of doubt,the supplied material, its derivatives and its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a computer accessible to Third Partieswhether via the Internet or otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies that the UKHO will supply further material.

References to hydrographic and other publications

The Mariners Handbook gives general information affecting navigation and is complementary to this volume.

Ocean Passages for the World and Routeing Charts contain ocean routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastalpassages.

Admiralty List of Lights should be consulted for details of lights, lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this volume.Admiralty List of Radio Signals should be consulted for information relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of pilotage

services, radar beacons and radio direction finding stations, meteorological services, radio aids to navigation, Global Maritime Distress andSafety System (GMDSS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly referred to in this volume.

Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners contains in addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments andnotices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages and navigationalwarnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise areas.

The International Code of Signals should be consulted for details of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker signals aswell as international flag signals.

Remarks on subject matterBuoys are generally described in detail only when they have special navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too small

to show all the details clearly.

Chart index diagrams in this volume show only those Admiralty charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area. Marinersshould consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications for details of larger scale charts.

Chart references in the text normally refer to the largest scale Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be quoted whereits use is more appropriate.

Firing, practice and exercise areas. Submarine exercise areas are mentioned in Sailing Directions. Other firing, practice and exerciseareas maybe mentioned with limited details. Signals and buoys used in connection with these areas maybe mentioned if significant fornavigation. Attention is invited to the Annual Notice to Mariners on this subject.

EXPLANATORY NOTES

vii

Names have been taken from the most authoritative source. When an obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in bracketsfollowing the proper name at the principal description of the feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned.

Tidal information relating the daily vertical movements of the water is not given; for this Admiralty Tide Tables should be consulted.Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are mentioned.

Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the eventbeing described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving time whichmay be kept.

Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks are relatively permanent features having significance fornavigation or anchoring.

Units and terminology used in this volume

Latitude and Longitude given in brackets are approximate and are taken from the chart quoted.

Bearings and directions are referred to the true compass and when given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000 (North) to 359Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object.Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen from the vessel.Courses always refer to the course to be made good over the ground.

Winds are described by the direction from which they blow.

Tidal streams and currents are described by the direction towards which they flow.

Distances are expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile.

Depths are given below chart datum, except where otherwise stated.

Heights of objects refer to the height of the object above the ground and are invariably expressed as ... m in height.

Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted inAdmiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, an elevation of ... m. However the elevation of natural features such as hills may alternatively beexpressed as ... m high since in this case there can be no confusion between elevation and height.

Metric units are used for all measurements of depths, heights and short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to, theselatter units are given in brackets after the metric values for depths and heights shown on the chart.

Time is expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of local timekept will be found in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.

Bands is the word used to indicate horizontal marking.

Stripes is the word used to indicate markings which are vertical, unless stated to be diagonal.

Conspicuous objects are natural and artificial marks which are outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner over alarge area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in bold capitals and may bemarked conspic.

Prominent objects are those which are easily identifiable, but do not justify being classified as conspicuous.

viii

ABBREVIATIONSThe following abbreviations are used in the text:

AIS Automatic Identification SystemALC Articulated loading columnALP Articulated loading platformAMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue

System

C degrees CelsiusCALM Catenary anchor leg mooringCBM Conventional buoy mooringCDC Certain Dangerous CargoCVTS Cooperative Vessel Traffic System

DF direction findingDG degaussingDGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemDW Deep WaterDSC Digital Selective Callingdwt deadweight tonnageDZ danger zone

E east (easterly, eastward, eastern, easternmost)EEZ exclusive economic zoneELSBM Exposed location single buoy mooringENE east-north-eastEPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio BeaconESE east-south-eastETA estimated time of arrivalETD estimated time of departureEU European Union

feu forty foot equivalent unitfm fathom(s)FPSO Floating production storage and offloading

vesselFPU Floating production unitFSO Floating storage and offloading vesselft foot (feet)

g/cm3 gram per cubic centimetreGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety SystemGPS Global Positioning SystemGRP glass reinforced plasticgrt gross register tonnagegt gross tonnage

HAT Highest Astronomical TideHF high frequencyHMS Her (His) Majestys Shiphp horse powerhPa hectopascalHSC High Speed CraftHW High Water

IALA International Association of LighthouseAuthorities

IHO International Hydrographic OrganizationIMO International Maritime OrganizationITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone

JRCC Joint Rescue Coordination Centre

kHz kilohertzkm kilometre(s)kn knot(s)kW kilowatt(s)

Lanby Large automatic navigation buoyLASH Lighter Aboard ShipLAT Lowest Astronomical TideLF low frequencyLHG Liquefied Hazardous GasLMT Local Mean TimeLNG Liquefied Natural GasLOA Length overallLPG Liquefied Petroleum GasLW Low Water

m metre(s)mb millibar(s)MCTS Marine Communications and Traffic Services

CentresMF medium frequencyMHz megahertzMHHW Mean Higher High WaterMHLW Mean Higher Low WaterMHW Mean High WaterMHWN Mean High Water NeapsMHWS Mean High Water SpringsMLHW Mean Lower High WaterMLLW Mean Lower Low WaterMLW Mean Low WaterMLWN Mean Low Water NeapsMLWS Mean Low Water Springsmm millimetre(s)MMSI Maritime Mobile Service IdentityMRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination CentreMRSC Maritime Rescue Sub-CentreMSI Marine Safety InformationMSL Mean Sea LevelMV Motor VesselMW megawatt(s)MY Motor Yacht

N north (northerly, northward, northern,northernmost)

NATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNavtex Navigational Telex SystemNE north-eastNNE north-north-eastNNW north-north-westNo numbernrt nett register tonnageNW north-west

ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System

PEL Port Entry LightPLEM Pipe line end manifoldPOL Petrol, Oil & LubricantsPSSA Particularly Sensitive Sea AreasPWC Personal watercraft

ABBREVIATIONS

ix

RCC Rescue Coordination CentreRMS Royal Mail ShipRN Royal NavyRo-Ro Rollon, Roll-offRT radio telephony

S south (southerly, southward, southern,southernmost)

SALM Single anchor leg mooring systemSALS Single anchored leg storage systemSAR Search and RescueSatnav Satellite navigationSBM Single buoy mooringSE south-eastSPM Single point mooringsq squareSS SteamshipSSE south-south-eastSSW south-south-westSW south-westSWATH small waterplane area twin hull ship

teu twenty foot equivalent unitTSS Traffic Separation Scheme

UHF ultra high frequencyUKC under keel clearanceUKHO United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeULCC Ultra Large Crude CarrierUN United NationsUT Universal TimeUTC Co-ordinated Universal Time

VDR Voyage Data RecorderVHF very high frequencyVLCC Very Large Crude CarrierVMRS Vessel Movement Reporting SystemVTC Vessel Traffic CentreVTMS Vessel Traffic Management SystemVTS Vessel Traffic Services

W west (westerly, westward, western,westernmost)

