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(BETA VERSION)

The National Wetlands Action Plan for the Philippines

2011-2016

Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau

Department of Environment and Natural Resources Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Nature Center

North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City

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Table of Contents

Page ACRONYMS PART I The State of Philippine Wetlands 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Wetlands in the Philippines 2

2.1 Freshwater/Inland Water Ecosystems 3 Lakes 4 Rivers and River Basins 6

- Priority Rivers 10 Marshes and Swamplands 12

- Ligawasan Marsh 13 - Candaba Swamp 14

2.2 Coastal and Marine Wetlands 15 Mangrove Forests 15 Coral Reefs 15 Seagrass Beds 16

Challenges 16 Conservation Measures Implemented 17 Recommendations 18 Examples of Critical Coastal Habitats

- LPPCHEA 18

- Cabusao Wetland Critical Habitat 20 2.3 The Ramsar Sites of the Philippines: Wetlands of

International Importance 22

Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary 22 Naujan Lake National Park 25

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park 27 Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary 29

2.4 Some Best Practices in Wetland Conservation

Bani, Pangasinan 30 Amlan, Negros Oriental 31 Bais Bay, Negros Oriental 31 Prieto Diaz 32

3.0 Relevant Laws and Policies Affecting the Management of Philippine Wetlands

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PART II Updating the 1993 National Wetland Action Plan for the Philippines

1.0 Desk Review and Small Group Workshops 35 2.0 Stakeholders Recommendation : The Dumaguete Conference 36 3.0 Regional Consultations and Integration Workshops 36 4.0 Mainstreaming the NWAPP: Adoption and Institutionalization 37

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Part III The National Wetland Action Plan for the Philippines

(2011 – 2016)

1.0 Guiding Principles 38 Vision 38 Mission Statement 38 Objectives 39 Thematic Areas and Goals 39 Outcomes 39 Strategic Approach 40 Core Values 40 Ownership 40 Collaborative Partnerships 41 Linkages to National, Regional and International Initiatives 41 Strategic Actions 41 Proposed Implementation Mechanism 42 Priority Wetlands in the NWAPP 2011-2016 43 Overview of the General Strategies of the NWAPP 43

2.0 Priority Wetlands for the NWAPP 2011-2016 43 3.0 The Action Plan (2011-2016) 44

Thematic Area 1: Wetlands Policy 45 Thematic Area 2: Freshwater/Inland Wetlands 55 Thematic Area 3: Coastal and Marine Wetlands 68 Thematic Area 4: Enabling Activities 79

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List of Tables Table 1 List of conservation and research priority areas for inland waters

Table 2 Some IWRM-based programs and projects

Table 3 Dissolved Oxygen levels of the Nineteen priority rivers under the Sagip-Ilog

Program

Table 4 Biological Oxygen Demand levels of the nineteen priority rivers under the Sagip-

Ilog Program

Table 5 Major swamps and marshes in the Philippines

Table 6 Some recent policies and legislations relevant to Philippine wetlands

List of Figures Figure 1 Major river basins in the Philippines List of Boxes

Box 1 Definition of Wetlands

Box 2 Laguna de Bay

Box 3 Wise Use Defined

List of Annexes Annex A Priority Wetlands for the NWAPP 2011-2016

Annex B Recommended Additional Priority Wetlands (from Regional Consultations)

Annex C Prioritization Based on Conservation Investments

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ACRONYMS

AO Administrative Order

AMWS Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary

ARBIWRM Agusan River Basin Integrated Water Resources Management

ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

AWC Asian Waterbird Census

BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CKBA Candidate Key Biodiversity Area

CMS Convention of Migratory Species

CRMP Coastal Resource Management Project

DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources

GPOA General Plan of Action

DO Dissolved Oxygen

FPE Foundation for the Philippine Environment

IBA Important Bird Area

ICM Integrated Coastal Management

ICRM Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project

IMA International Marinelife Alliance

IP Indigenous People

IPR Indigenous Peoples Rights

IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management

IRR Implementing Rules and Regulation

KBA Key Biodiversity Area

LPPCHEA Las Piñas-Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area

MPA Marine Protected Areas

NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

NEDA National Economic Development Authority

NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System

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NPS-ENRMP National Program Support–Environment and Natural Resources Management

