1. The First People The NisquallyTribe Squally-absch, or People of the river, People of the grass country. Traditionally lived off the land and rivers, sustaining their people through respect and protection of natural ecosystemsSalmon are important to their diet and culture.

2. European Settlers came. Built dikes Cleared local vegetation Farmed crops and animals Ditched creeks 3. Modern Life. 4. Is there room for wildlife? 5. Our region changed 19721996 6. Other project partners. 7. Our PurposeReplant native vegetation to re-establish a healthyriparian zone. Benefits wildlife, especially salmon 5 Nisqually salmon: Chinook, Coho, Chum, and Pink salmon and Steelhead 8. Ohop Valley Restoration 9. The Ohop Valley Story The Nisqually Land Trust owns over 200 acres in Ohop Valley. Ohop Creek runs is 2nd most important salmon-producingtributary of the Nisqually River. More than a century ago immigrant Swedish farmers turnedthe creek into a straight-flowing ditch in an attempt to dry out the valley and create better pasture for their dairy cattle. 10. Why Re-meander a stream? Meander= to follow a winding, bending course. Provides temperature control Creates different speeds of water, giving fish rest areasinstead of one fast stream Stabilizes river banks Helps protect flooding of man-built parts of the Nisqually watershed including: Highway 7, Peterson Road, bridges, and adjacent neighborhoods. 11. Engineered Log JamsMimicking Nature 12. Restoration Activities Re-meander stream Removing old buildings Removing invasive plants Replanting the large floodplain 13. Phase 1: Replanting 100 acres along the river Installing 40 logjams 400 trees 14. Phase 2: Realigning ditched channel 15. Our PurposeReplant native vegetation to re-establish a healthyriparian zone. Benefits wildlife, especially salmon 5 Nisqually salmon: Chinook, Coho, Chum, and Pink salmon and Steelhead 16. 5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon A. Roots hold dirt, preventing erosion which can the smother the redds within the stream. 17. 5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon B. Large woody debris (LWD) provides pools, resting spots, feeding areas, and hiding spaces from predators. 18. 5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon C. Trees provide shade, keeping stream temperatures low, a necessity for the survival of salmon. 19. 5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon D. Trees provide oxygen, which is good for not only the salmon, but us too. 20. 5 Main Reasons We Plant Trees For Salmon E. Trees are part of the food web. 21. What is a Native Plant? 22. Native Plants areNative to our Bioregion! 23. Red AlderAlanusrubraThe red alder is a deciduous tree that can grow taller than 120 feet. The bark is thin, grey, and smooth. They are usually covered with patches lichens making the bark appear white. The leaves are sharply pointed, dull green and smooth above and rust-colored and hairy below. Edges are slightly rolled under with coarse, blunt teeth. Brownish cones remain on the tree throughout the winter months.This tree has the ability fix nitrogen, contributing to the abundance of this limited nutrient. 24. Oregon Ash Fraxinuslatifolia The Oregon ash is a deciduous tree that can grow over 80 feet tall and live up to 250 years. Leaves are arranged in 5-7 leaflets, bright green, and oval shaped. Leaves are yellow in the fall. The bark is thin and green when young and is grey-brown when mature. Flowers in the spring are pale greenish and yellow and produce wing shaped fruit 25. Balsam PoplarPopulusbalsamifera Balsam poplar is a fast growing deciduous tree that can grow up to 98 feet tall Green and red cylinder shaped flowers (or catkins) bear green fruit which turn dull greenyellow before dispersal. Buds are brown-red and excrete an aromatic resinLeaves are oval, finely toothed, with a pointed tip. 26. Sitka Spruce Piceasitchensis The Sitka Spruce is an evergreen tree that can grow over 340 and is the largest species of spruce. Needles are light green to bluish-green, stiff, and sharp. Cones are reddish to yellowish brown and their seed scales are thin, wavy, and irregularly toothed. The bark is very thin, brown or purplish grey, and breaks up into small scales.Natives used softened pitch to caulk and waterproof boats, harpoons and fishing gear. 27. Pacific Crab Apple Malusfusca The Pacific crab apple can grow up to 30 feet tall and has can look like a multi-stemmed shrub. The yellow to purplish-red apples look more like berries (about 1inch in diameter) . After a frost, they turn brown and soft. Natives would cook and mash the apples. The wood is hard and somewhat flexible and was used to make tool handles, bows, wedges, and digging sticksThe flowers are small, white or pink and grow in clusters. 28. Red Osier Dogwood Cornussericea Red osier dogwood is a woody, deciduous shrub with a rounded form and can grow in thickets of up to 3-10 feet. Young bark is bright red in fall and winter and turns more green in spring and summer. Mature bark begins to crack and turn more brown.Flowers are in white clusters with a hint of blue and bear clustered, white berries that ripen in the late summer. Leaves are bright green in spring and summer and turn bright red-orange in the fall. 29. Twinberry Honeysuckle Lonicerainvolucrata Twinberry is a deciduous shrub that grows between 610 feet with a 6-10 feet spread Flowers grow in tubular shapes in June and July and bear two, dark purple-black berries. Leaves are bright green and can grow up to 5 inches and have a hairy underside The berries are incredibly bitter and attract birds, bears, and small mammals. 30. Pacific NinebarkPhysocarpuscapitatusPacific Ninebark is a deciduous shrub that can grow 10-15 feet. Flowers in white domed clusters in spring. These clusters bear papery, red-brown fruits that attract bids and small mammals. The bark is copper colored and sheds in strips. Natives would use parts of this plant for medicinal purposes. 31. Cascara Rhamnuspurshiana Cascara is deciduous and can grow as a shrub up to 15 feet or a small tree 50 feet. The bark is thin, brown, and grey.Flowers are white-yellow, small, crown shaped and bear dark purple-red berries between 1/4-1/2 inches in diameter. Natives would use the bark of this tree as a medicinal laxative 32. Swamp Rose Rosa pisocarpa Swamp or cluster rose is a deciduous shrub that grows in thickets up to 3-6 feet tall.Bright, pink flowers grow in groups of 2-10 and bear fruit or rose hips. These attract and provide food for birds and mammals. In addition to reproducing from seeds, swamp rose can spread through its roots. Leaves are bright green, oval, toothed, and grow in leaflets of 5-7. 33. Rose spireaSpiraeadouglasii Rose spireaor hardhack is a deciduous shrub that grows in thickets of 3-12 feet. Pink, pyramid shaped flower clusters form in June and July Reproduce from rhizomes (an underground stem) that allows it to grow in thickets 34. Sitka willow Salix sitchensisA large, deciduous shrub that can reach heights of 25 feet. Young leaves are velvety, while older leaves are dark green above, hairy with rust-colored hairs or hairless below with smooth margins. Catkins appear well before leaves. Natives pounded the bark and applied it topically wounds as a healing agent, ground it to a powder and mixed with cereal to make bread, and for making rope. 35. Remember, Safety First! Walk, dont run. Stay in sight of the group at all times. Shovels: Sharpened regularly, which makes them dangerous. Never carry shovels over your shoulder. Tip should always be pointed towards the ground, like walking sticks.