WGS World Geodetic SystemWMO World Meteorological OrganizationWNW west-north-westWSW west-south-westWT radio (wireless) telegraphy

xGLOSSARY

G = Greek T = Turkish

Foreign word Language English meaning Foreign word Language English meaning

ada T island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adack T islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aa T tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aga, as, ou G saint, holy. . . . . . . . . . . . . gios, oi G saint, s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . az T mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ak T white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aknt T current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kra G cape, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . akrotrion G promontory, cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . akt G coastline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alik G saltpan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mmos G sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anafor T counter current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anatol G east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anatoliks, , n G eastern. . . . . . . . . and G opposite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . angli G bight, open bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . angirovlion G anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . no G upper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . apilitis G east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . apovthra G landing place, wharf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spros, i, on G white. . . . . . . . . . . . . avath G shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . avkhn G neck, pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aya, as, ou G saint, holy. . . . . . . . . . . . . yios, oi G saints, s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aziz T saint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

balk T clay, mud, silt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bank T bank, shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . batak T swamp, marsh, quicksand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bat T west, west wind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bayrak direi T flagstaff. . . . . . . . . . . . . bel T pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . beyaz T white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bikn T beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boaz T strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . burnu, burun T cape, headland, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . bk T bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . byk T great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . buz T ice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

akl T gravel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . amur T mud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cankurtaran T lifeboatman, lifesaving,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rescueay T river, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . k yeri T outfall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

da T mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dalgakran T detached breakwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . demir yeri T anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . deniz T sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dere T stream, valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d(h)ndron G tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d(h)avlos G channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d(h)ikplous G passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . d(h)ilevsis G passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d(h)nai G eddy, whirlpool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d(h)irix G canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d(h)itiks, , n G western. . . . . . . . . d(h)ivri G fishery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dil T isthmus, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . direk T mast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dou T east, sunrise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dok T dock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dknt T reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doruk T peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . duba T pontoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ekklisa G church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ekvol G mouth of river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . los G marsh, swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . epnion G small port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ergostsion G factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . erthros G red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eski T old, ancient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . so G inner, inside. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vripos G tidal channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vros G southeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exd(h)ra G jetty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xo G outer, outside. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . exoklsion G chapel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

fabrika T factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fans G light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fros G lighthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fener T lighthouse, lantern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . frar G well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . frorio G fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

garb, p T west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . geit T channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gemi yata T ships berth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . girinti T creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glssa G tongue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gl T lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gremns G cliff, precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gmrk T customs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gn dorusu T east, east wind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . gney T south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gneybat T southwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gneydou T southeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

harabe T ruin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hastane T hospital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hisar T fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i T inner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . id(h)ron G pipeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . falos, oi G see falos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . formos G roadstead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ikhthiotrofon G fishery. . . . . . . . . . . . . ipsils, , n G high. . . . . . . . . . . . psome G height (elevated ground). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rmak T river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iskele T landing place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . splous G entrance (for ships). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . isthms G isthmus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kai G and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kale T fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kanal T canal, channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kap T gate, pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kapnod(h)khos G chimney. . . . . . . . . . .

GLOSSARY

xi

Foreign word Language English meaning Foreign word Language English meaning

kapnod(h)khos G chimney. . . . . . . . . . . kara T black, land, mainland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . karvi G ship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kstron G castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . katafans, s G conspicuous. . . . . . . . . . . . . katarrktis G waterfall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kto G lower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kvos G cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kaya T rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kayalk T reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kefl, i G head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . khamilteros G lower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . khrtis G chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . khersnisos G peninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . khmarros G torrent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . khori, on G village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . kilise T church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kimatothrvstis G breakwater. . . . . . . . . . . . krmz T red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . klmax G scale (of chart). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . klisora G pass, defile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . koils G natural hollow, valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . klpos G gulf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . klposis G wide bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . korif, korf G peak, summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . koy T small bay, creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kpr T bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . krfez T gulf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ky T village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . krimnos G cliff, precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kk T small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kule T tower, spire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kumluky T sandy shore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kumsal T sandy beach, sandbank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kuzey T north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kuzeybat T northwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kuzeydou T northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

langd(h)a, i G pass, deep valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . levks, , n G white. . . . . . . . . . . . liman T bay, harbour, port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liman bakan T harbour master. . . . . . . . . . . . . liman bakanl T harbour masters office. . . . . . . . . . . liman reisi T harbour master. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limnas G harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limenskos G small harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limenovrakhon G breakwater, jetty. . . . . . . . . . . limn G see limnas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lmni G lake, loch, lough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limnothlassa G lagoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . lofskos G hillock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lfos G hill, long low ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

makrs, G long, tall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . manastr T monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mansap T estuary, mouth of river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marna G marina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mvros, , on G black. . . . . . . . . . . meglos, , o G big. . . . . . . . . . . mgas, ali, a G big. . . . . . . . . . . . mendirek T mole, breakweater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mercan T coral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . msis G northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . msos G middle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mikrs, , n G small. . . . . . . . . . . minare T minaret. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mitrpolis G cathedral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mlos G breakwater, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

monastrion G small monastery church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . mon G monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

nos G church, temple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nvstathmos G naval base. . . . . . . . . . . . . . nekrotafeon G cemetery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . nehir, nehri T river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nisd(h)a, d(h)es G islet, s. . . . . . . . . niss G see; nisd(h)a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nsos, oi G island, s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nosokomon G hospital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ntos G south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

od(h)s G road, street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oika G house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oris, , u G mountainous. . . . . . . . . . . . . ormskos G cove, small bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rmos G bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oropd(h)ion G plateau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ros, i G mountain, s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

palaos, , n G old. . . . . . . . . . . pno G upper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . parala, on G coast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ped(h)is, on G plain. . . . . . . . . . . . plagos G sea, high sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . perma G ferry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ptra G rock, stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prgos G tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pirss G beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pirsors G floating beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plis G city, town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pros G sound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . porthms G strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prto G small harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . potams G river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ponda G cape, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prsinos, i, on G green. . . . . . . . . . proftis G prophet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prokimia G mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prolimn G outer harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . provltas G pier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rkhi, as G ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rma G current, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rax G brook, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

amandra T buoy, float. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sar T yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sarp T cliff, steep, rough, rocky,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

stonyato T castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sehir T city, town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . slk T bank, shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . simandr G buoy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sinoikisms G settlement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . srtis G quicksand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . siyah T black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . srt T ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skla G quay, stairway, small port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skron G northwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skpelos, oi G rock, s (which cover. . . . . . . . . . . . .

and uncover)splaion, spili G cave. . . . . . . . . . . . spti G house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stathms G station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stavrs G cross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GLOSSARY

xii

Foreign word Language English meaning Foreign word Language English meaning

sten, n G strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stlos G pillar, post. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . su T stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

takmada T group of islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ta T stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tlma G swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telonon G custom house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tenags G pond, fern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tepe T hill, peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thlassa G sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . topuk T bar, sandspit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tomba G mound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trans. , n G large. . . . . . . . . . . . trkhalos G cairn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tuz T salt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vltos G marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vasiliks, , n G royal. . . . . . . . . . vaths, a, G deep. . . . . . . . . . . . . vthos G depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vivri G fishery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vorrs G north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . voun, G hill, s, mountain, s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vrachnisis,ides G rocky islet, s. . . . . . . . . . vrchos, oi G rock, s (above water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . vrakhonisdha,dhes G rocky islet, s. . . . . . . vrakhoniss G see vrakhonisdha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vrkhos, oi G rock, s (above water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . vrakon G branch (of river). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vrsi, s G spring, running water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xra G reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

yar T cliff, precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yarmada T peninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yeni T new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yeil T green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . falos, oi G underwater reef, s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

zfiros G west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zirve T summit, peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ROMANIZATION SYSTEM FOR GREEK ELOT 743 System BGN/PCGN 1996 System

This romanization system supersedes the one which was approved by the BGN and the PCGN in 1962. It corresponds to thesystem devised by the Greek Organization for Standardization and approved for international use at the Fifth United NationsConference on the Standardization of Geographical Names in 1987.