Project

NWAPP National Wetlands Action Plan for the Philippines

NWRB National Water Resources Board

OIWS Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary

PAMB Protected Area Management Board

PAWCZMS Protected Areas, Wildlife and Coastal Zone Management Service

PBCP Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities

PCP Pawikan Conservation Project

PCSD Philippine Council for Sustainable Development

PCSDS Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff

PSSI Philippine Speleological Society Incorporated

RBCO River Basin Control Office

RBO River Basin Office

SGP Small Grants Programme

TMO Tubbataha Management Office

TPAMB Tubbataha Protected Area Management Board

TRNP Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park

TWG Technical Working Group

UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

WRRC Water Resources Regional Council

PART 1 THE STATE OF PHILIPPINE WETLANDS

1.0 Introduction

The Philippines is endowed with a variety of wetlands that provide a wide range of products

and services critical to human survival. Wetlands provide products such as food, building

materials for shelter, genetic pool for food and medicine, and medium for mobility, among

others. They are also important because of their ecological functions and services such as for

flood control, groundwater replenishment, water purification, shoreline stabilization and climate

change mitigation.

Wetlands are ecosystems that support biodiversity. They are home to one of the largest

assemblies of microorganisms, reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds and mammals that live within or

near waters. Wetlands are also responsible for a number of natural processes, products and

services that are critical to the development and survival of human communities. Wetland

ecosystems are also rich in cultural value because of their religious, historical, archaeological or

other cultural significance.

Wetlands, however, are experiencing a myriad of issues and concerns that poses great

challenges in maintaining the integrity of these important ecosystems. Foremost of these are

degradation of wetlands and their conversion to other land/water uses. These are in turn

caused by human and natural actions such as drainage, dredging and stream channelization,

damming, poor agricultural practices, introduction of invasive alien species, subsidence,

drought, and severe storms, among others. These actions often result to siltation and

sedimentation, release of toxic chemicals, air and water pollution, runoff, changing nutrient

levels, subsidence, sea level rise and loss of biodiversity.

One of the major driving forces behind the unprecedented loss of biodiversity on Earth

can be attributed to climate change. This was made clear in the report on impacts, adaptation,

and vulnerability to climate change of the International Panel on Climate Change. Species

extinction rates increased by a factor of 1,000 over the last century, paving the way to the

greatest wave of mass extinction of animal species in 65 million years. Unless action is taken

now, two thirds of the Earth’s remaining species are likely to be extinct by 2100. Thus, climate

change clearly poses a major security to the very foundation of life on earth.

Box 1. Definition of Wetlands

Wetlands are areas of marsh, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial,

permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including

area of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six (6) meters.

(Ramsar Convention on Wetlands www.ramsar.org and Joint DENR-DA-PCSD

Administrative Order No. 2004-01)

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Climate change is likely to have a severe impact and compromise the wetlands ability to

provide these benefits. Sea-level rise, coral bleaching, changes in hydrology and in the

temperature of water bodies will lead to reduction in the goods and services provided by these

wetlands. On the other hand, efforts to respond to climate change may have equally negative,

and compounding, effects on freshwater and coastal zone ecosystems.

The goals of wetland conservation and wise use are unlikely to be achieved without

taking climate change into account. It is generally understood and accepted that removing the

existing pressures on wetlands, and improving their resiliency is the most effective method of

coping with the adverse effects of climate change.

Further, wetlands are known to play an important role in the global carbon cycle, and

are significant storehouse of carbon. When wetlands are converted, they emit large quantities

of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Conserving, maintaining, or rehabilitating

wetland ecosystems, therefore, can be a viable element to an overall climate change mitigation

and adaptation strategy.

At present, there is no overall national policy on wetlands in the Philippines. The 1992

Philippine Wetlands Action Plan needs to be reviewed to determine what has been done, what

has not been done, and what has to be done. It is imperative to assess its implementation for

the past 10 years and update and revise it to address the present needs of the Filipino people

as well as globally.

