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Nspired Probability - Texas Instruments Education/US...2013%T3%Internaonal%Conference% Steve%Phelps%...

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2013 T3 Interna-onal Conference Steve Phelps [email protected] 1 Steve Phelps Madeira High School Cincinna-, OH [email protected] Nspired Probability, Polynomials and CAS 2013 T 3 Interna-onal Conference 1 Goals Discover the connec-on between probability objects (spinners, dice) and polynomials Use polynomial mul-plica-on to model probability situa-ons (the sum of two spins of a spinner, or the sum of the rolls of two dice) Use polynomial factoring to model probability situa-ons (construc-ng new dice that meet certain condi-ons) 2 Essen-al Ques-on Is it possible to find a different pair of sixsided dice with posi-ve integer face values that have the same distribu-on of rolls as a pair of standard six sided dice? 3 Let’s begin to answer this Essen-al Ques-on by playing a game. 4 Spin the two spinners and add the results. What are the possible sums? 5 Possible Sums 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 6
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2013  T3  Interna-onal  Conference  

Steve  Phelps  [email protected]   1  

Steve  Phelps  Madeira  High  School  

Cincinna-,  OH  [email protected]  

Nspired  Probability,    Polynomials    and  CAS  2013  T3  Interna-onal  Conference  

1  

Goals  

•  Discover  the  connec-on  between  probability  objects  (spinners,  dice)  and  polynomials  

•  Use  polynomial  mul-plica-on  to  model  probability  situa-ons  (the  sum  of  two  spins  of  a  spinner,  or  the  sum  of  the  rolls  of  two  dice)  

•  Use  polynomial  factoring  to  model  probability  situa-ons  (construc-ng  new  dice  that  meet  certain  condi-ons)  

2  

Essen-al  Ques-on  

Is  it  possible  to  find  a  different  pair  of  six-­‐sided  dice  with  posi-ve  integer  face  values  that  have  the  same  distribu-on  of  rolls  as  a  pair  of  standard  six-­‐sided  dice?  

3  

Let’s  begin  to  answer  this  Essen-al  Ques-on  by  playing  a  game.  

4  

Spin  the  two  spinners  and  add  the  results.  What  are  the  possible  sums?  

5  

Possible  Sums  

-­‐3,  -­‐2,  -­‐1,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4    

6  

2013  T3  Interna-onal  Conference  

Steve  Phelps  [email protected]   2  

Play  a  Game  

•  Write  down  the  10  sums  that  YOU  think  will  be  the  first  ten  sums  to  appear  as  a  result  of  spinning  the  two  spinners  10  -mes.  

•  The  first  person  to  cross  off  all  their  numbers  “wins.”  

•  We  will  model  the  spins  using  a  List  &  Spreadsheet.  

7  

Seang  up  the  Spreadsheet  

8  

From  Spinner  to  Polynomial  

2x −1 + x 0 + x 2

•  The  EXPONENTS  are  the  values  on  the  spinner.  

•  The  COEFFICIENTS  are  the  rela-ve  weights  of  each  value  (-­‐1  occurs  twice  as  oeen  as  0  or  2),  

9  

x −2 + x −1 + x 1 + x 2

From  Spinner  to  Polynomial  

•  The  EXPONENTS  are  the  values  on  the  spinner.  

•  The  COEFFICIENTS  are  the  rela-ve  weights  of  each  value.  

10  

Spinning  Both  Spinners  

11  

Mul-plying  the  two  polynomials  is  equivalent  to  spinning  the  two  spinners  

What  Does  it  Mean?  

• The  EXPONENTS  are  the  SUMS  of  the  two  spinners.  • The  COEFFICIENTS  are  the  number  of  ways  the  sum  can  occur.  

12  

2013  T3  Interna-onal  Conference  

Steve  Phelps  [email protected]   3  

Do  It  With  Probabili-es!  

•  The  EXPONENTS  are  the  values  on  the  spinner.  •  The  COEFFICIENTS  are  the  probabili-es  of  each  value.  

13  

Let’s  work  towards  an  answer  to  our  Essen-al  Ques-on  by  exploring  

a  simpler  problem.  

14  

Two  Four-­‐Sided  Dice:  What  is  The  Distribu-on  of  The  Sums?  

15  

Two  Four-­‐Sided  Dice:  What  is  The  Distribu-on  of  The  Sums?  

One  way  to  roll  an  8,  two  ways  to  roll  a  7,  three  ways  to  roll  a  6,  four  ways  to  roll  a  5,  and  so  on...  

16  

Is  it  possible  to  construct  two  other  4-­‐sided  dice  that  have  the  same  distribu-on  of  sums?  

17  

Factor  

There  are  six  factors!  18  

2013  T3  Interna-onal  Conference  

Steve  Phelps  [email protected]   4  

Rearrange  the  Factors  

•  Both  dice  are  4-­‐sided  •  One  dice  has  one  4,  two  3’s  and  one  2  •  The  other  has  one  4,  two  2’s  and  one  0  

19  

What  About  This?  

•  One  die  is  8-­‐sided,  the  other  is  2-­‐sided.    20  

What  About  This?  

•  Both  dice  are  4-­‐sided  •  One  dice  has  one  3,  two  2s  and  one  1  •  The  other  has  one  5,  two  3’s  and  one  1  

21  

Back  to  our  Essen-al  Ques-on  

Is  it  possible  to  find  a  different  pair  of  six-­‐sided  dice  with  posi-ve  integer  face  values  that  have  the  same  distribu-on  of  rolls  as  a  pair  of  standard  six-­‐sided  dice?  

22  

Rolling  Two  6-­‐sided  Dice  

Each  dice  is  represented  as  a  polynomial  by    

x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + x 6

23  

Factor  

•  There  are  8  factors  • We  need  to  choose  factors  that  will  create  a  polynomial  whose  coefficients  are  all  posi-ve  and  sum  to  6.  

24  

2013  T3  Interna-onal  Conference  

Steve  Phelps  [email protected]   5  

This  Would  NOT  Work...  

25  

This  DOES  Work  

26  

Sicherman  Dice  

27  

Differences  

•  Other  than  the  obvious,  how  are  Sicherman  Dice  different  from  a  pair  of  6-­‐sided  dice  

Standard   Sicherman  

28  

Extension  Ques-ons  for    Sicherman  Dice  

•  How  would  Monopoly  change  with  these  dice?  

•  How  would  Backgammon  change  with  these  dice?  

•  How  would  Craps  change  with  these  two  dice?  •  How  would  Yahtzee  change  using  these  dice?  

29  

References  

•  hop://plus.maths.org/content/os/issue41/features/hobbs/index  

•  hop://plus.maths.org/content/non-­‐transi-v-­‐dice  

•  hop://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicherman_dice  •  hop://mathworld.wolfram.com/SichermanDice.html  

•  hop://www.cut-­‐the-­‐knot.org/arithme-c/combinatorics/Sicherman.shtml  

30  


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