Greek Romanization Examples

GLOSSARY

xiii

Greek Romanization Examples

GLOSSARY

xiv

Greek Romanization Examples

GLOSSARY

xv

GLOSSARY

xvi

GLOSSARY

xvii

Notes on Turkish geographical names

Ottoman Turkish was originally written in Arabic script, but was converted to Roman letters in 1928.There are eight vowels, four back (a, , o, u) and four front (e, i, , ). If the vowel of the first syllable of a word is a

back vowel, succeeding vowels will normally also be back vowels; similarly front vowels follow front vowels. Exceptions tothis rule are mainly in words of foreign origin and then, in general, suffixes follow the vowel in the last syllable. This isknown as the rule of vowel harmony.

Suffixes are used when words are declined to indicate their case, and to give additional meanings. These normally followthe rule of vowel harmony. Those most commonly used in this book are:

Possessive , i, u, Samsun Krfezi = Samsun Bay, from krfez = bayPossessive s, si, su, s(after a final vowel) Marmara Adas = Island of Marmara, from ada = islandPlural lar, ler Adalar = IslandsAdjective lk, lik Kayalk = Rocky from kaya = rock

For place names which are composed of two nouns, the possessive case is used for the second noun. However, when theyare made up of an adjective and a noun, the nominative case is used, eg:

Ada = Island Deniz = SeaByk Ada = Large Island Karadeniz = Black SeaZeytin Adas = Zeytin Island Ege Denizi = Aegean Seaskele = Jetty Liman = Harbour skele = Inner Jetty D Liman = Outer HarbourGmrk skelesi = Customs Jetty Bandrma Liman = Bandirma Harbour

PronunciationGenerally stress is laid equally on all syllables of a word. Letters are pronounced as in English with the following

exceptions:

c As j in jealous. As ch in chop. Between two front vowels as y in yet. Between two back vowels not sounded, but preceding vowel is lengthened. As something between i in big and u in bug.j As su in pleasure. As u in urn or ea in earth. As in sh in shop. As e in yew.er As air in fair.ey As ai in pain.ay As i in mine.

NOTES

xviii

Rdos

s

TU

R

KE

Y

Ks

RhodesChannel

8

8

8

2

8

rpathos

NP 49MEDITERRANEAN PILOT

VOL V

236

35

36

37

38

27

27

28

28

NP 48(a)

Chapter Index DiagramK R T I

Nxos

Smo

Kthira

Irkleio

Soda

Peirais

Astiplaia

Amorgs

Pros

Thra Anfi

Mlos os

Srifos

Mkonos

ndros

KaIkara

3

4

5 5

6 66

5

55

4

47

8

11 11 112

7

7

7

7

4

4

4

4

3

3

K

NP 49MEDITERRANEAN PILOT

VOL V

GR

EE

CE

kraTanaro 1091

1099

1093

1092

1095

1087

1085

35

36

37

38

Longitude 25 East from Greenwich24

24

26

2625

23

23

Mediterranean Pilot Vol IV

xix

0506

Izmir.

Chapter Index Diagram

224

1095

NP 24BLACK SEA AND

SEA OF AZOV PILOT

T U R K E Y

38

39

40

41

27

27

28

28

NP 48(b)Alexandropoli

Kavla

Thessalonki

Vlos

vvo i a

Khos

Lsvos

Limnos

Bozcaada

Samothrki

Thsos

Skros

1086

1085

1087

1093NP 47

MEDITERRANEAN PILOTVOL III

9

10

10

10

10

13

11

12

12

1313

9

Gkeada

KhersnisosKhalkidhik

Skathos

Skpelos

Kir Panayi

Peirais

GR

EE

CE

38

39

40

41

25

Longitude 25 East from Greenwich

26

26

24

24

23

23

Mediterranean Pilot Vol IV

xx

0506

1LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPERTAINING TO NAVIGATION

While, in the interests of the safety of shipping, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in itspublications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood:

(a) that no liability whatever will be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and(b) that publication of details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition

of the international validity of the law or regulation.

MEDITERRANEAN PILOT

VOLUME IVCHAPTER 1

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONSCOUNTRIES AND PORTSNATURAL CONDITIONS

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS

LIMITS OF THE BOOK

Chart 1801.1

1 This volume contains Sailing Directions for the AegeanSea and its approaches, including Lakoniks Klpos, withinthe limits defined below:

Lat N Long EFrom kra Tanaro 3623 2229SW to position 3610 2215Thence S to position 3530 2215Thence ESE to position 3505 2320Thence NE to kra Kris 3514 2335Thence E along the spine of Krti tokra Trkhilas, the SE point of Krti

3502 2614

Thence ENE to kra Khlathros, the Spoint of Nsos Ksos, including StenKsou

3520 2653

Thence NE along the spine of NsosKsos to kra Akts, the NE point ofNsos Ksos

3526 2701

Thence ESE to kra Kastllos, the Spoint of Nsos Krpathos, including thepassage between Nsos Ksos andNsos Krpathos

3524 2708

Thence NE through Nsos Krpathos tokra Vlakas

3528 2714

Lat N Long EThence NE to kra Prsson, the SWpoint of Nsos Rdos, including StenKarpthou

3552 2747

Thence NE along the spine of NsosRdos to kra Vodhi, the E point ofNsos Rdos

3623 2817

Thence ESE to position 3620 2823Thence N to position 3643 2823Thence WNW to Kadrga Burnu,including Rhodes Channel andapproaches

3644 2818

Thence NNW within the coast ofTurkey to Kumkale Burnu

4001 2612

Thence NNW to Mehmetik Burnu,excluding the SW entrance toanakkale Boaz (The Dardanelles)

4003 2610

Thence NE along the spine of GeliboluYarmadas and WNW within the coastof Turkey to the mouth of Meri Nehri,the boundary between Turkey andGreece

4044 2603

Thence W and S within the coast ofGreece to the SE end of DhirixKornthou

3755 2300

Thence SW and S through Pelopnnisosto kra Tanaro

3623 2229

CHAPTER 1

2

NAVIGATION DANGERS AND HAZARDS

General considerations

Chart 1801.2

1 Although weather conditions in the Aegean Sea aregenerally good, mariners should not neglect the usualprecautions against bad weather which can develop withlittle or no warning (see caution at 1.105). Apart from theuncertainty of the currents, poor visibility and the cloudassociated with bad weather may obscure landmarks andcause difficulties in the identification of neighbouringchannels or bays, especially at night.

2 During N winds it is always safe to anchor under the leeof an island for, though such winds blow with muchviolence at times, they never shift S suddenly.

During S winds it is unsafe for low powered vessels toanchor off a N coast as such winds shift suddenly N or NEin a squall. If it is necessary to anchor off a N coast, theberth chosen should be such as to permit departure withoutdifficulty at any time. As S winds increase in forcegradually there is usually sufficient time to seek therequisite shelter.