2.0 Wetlands in the Philippines

Profiling even just the major wetlands of the Philippines is a major undertaking that will take

considerable time and resources. The 1993 compilation that accompanied the National

Wetlands Action Plan is already more than a decade old and has to be updated. Although there

are a number of studies that generated information about selected wetlands, these are sporadic

and fragmented. This section attempts to put together available information from various

sources i.e. as compiled from the 2002 Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities (PBCP),

Fourth Philippine National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity, data from the Key

Biodiversity Areas study, the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 (draft), reports from the

Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project (ICRMP), and various other relevant

documents.

The Philippines is endowed with 216 lakes; 22 major marshes, swamps and reservoir; and

421 principal rivers. About 34 inland wetlands have been identified as priority sites for research

and conservation by the PBCP (Ong et al., 2002). Seven (7) of these are now considered Key

Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) while another 14 lakes are considered as Candidate Key Biodiversity

Areas (CKBA). KBAs are identified so that site-scale conservation-focused investment targets

can be implemented for globally significant ecosystems and species. Meanwhile, there are four

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(4) Philippine wetlands of international importance recognized under the Ramsar Convention,

namely: Tubbataha Reef Natural Park in Palawan, Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Cebu,

Naujan Lake National Park in Oriental Mindoro, and Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary in

Northeastern Mindanao.

2.1 Inland Wetlands

The Philippine hosts a wide range of wetland types inland or freshwater, as well as

marine and coastal. Inland wetlands are aquatic-influenced environments located within land

boundaries. Examples of these are lakes, swamps and marshes, peatlands, river basins,

reservoirs and dams. The PBCP includes 211 lakes varying from 0.01 sq km to 900 sq km, 18

major rivers, and 22 marshes, and swamps and reservoirs. Table 1 shows the 34 priority inland

water bodies for research and conservation (Ong et al., 2002).

Table 1: List of conservation and research priority areas for inland waters Name of Inland Wetland Location Name of Inland Wetland Location

Abulog River Apayao and Cagayan Bulusan Lake Sorsogon

Cagayan River Cagayan and Isabela Jalaud River Capiz, Antique and Iloilo

Abra River Abra, Mt. Province,

Benguet, Ifugao

and Ilocos Sur

Lake Danao Leyte

Agno/Amburayan River Mt. Province, La

Union, Benguet, Ifugao,

Tarlac, Nueva Vizcaya,

Pangasinan and Ilocos

Sur

Ilog River Negros Oriental and

Occidental

Candaba Swamp Pampanga and Bulacan Twin Lakes Negros Oriental

Umiray River Aurora, Quezon and

Bulacan

Lake Mainit Agusan del Norte and

Surigao del Norte

Kaliwa-Kanan River Quezon Lake Duminagat Misamis Occidental

Laguna de Bay Laguna, Manila and

Rizal

Olangui River Lanao del Norte and

Lanao del Sur

Pasig River Manila and Rizal Lake Lanao Lanao del Sur

Tadlak Lake Laguna Lake Napalit Bukidnon

Taal Lake Batangas Agusan Marsh Agusan del Sur

Pansipit River Batangas Pulangi River Bukidnon, Maguindanao

and North Cotabato

Seven Lakes of San Pablo City Laguna Agusan River Agusan del Norte and

del Sur, Compostela

Lake Nabua Camarines Sur Ligawasan Marsh North and South

Cotabato, Maguindanao,

Sultan Kudarat

Lake Buhi/Lake Manapao/

Lake Katugday

Albay and Camarines

Sur

Lake Sebu and Mt. Three

Kings

South Cotabato

Coron Lakes Palawan Lake Maughan South Cotabato

Lake Naujan Mindoro Oriental Lake Manguao Palawan

Source: Ong et al., 2002.

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These inland wetlands host a multitude of organisms including 316 fish species of which

121 are endemic and 76 are threatened and numerous species of waterbirds, aquatic plants and

a majority of amphibians and semi-aquatic species such as the highly endangered Philippine

crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis).

It is believed that the least attention has been given to these type of wetlands of all

ecosystem types. Threats to inland wetlands include pollution, habitat loss and degradation,

resource use and exploitation, proliferation of invasive alien species, diversion of rivers for

irrigation and dam construction, and the effects of climate change. Pollution largely comes

from domestic and other non-point sources with considerable contribution from industrial and

agricultural sources.

Lakes

Among the major lakes in the country are Laguna de Bay (Box 2), Lake Lanao, Taal

Lake, Lake Naujan, Lake Mainit, Lake Buluan, Lake Bato, Lake Pagusi, Lake Labas and Lake

Lumao.