Conditions affecting small vessels1.3

1 The Etesians (1.114), which blow from midJuly tomidSeptember, sometimes create dangerous conditions forsmall vessels. The worst conditions can usually be avoidedby making passage during the latter part of the day and atnight when the winds tend to abate. Although some sheltermay be found in the lee of the islands, the leeward coastsshould not be approached closely on account of the strongsqualls (1.119) likely to be experienced.

TRAFFIC AND OPERATIONS

Traffic

Chart 180Density1.4

1 The greatest concentrations of shipping are liable to beencountered in the following straits and areas:

Sten Elafonsou (3625N 2257E).Saroniks Klpos (3740N 2340E).Sten Kas (3740N 2415E).

2 Sten Kafira (3800N 2439E).Bozcaada (3950N 2545E) to anakkale Boaz

(The Dardanelles) (4001N 2610E).

Exercise areas

Greek1.5

1 Navy, army and air force exercise and firing areas areestablished in Greek waters. Notice of exercises and firingpractices, giving the limits of the area and duration of theexercise, is promulgated by radio navigational warning (fordetails see 1.20).

For signals used by warships, submarines and aircraft,see 1.48.

Submarine exercises1.6

1 Submarines exercise frequently in designated submarineexercise areas indicated on the charts and mentioned in thebody of this book. Notice of submarine exercises is givenonly in exceptional circumstances, and all vessels shouldkeep a good lookout for submarines when passing throughthe areas.

For reference to signals used by warships, submarinesand aircraft, see 1.48.

Marine farms1.7

1 Marine farming equipment may be encountered in manyof the bays and inlets in the area covered by this volume.The approximate position of known farms is shown on thecharts; however, development has been rapid and marinefarms can be quickly established or moved without anywarning. Marine farms, which may be fixed or floatingstructures, are usually fixed to the seabed by a spread ofanchors which can be extensive. The position of anchors,where used, may be marked by buoys.

2 Caution. Mariners are cautioned to avoid areas ofmarine farms, and to note that their presence has renderedmany hitherto accepted anchorages either unsuitable orlimited in swinging space.

CHARTS

Admiralty charts1.8

1 British Admiralty metric charts give full coverage of theAegean Sea, including Greek and Turkish coastal watersand plans of the most important ports and anchorages.When assessing the degree of reliability of a chart,mariners should take account of the age of its sourcematerial and its date of publication.

2 In certain areas where the British Admiralty charts showinsufficient detail for navigation close inshore these SailingDirections have been written using foreign charts. Theseare not quoted as reference charts in the text, which hasbeen written on the assumption that mariners wishing tonavigate in those areas will have provided themselves withsuitable charts on which to do so.

Electronic Navigational Charts from Greece andTurkey have been used in preparing this book.

Foreign charts1.9

1 Charts of Greek and Turkish coastal waters and ports arepublished by the Greek and Turkish Hydrographic Servicesrespectively. In some cases these charts are of a largerscale and a more recent date than the equivalent BritishAdmiralty charts, though they are not necessarily compiledfrom more recent information. The Greek and Turkishcharts may be obtained from the publishing authoritiesgiven below and in the Catalogue of Admiralty Charts;they are not issued by the United Kingdom HydrographicOffice nor are they corrected by Admiralty Notices toMariners.

2 Publishing authorities:Greek charts:

Hellenic Navy Hydrographic ServiceTGN 1040ATHNAI.

CHAPTER 1

3

Turkish charts:3 Seyir Hidrograf ve Osinograf Dairesi Bakanlii

34805 ubuklu Bekoz,STANBUL.

OrthographyAlternative names1.10

1 In the case of features which have alternative Greek andTurkish names, both names are given on the charts and inthis volume. The names are given in alphabetical order,separated by an oblique stroke; thus the strait, formerlyknown as Mitilini Strait, between the NE side of NsosLsvos and the mainland of Turkey appears as DikiliBoaz/Sten Mytilnis.

Greek orthography1.11

1 The names on Greek charts published prior to 1985were given in Katharvousa, but on Greek charts datedafter 1985 names may be found in either Katharvousa orDemotik (see Languages at 1.62). Where names inDemotik are available they have been transliterated intoRoman letters and used in this volume, and, as opportunityoffers, they will be included on Admiralty charts.

2 A further complication is introduced by the fact that inaccordance with international agreement a revised systemof transliteration (ELOT 743) has been adopted for usewith Greek geographical names, and British Admiraltycharts and publications are incorporating the resultingchanges as the opportunity provides.

3 As a result of these ongoing changes, there may bediscrepancies between some names on the charts and thosein this volume. For example, the Greek word for isletmay appear as Niss, Nisdha or Nisda.

DatumsVertical1.12

1 Depths on British Admiralty charts are reduced to LAT,MLWS or MSL. The datum used is usually indicated onthe chart.

Horizontal1.13

1 Most British Admiralty charts in the area covered bythis volume are based on European Datum (1950).Positions derived from satellite navigation systems arenormally based on World Geodetic System 1984 datum,and the difference between this and the horizontal datum ofthe published chart is given in a note on the chart.

Elevations1.14

1 On British Admiralty charts elevations are usually givenabove MHWS, though on some charts MSL is used as thedatum. On Greek and Turkish charts elevations are aboveMSL. Owing to the small tidal range in the Aegean thediscrepancy is negligible.

AIDS TO NAVIGATION

Lights1.15

1 Lights are the responsibility of the appropriate nationalauthorities.

Diagram 1.15 shows types of Greek lightstructuresreferred to in the body of the book.

For further details of lights, see Admiralty List of LightsVolume E.

Buoys1.16

1 The IALA Maritime Buoyage System Region A (red toport) is in operation in Greek and Turkish waters in theAegean Sea.

For details see IALA Maritime Buoyage System(NP 735), published by the United Kingdom HydrographicOffice, and The Mariners Handbook.

PILOTAGE1.17

1 Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels entering themajority of the larger ports in the area. For details seeunder the port concerned.

RADIO FACILITIESSatellite navigation systems

Chart 1801.18

1 For details of available satellite navigation systems seeAdmiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.

For differences in geographical positions where chartsand satellite navigation systems are based on differenthorizontal datums, see 1.13.

Radio aids to navigation1.19

1 Racons transmit from several locations in the N and EAegean. For details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 2. Those aids which are pertinent to coastal andinshore navigation are included in the text.

Radio navigational warningsGeneral information1.20

1 The Aegean Sea lies within NAVAREA III.For details of the Worldwide Navigational Warning

Service see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (1)and Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

For details of coast radio stations listed in the followingparagraphs, see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 1 (1).Greece1.21

1 The Greek Hydrographic Office issues information of anurgent nature under the title Hellenic Navwarns. They arebroadcast in Greek and English by Greek coast radiostations at scheduled times. Broadcasts also include a list ofall Navwarns in force together with a summary of theircontent. On sailing from a Greek port, the Master canobtain, through the Pilot, the latest list of Navwarns inforce for the area of his forthcoming voyage.

2 Routine broadcasts in English are made at scheduledtimes from the following coast radio stations within thelimits of this book:

Irkleio (Krti) (3520N 2507E).Rdos (3627N 2815E).Lmnos (3952N 2504E).

1.22 1 VHF broadcasts. Olympia Radio broadcasts

navigational warnings in English, on request, from remotely

Greek light structures (1.15)

CHAPTER 1

5

controlled VHF stations. For those operating within thelimits of this volume refer to Admiralty List of RadioSignals Volume 3 (1).Turkey1.23

1 Routine broadcasts in English, including Navtexinformation, are made at scheduled times from thefollowing coast radio station within the limits of this book:

zmir (3822N 2636E).

Radio weather reportsGeneral information1.24

1 For full details of radio weather services, and for detailsof coast radio stations referred to in the followingparagraphs, see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 3 (1).Greece1.25

1 Routine broadcasts of weather forecasts for Greekwaters are made in English at scheduled times, and galewarnings on receipt, from the coast radio stations listed inAdmiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (1).1.26

1 VHF broadcasts. Olympia Radio broadcasts galewarnings and weather forecasts in English, on request, fromremotely controlled VHF stations.

Turkey1.27

1 Routine broadcasts of storm warnings and weatherforecasts for Mediterranean Forecast Areas 1227 are madein English at scheduled times from the following coastradio station:

Bandirma (4021N 2758E).1.28

1 VHF broadcast of weather forecasts for Turkish Aegeancoast is made by zmir coast radio station at scheduledtimes.

See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (1) fordetails.

Automatic Identification System

General1.29

1 AIS is designed to contribute to the safety of navigation,enhance protection of the marine environment and improvethe monitoring of passing traffic by coastal states. A phasedimplementation programme is underway (2004) on variousclasses of vessel and at certain establishments ashore. Forfurther details see The Mariners Handbook.

REGULATIONS

International regulationsChart 180Submarine cables and pipelines1.30

1 Mariners are advised not to anchor or trawl in thevicinity of pipelines. Gas from a damaged oil or gaspipeline could cause an explosion, loss of a vesselsbuoyancy or other serious hazard. Pipelines are not alwaysburied and may effectively reduce the charted depth by up

to 2 m. They may also span seabed undulations and causefishing gear to become irrecoverably snagged, putting avessel in severe danger. See Annual Notice to MarinersNo 24 and The Mariners Handbook.

2 See The Mariners Handbook for information on theInternational Convention for the Protection of SubmarineCables.

Pollution1.31

1 International regulations concerning pollution of the seaare contained in the International Convention for thePrevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 (MARPOL 1973)as modified by the 1978 Protocol to MARPOL 1973.Details of this convention, which is known as MARPOL73/78 are given in the Mariners Handbook.

Traffic separation1.32

1 See IMO publication Ships Routeing for GeneralProvisions on Ships Routeing. Regulations forIMOadopted schemes are contained in Rule 10 of theInternational Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,1972.

European Community regulationsDirective 2002/59/EC1.33

1 General information. This Directive establishes acommon vessel traffic monitoring and information systemthroughout European Community (EC) waters. Theprincipal provisions are described below. They apply ingeneral to all commercial vessels over 300 grt but the rulesconcerning the notification of carriage of dangerous andpolluting goods applies to all vessels regardless of size.

2 Caution. These extracts are for reference purposes onlyand are not to be regarded as a statement of the applicablelaw. The full text of the regulations is the sole authoritativestatement of the applicable law and it is recommended thatit is consulted. The regulations to which the followingrefers is Directive 2002/59/EC or the appropriate enablinglegislation drafted by individual member states.1.34

1 Ship reports. All vessels bound for a port within theEC must report to the port authority at least 24 hours priorarrival, or, if the voyage is less than 24 hours, no later thanthe time of departure from the previous port. The reportshall include the following information:

Name, call sign, IMO or MMSI number.Port of destination.ETA and ETD at port of destination.Total number of persons onboard.

2 Upon receipt of a ships report, the port authority willnotify the national coastguard authority by the quickestmeans possible. This information will then be pooled in theEuropeanwide telematic network called SafeSeaNet.

Any amendments to the initial ship report must benotified immediately.

3 Mandatory ship reporting systems. All vessels shallreport to the coastguard authority on entering anIMOadopted mandatory ship reporting system, the reportbeing made in the recognised format (see Admiralty List ofRadio Signals Volume 6 (3)). The coastguard authority is tobe informed of any changes to the initial report.1.35

1 VTS. All vessels are to participate in and comply withVTS systems operated by EC member states and also thosesystems operated by member states in conjunction with

CHAPTER 1

6

cooperating nonmember states. This includes thosesystems operated by member states outside their territorialwaters but which are operated in accordance with IMOguidelines.

Routeing Schemes. All vessels must comply withIMOadopted TSS and Deep Water route regulations. (SeeIMO publication Ships Routeing Guide).1.36

1 AIS and VDR. All vessels are to be equipped with AISand VDR. The systems shall be in operation at all times.

By 2008 individual coastguard stations throughout theEC are required to be able to receive AIS information andto relay it to all other coastguard stations within the EC.1.37

1 Notification of dangerous and polluting goods. Allvessels leaving an EC port are to report dangerous andpolluting goods as specified within the Directive to theharbour authority. Vessels arriving from outside EC watersmust transmit a report to their first EC port or anchorageupon departure from their port of loading. If, at the time ofdeparture, the port of destination in the EC is not known,the report must be forwarded immediately such informationbecomes known. Where practical, this report is to be madeelectronically and must include the information described inAnnex 1 (3) of the Directive.

2 When a harbour authority receives a dangerous orpolluting cargo report, it shall retain the report for use inthe event of an incident or accident at sea, forwarding itwhenever requested by the national coastguard authority.1.38

1 Reporting of Incidents and Accidents. Whenever avessel is involved with one of the following, the coastguardauthority of the EC coastal state is to be informedimmediately;

(a) any incident or accident affecting the safety of theship;

(b) any incident or accident which compromisesshipping safety, such as a failure likely to affect aships manoeuverability or seaworthiness;

(c) any event liable to pollute the waters or shores ofthe coastal state;

(d) the sighting of a slick of polluting material ordrifting containers and packages.

The owner of a vessel, who has been informed by themaster that one of the above has occured, must inform thecoastguard and render any assistance that may be required.1.39

1 Measures to be taken in the event of exceptionallybad weather or sea conditions. If, on the advice of thenational meteorological office, the coastguard authoritydeems a threat of pollution or a risk to human life existsdue to impending severe weather, the coastguard authoritywill attempt to inform the master of every vessel about toenter or leave port as to the nature of the weather and thedangers it may cause.

2 Without prejudice to measures taken to give assistanceto vessels in distress, the coastguard may take suchmeasures as it considers appropriate to avoid a threat ofpollution or a risk to human life. The measures mayinclude:

(a) a recommendation or a prohibition on entry ordeparture from a port;

(b) a recommendation limiting, or, if necessary,prohibiting the bunkering of ships in territorialwaters.

3 The master is to inform his owners of any measures orrecommendations initiated by the coastguard. If, as a result

of his professional judgement, the master decides not to actin accordance with measures taken by the coastguard, heshall inform the coastguard of his reasons for not doing so.1.40

1 Measures relating to incidents or accidents at sea.The coastguard authority will take measures to ensure thesafety of shipping and of persons and to protect the marineand coastal environment. Measures available to EC statesinclude;

(a) a restriction on the movement of a ship or aninstruction to follow a specific course.

(b) a notification to put an end to the threat to theenvironment or maritime safety;

2 (c) send an evaluation team aboard a ship to assess thedegree of risk and to help the master remedy the situation;

(d) instruct the master to put in at a place of refuge inthe event of imminent peril, or, cause the ship to be pilotedor towed.

The owner of the ship and the owner of the dangerousor polluting goods onboard must cooperate with thecoastguard authority when requested to do so.1.41

1 Places of refuge. EC states are required to designateplaces of refuge where a vessel which has undergone anaccident or is in distress can receive rapid and effectiveassistance to avoid environmental pollution.

Regulation (EC) No 417/20021.42

1 This regulation establishes a timetable for the phasingout of all singlehull petroleum tankers of more than5000 dwt in European waters. Ultimately only doublehulltankers or tankers of equivalent design will be permitted tovisit European ports and offshore terminals.

The timetable is based upon a vessels date of build, itsdesign and the type of petroleum carried. The schedule forCategory 1 and 2 tankers will complete in 2007 and forCategory 3 tankers in 2015. Categories are as defined in theregulation.

Border controls1.43

1 The Schengen Convention is an association of EuropeanUnion countries established to increase freedom ofmovement between participating states, while strengtheningborder controls with other nations. Within the area coveredby this volume, Greece is a member of the Convention.

Vessels intending to enter a port of a member countryare required to give advance notification to the appropriateCoast Guard command centre no later than 24 hours beforearrival at the port using the form Notification in Advance(6 hours notice is required for fishing vessels).

National regulationsProhibited areas1.44

1 Passage is restricted, and regulation of navigation isexercised by the appropriate naval authority, in certainareas within both Greek and Turkish territorial waters. Theareas concerned are described in the body of the book.

Diving restrictions Turkey1.45

1 In order to protect underwater cultural and naturalconditions Turkish authorities have prohibited diving incertain areas. The areas concerned are marked on therelevant Turkish charts, and are also being included on therelevant British Admiralty charts as they are revised.

CHAPTER 1

7

Greek fortified areas1.46

1 Very severe penalties may be imposed on persons foundtaking photographs or collecting hydrographic informationwithin 10 km of a Greek naval or military fortified area.Where these regulations apply in the vicinity of theprohibited areas (1.44), they may be applicable outsidethose areas or within channels passing through the areas.

Quarantine reports1.47

1 For details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 1 (1).

SIGNALSWarships, submarines and aircraft1.48

1 Greek and Turkish warships, submarines and aircraft usesimilar signals and instructions to those described in AnnualSummary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.Storm and strong wind warnings1.49

1 Except at Peirais (6.120), visual storm warning signalsare not used in Greek or Turkish ports.

DISTRESS AND RESCUE

General information1.50

1 For general information concerning Search and Rescuesee Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners and

The Mariners Handbook. Mariners are reminded that aradio watch on the international distress frequencies whichcertain classes of ships are required to keep when at sea isone of the most important factors in the arrangements forthe rescue of people at sea.

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System1.51

1 For full details of the Global Maritime Distress andSafety System (GMDSS) see Admiralty List of RadioSignals Volume 5.

Rescue services

Greece1.52

1 Peirais Joint Rescue Coordination Centre (JRCC)(3758N 2340E) is the SAR coordination centre for thearea covered by this volume.

Many of the larger Greek ports, and some smaller ones,now have lifeboats. These are supplemented in some areasby coastguard vessels.

Turkey1.53

1 Ankara Main SAR Coordination Centre (MSRCC)(3957N 3254E) in conjunction with regional TurkishCoast Guard centres, are responsible for the coordinationof all SAR incidents within the area covered by thisvolume.

CHAPTER 1

8

COUNTRIES AND PORTSGREECE

General description

Charts 180, 43021.54

1 Greece, known to the Greeks as Ells, is a maritimecountry in the SE of Europe. It is bounded on the N byAlbania, Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria; on the E byTurkey; on the S by the E part of the Mediterranean; andon the W by the Ionian Sea.

Athnai (Athens) (3800N 345E) is the capital of thecountry.1.55

1 Mainland. The Greek mainland comprises the following11 regions:

Attica.Aegean N.Aegean S.piros.Greece Central.

2 Greece West.Macedonia Central.Macedonia East.Macedonia West.Peloponnese.Thessaly.

1.56 1 Islands. About one fifth of the total area of Greece

consists of more than 1400 islands, of which about 170 areinhabited, lying in the Ionian and Aegean Seas. Theprincipal islands and island groups within the area coveredby this book are as follows:

2 Nsos Krti (4.2), generally referred to as Krti andformerly known as Crete, the largest of the islands,which forms the S limit of the Aegean Sea. Owingto its position, fertility and population, Krti is oneof the most important islands in the EMediterranean.

3 Kikldhes Nsoi, commonly called The Cyclades,which lie in the central part of the S Aegean andinclude: ndros (7.3), Makrnisos (7.4), Ka (7.5),Kthnos (7.6), Srifos (7.7), Yaros (7.8), Sros(7.9), Rina (7.10), Dhlos (7.11), Mkonos (7.12),Tnos (7.13), Mlos (7.14), Kmolos (7.15),Polaigos (7.16), Sfnos (7.17), Folgandros (7.18),Antparos (7.19), Skinos (7.20), Anfi (7.21), os(7.22), Irklia (7.23), Skhoinosa (7.24),Koufonsia (7.25), Kros (7.26), Amorgs (7.27),Pros (7.28), Nxos (7.29), Dhonosa (7.30) andThra (7.31).

4 Dhodheknisoi, commonly called The Dodecaneseand sometimes known as the Southern Sporadhes,which mostly lie in the E part of the S Aegeanand include: Ksos (4.282), Krpathos (4.283),Rdos (8.2), Tlos (8.5), Smi (8.6), Nsiros (8.8),Astiplaia (8.9), Ks (8.10), Klimnos (8.12),Lros (8.13) and Ptmos (8.16). Nsos Meysti(Kastellrizon) (3608N 935E), which alsobelongs to the group, is described inMediterranean Pilot Volume V.

5 Nsoi Vrioi Spordhes, commonly known as theNorthern Sporadhes, a group lying NE of Nsosvvoia and including: Skros (10.6), Skathos(10.7), Skpelos (10.8) and Alnnisos (10.9).

Eastern Sporadhes, which lie in the E part of the NAegean and include: Ikara (8.18), Smos (8.19),Khos (11.2), Psra (11.3), Lsvos (11.4), yiosEvstrtios (11.5), Lmnos (11.6) and Samothrki(13.3).

National limits1.57

1 Greece claims a limit of 6 miles (measured from normalbaselines) for both its territorial waters and fisheriesjurisdictions. For further details, see Annual Summary ofAdmiralty Notices to Mariners.

History1.58

1 From the end of the political independence of the citystates of ancient Greece to the early years of the nineteenthcentury Greece was ruled successively by the Roman,Byzantine and Ottoman Empires.

The Greek War of Independence began in 1821 andcontinued until 1829 when, by the Treaty of Adrianople,Turkey finally recognized the independence of Greece. Atthat time the country comprised Pelopnnisos, CentralGreece, Kikldhes Nsoi and Nsoi Vrioi Spordhes.

2 The Greek vision was to bring all Greeks of thedeclining Ottoman Empire into the new state. Therealisation of this idea took many years, and its pursuitcreated tensions between Greece and its neighbours,particularly Turkey, which have persisted to the presenttime. The principal secessions of territory to Greece afterindependence were as follows:

3 1864 Inioi Nsoi, by Britain.1881 Thessala and piros, by Turkey.1913 Makedhona, Krti and Eastern Sporadhes, by

Turkey.1918 Thrki, by Bulgaria.1947 Dhodheknisoi, by Italy.

4 In 1920 Eastern Thrace and Smyrna (now known aszmir) were ceded to Greece by the Treaty of Svres.

In 192122 the Greeks took the offensive against theTurks in pursuit of their claims in Anatolia. From Smyrnathe Greek army advanced to within 60 miles of Ankarabefore being repulsed.

5 In 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne returned Eastern Thraceand Smyrna to Turkey and provided for the exchange ofGreek and Turkish minorities.

In 1981 Greece became the 10th full member of theEuropean Community.

Government1.59

1 On gaining independence a monarchy was establishedwhich lasted until 1924 when a republic was proclaimed.The monarchy was restored in 1935, but after variousvicissitudes it was finally terminated by referendum on 8thDecember 1974. Since then Greece has been a presidentialparliamentary republic with a governmental structuresimilar to those in most European countries. The president,who is head of state, is elected by parliament for a term offive years. The president appoints a prime minister and, onthe latters advice, the remaining members of government.The president is advised by the Council of the Republic.

Population1.60

1 In 2001 the population of Greece was estimated to be109 million.

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9

Religion1.61

1 The Greek Orthodox Church is the established religionof the country.

Languages1.62

1 Greek is the official language of the country. Themodern language contains many features of classical Greekwhich has existed for 3000 years.

2 In the nineteenth century a form of Greek known asKatharvousa was devised to purify the language and returnit to a form nearer to that of the ancient dialect from whichit developed. However, Katharvousa never became widelyestablished and in 1976 it was abolished as a language ofuniversity instruction and government. The form of presentday spoken Greek, which has become the language ofmodern literature, is generally termed Demotik.

Apart from Greek, the languages most commonlyunderstood are English, French and Italian.

Physical features1.63

1 The Greek mainland is mountainous. Much of thecountry is dry and rocky, and little more than a quarter ofthe land is arable. In some of the mountainous regions,especially Pelopnnisos, there are extensive tablelands. Inits general aspect the country presents a series of strikingand interesting contrasts; fertile tracts covered withvineyards, olive groves, cornfields or forests lie close torugged heights and rocky precipices.

Rivers are few in Greece. All are obstructed at theirentrances by shoals, and few can be entered even by boats.1.64

1 The islands of the Aegean archipelago are all high.Many are of volcanic origin, and others are composed ofwhite marble. Some of the islands are fertile andpicturesque; others, mostly the smaller ones, are masses ofrock and devoid of vegetation.

Industry and trade1.65

1 Agriculture employs about one sixth of the workingpopulation of Greece, and its products make up a third ofthe countrys exports. The principal products are sugar beet,olives, tomatoes, cereals, seed cotton, fruit and vegetables,olive oil and wine.

2 Manufacturing industry employs about one seventh ofthe labour force and its products make up nearly a half ofexports. The principal industries are cement, fuel oils, ironand steel, fertilizers, alumina, sulphuric acid, packingmaterials, soap and detergents, textile yarns, soft andalcoholic drinks, cigarettes and glass. Oil is produced froma small oilfield off the W coast of Nsos Thsos.

3 Principal exports are food (notably fruit and nuts),clothing, refined petroleum, machinery and aluminium.Imports consist of machinery, chemicals, crude petroleum,road vehicles and food products.

TURKEY

General descriptionCharts 180, 43021.66

1 Turkey, known to the Turks as Trkiye, is bounded onthe W by the Aegean Sea, on the NW by Greece and

Bulgaria, on the N by the Black Sea, on the NE byGeorgia and Armenia, on the E by Iran, on the S by Iraq,Syria and the E part of the Mediterranean Sea. The countrylies partly in Asia and partly in Europe, the two parts beingseparated by the straits connecting the Aegean and BlackSeas. The Asian part is called Anadolu (formerly Anatoliaor Asia Minor); the European part, which comprises only 3per cent of the land area of the country, is called Trakya(formerly Eastern Thrace).

2 Ankara (3957N 3254E) is the capital of the country,and stanbul (4101N 2858E) is the largest city.

The principal Turkish islands in the Aegean Sea are:Bozcaada (3950N 2602E) (11.7).Gkeada (4010N 2550E) (11.9).

National limits1.67

1 Turkey claims a limit of 6 miles (measured from astraight baseline system) for both its territorial waters andfisheries jurisdiction in the Aegean Sea. Elsewhere the limitclaimed is 12 miles. For further details, see AnnualSummary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

History1.68

1 At the end of the thirteenth century the Turks, who hadbeen dominant in central Asia and the E part of AsiaMinor for the previous two centuries, took control of theAsiatic territories of the Byzantine Empire and the OttomanEmpire came into being. During succeeding centuries theOttomans gradually acquired more of the ByzantineEmpire, absorbing the whole of it after their capture ofConstantinople in 1453. In subsequent conquests theOttoman Empire advanced into Syria, Mesopotamia andEgypt, and reached its W limit before Vienna in 1529 andagain in 1532.

2 In the nineteenth century Russia and the Europeanpowers, and internal troubles, combined to weaken theOttoman Empire. In 1827 a combined Russian, French andBritish fleet destroyed the Turkish fleet at Navarino.

During the Crimean War (185456), fought to frustrateRussian aspirations for the control of Constantinople,France and Britain supported Turkey.

3 Continual unrest in the Balkans for the remainder of thenineteenth century led to two Balkan Wars in 191213which further reduced the Ottoman Empire. Finally, as aresult of the First World War (191418) in which Turkeyallied itself to Germany, the boundaries of the OttomanEmpire were reduced to Anatolia and a small area aroundConstantinople.

4 In 1923, after a bitter war in which the invading Greekswere expelled from Anatolia, the Ottoman Empire came toan end and modern Turkey became a republic. In 1999Turkey became a candidate for EU membership andaccession talks began in 2005.

Government1.69

1 Turkey is a democratic, secular republic with aparliamentary form of government and an independentjudiciary. The legislative body, with 450 elected members,is known as the Grand National Assembly.

2 Under the latest constitution, adopted by referendum in1982, the president of the republic is chosen by theassembly for a term of seven years. The president appointsa Council of Ministers who are responsible to the GrandNational Assembly. Executive powers are shared betweenthe president and the prime minister.

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Population1.70

1 In 2001 Turkey had a population of nearly 678 million.

Religions1.71

1 The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion butforbids its political exploitation or any impairment of thesecular character of the republic. In 1992 there were582 million Muslims, twothirds Sunni and onethirdShiite.

2 The Greek Orthodox, Gregorian, Armenian, ArmenianApostolic and Roman Catholic Churches are represented inIstanbul and there are small Uniate, Protestant and Jewishcommunities.

Languages1.72

1 Turkish is the official language of the country.English, which is taught extensively, is mostly used

commercially. German or French are known by manytechnicians and professional people.

Physical features1.73

1 The main physical feature of Turkey is a belt of youngmountain ranges with a mean elevation of about 1100 mdominating the N and S and encircling the CentralAnatolian Plateau. North of the plateau are the PonticMountains and to its S rise the Taurus Mountains.

2 Western Anatolia has elongated mountain ridgesseparated by depressed floors. The W side of W Anatolia isbroken by broad valleys and the deeply indented coastlinethrows out long rocky promontories into the Aegean sea.Central Anatolia is a semiarid plateau divided into severalbasins. Eastern Anatolia comprises lofty ranges and recentvolcanic cones, such as Ari Dai (Mount Ararat), thehighest peak in Turkey at 5128 m.

3 Earthquakes are frequent all over Turkey, especially inthe SE and W, and the region is remarkable for the numberof its thermal and mineral springs.

There are several lakes in Turkey, the largest being thatof Van Gl. It is a salt lake, variable in size and withoutan outlet. The rivers in Turkey are of no great importanceand few are navigable by boats for more than a shortdistance from their mouths.

Industry and trade1.74

1 Agriculture accounts for about one seventh of the grossnational product of Turkey, and nearly half of the workingpopulation are farmers. Cotton, tobacco, cereals, sugarbeets, fruit and nuts are grown.

Manufacturing industry accounts for a quarter to onethird of the gross national product. Products includecement, fuel oil, sugar, paper and paperboard, iron andsteel bars, fertilizers, cotton yarn, chemicals, olive oil andcarpets.

2 Principal exports are machinery and automotive industryproducts, readymade garments, textile and food products,iron and steel. Imports consist of machinery and automotiveindustry products, minerals and oil, chemicals, food andagricultural raw materials, iron and steel.

PRINCIPAL PORTS, HARBOURS ANDANCHORAGES

1.75 Place and position Remarks

Greece1 South AegeanS part

rmos Sodas (4.86)(3529N 2407E)

Large natural harbour,Naval and commercial port

Irkleio (Irklion) (4.170)(3522N 2509E)

Large commercial port

South AegeanW part2 Nvplion (5.141)

(3734N 2248E)Commercial port

rmos Mlou (5.225)(3643N 2425E)

Large safe anchorage;commercial and ferry port atAdmas (5.230)

Saroniks KlposPeirais (6.75)(3756N 2337E)

Major commercial port

Peirais roads (6.104) Waiting anchorage3 rmos Falrou (6.106) Summer anchorage used by

cruise ships and navalvessels

Limnas Peirais (6.108) Main harbour of PeiraisLimnas Iraklous (6.146) Artificial harbour for

RoRo and container trafficSalams naval base (6.184) Naval base

4 Elevss (6.219)(38025N 23325E)

Large commercial port

Limnas Pgonos (6.328)(3731N 2325E)

Large safe anchorage

South Aegean archipelagormos ou (7.167)(3643N 2516E)

Safe anchorage

5 rmos Naosis (7.289)(3708N 2514E)

Large safe anchorage

Ermopolis (7.341)(3726N 2457E)

Commercial port

rmos Gvrio (7.417)(3751N 2445E)

Deepwater anchorage

South AegeanE partRdos (8.68)(3627N 2814E)

Ferry and commercial port

Ks (8.340)(3654N 2717E)

Ferry and commercial port

6 rmos Lakk (8.371)(3707N 2650E)

Natural harbour, Naval andcommercial port

Evvoks KlposLvrion (9.13)(3743N 2403E)

Commercial port

Khalks (9.116)(3828N 2336E)

Large commercial port

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North AegeanW partVlos (10.227)(3921N 2257E)

Large commercial port

7 Thessalonki (10.325)(4000N 2256E)

Large commercial port

North Aegeancentral partrmos Modhrou (11.205)(3950N 2515E)

Large safe anchorage

North AegeanE partKhos (12.80)(3822N 2608E)

Commercial port

North AegeanN partKavla (13.74)(4055N 2424E)

Commercial port

8 Alexandropoli (13.212)(4050N 2553E)

Commercial port

TurkeyNorth AegeanE partKuadas (12.29)(3752N 2715E)

Commercial and ferry port

zmir (12.268)(3826N 2708E)

Large commercial port

Nemrut Liman (12.317)(3846N 2655E)

Industrial port

Aliaa (12.336)(3850N 2657E)

Oil terminal

PORT SERVICES SUMMARY

Docking facilities1.76

1 The summary below lists ports with docking facilities;dimensions, where given, relate to the largest vessel thatcan be accommodated; further details of the facilities aregiven at the reference quoted for each port.

Peirais (6.87):Limnas Peirais (6.126): two dry docks, the larger

with a maximum capacity of 10 000 dwt.2 Prama ship repair yard (6.167): two floating docks,

the larger with a lifting capacity of 15 000 tonnes.Salams naval base (6.187): three floating docks for

the use of the Hellenic Navy, the largest with alifting capacity of 3000 tonnes.

Skaramangs shipyard (6.209): two dry docks andthree floating docks, the largest with a maximumcapacity of 500 000 dwt.

3 Elevss (6.233): three floating docks, the largest with alifting capacity of 30 000 tonnes.

Ermopolis (7.350): two floating docks, the larger witha lifting capacity of 75 000 tonnes.

Khalks (9.133): two floating docks, the larger with alifting capacity of 15 000 tonnes.

zmir (12.302): three slipways and a floating dock.

Other facilitiesCompass adjustment1.77

1 rmos Sodhas (4.111).Peirais (6.88).

Oily waste reception1.78

1 Facilities for the reception of certain types of oily wasteexist at the following places:

Peirais (6.88).Elevss (6.235).yios Thedhoroi oil terminal (6.309).Ermopolis (7.351).

2 Khalks (9.119).Vlos (10.241).Thessalonki (10.347).Aliaga (12.344).

Deratting1.79

1 Deratting and deratting exemption certificates:Irkleio (4.189).Peirais (6.88).Thessalonki (10.347).

1.80 1 Exemption certificates only:

Nvplion (5.148).Ermopolis (7.351).Rdos (8.78).Ks (8.347).Vlos (10.241).

2 Modhrou (Nsos Lmnos) (11.223).Smos (12.20).Khos (12.89).zmir (12.303).Aliaa (12.344).Mitilni (12.391).Kavla (13.90).Alexandropoli (13.225).

Measured distances1.81

1 Northern approach to rmos Sodhas (4.79).Peirais approaches (6.97).Nsoi Dhiaprioi (6.292).

Supplies1.82

1 Fuel oil, fresh water and provisions can be obtained atthe ports listed at 1.75, and at many smaller placesmentioned in the text. The quantities available are likely tobe commensurate with the size of the place.

Fuel oil: at the smaller places the supply may be bydrum or road tanker.

2 Fresh water is sometimes in short supply in the islands,especially in late summer.

Provisions, when mentioned at the smaller places, maysignify no more than the existence of a shop where foodmay be obtained.

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NATURAL CONDITIONS

MARITIME TOPOGRAPHY

General remarks

Chart 1801.83

1 The Aegean Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Seabounded on the S by Nsos Krti, on the W and N by theGreek mainland, and on the E by the coast of Turkey. Itcontains numerous islands, sometimes known as the Aegeanarchipelago.

Sea of Crete is the name sometimes given to the seaarea between the N coast of Krti and the islands of the SAegean archipelago.

Seabed1.84

1 Beyond the edge of the continental shelf, which iscomparatively narrow, basins reach depths of more than1000 m particularly in the S Aegean. The seabed consistspredominately of mud. The rocks of the floor are chieflylimestone, though often greatly altered by volcanic activity.Such activity has been the cause of richlycolouredsediments in the vicinity of Nsos Thra.

Volcanic activity1.85

1 Volcanoes are known to exist at the following placeswithin the area covered by this volume:

Near Kaimni (3737N 2320E), on KhersnisosMethnon on the SW side of SaroniksKlposdormant since about 250 BC.