Lakes are among the most important of wetlands. Laguna de Bay, the largest freshwater

body in the country provides various products and services for the more than 13 million people

that live in its lake basin. Taal Lake is important for tourism because of its high scenic value

while Lake Lanao has a number of endemic fish species contributing to the overall biodiversity

of the basin. Lake Buhi is among these important bodies of water having the distinction of

being home to the smallest commercial fish in the world, the “sinarapan” (Mistichthys

luzonensis). Naujan Lake in Oriental Mindoro is an important staging and wintering area for a

large number of tufted duck (Aythya fuligula).

Lakes in the country are mainly used for aquaculture with Laguna de Bay providing 65-

70 per cent of the fish requirement of Metro Manila. Laguna de Bay yielded 37,000 – 47,000

MT of fish from 1997-2000 (LLDA, undated). Lakes also provide other functions and services

such as means of mobility for lakeshore communities, source of water for domestic, industrial

and agricultural uses, source of food and materials for shelter, among others.

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Over time, these lakes have been subjected to various pressures resulting from the

increasing need of people and communities for food, fuel, water and many other products and

services. They are also subjected to siltation and flooding. As a result, most of the country’s

lakes are in various stages of deterioration. In Batangas, for example, the Taal Lake’s bull

sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), which used to be part of the lake's once-diverse ecosystem were

exterminated by the locals in the 1930s. In January 2008, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic

Resources - Philippines (BFAR) announced that a fishkill in Taal Lake occurred affecting 50

metric tons of cultured tilapia and 6,000 maliputo fishes due to pollution contamination and low

oxygen levels in the waters of several lake barangays. For about a decade now, Lake Lanao in

Lanao del Sur province was found to have massive algae contamination by the Mindanao State

University and BFAR due to poor sewage and agricultural waste management and soil erosion

from indiscriminate logging and extensive land use and farming in its watershed area.

A holistic approach has been adopted in the management of some of the major lakes in

the country. Taal Volcano Protected Landscape which includes Taal Lake has a Management

Plan which was unanimously approved by the Protected Area Management Board on November

26, 2009. The 10-year Management Plan features, among others, activities to maintain and

monitor water quality, zoning for forests, fish sanctuary and agro-tourism, a reliance on

counterpart contributions by stakeholders, better law enforcement, keeping current population

Box 2 Laguna de Bay

• The largest inland water in the Philippines with a surface area of about 900 square kilometers.

• Divided into 24 hydrological sub-basins, receives water from 25 major tributaries, and drains

through Pasig River to Manila Bay.

• Class C waters fit for fisheries

• Decreasing trend in transparency and net productivity in the lake.

• Fish production has declined: The fisheries of Laguna de Bay have been affected by human,

industrial, and environmental factors which resulted in a 64 percent decline in production levels

from 1980 to 1996 and this has profound effects on the 16.3M people living in the lake basin.

• Species diversity has also significantly declined; of the total 33 species reported to have thrived in

the lake at different times, only 5 out of the 9 indigenous species have remained. All the 5

migratory species have disappeared and the catch at present is dominated by the exotic

aquaculture species

• Major threats in the Laguna de Bay include: (a) pollution from wastewater discharges; (b)

siltation/sedimentation; (c) watershed habitat alteration and urbanization; (d) proliferation of IAS

such as janitor fish; (e) conflicts between fishpens and cages and open water fisheries

• Policy and program responses: development of ZOMAP; formation of multi-sectoral river

rehabilitation councils; development of a new Laguna de Bay Master Plan.

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levels, disaster preparedness, and solid waste management (http://taal-lake-

blag.blogspot.com/2009/12/taal-volcano-protected-landscape.html).

The Taal Lake Task Force created by the Governor to implement local government

agreements under the Unified Rules and Regulations for Fisheries is wrapping up efforts at

dismantling excess cages. The Task Force reported the dismantling of over 5,000 cages in a

year and a half of continuing operations. It is expected that new registrations and PAMB

clearances in 2010 will further clean up the lists of allowed fish cages and operators.

(http://taal-lake-blag.blogspot.com/2009/12/taal-volcano-protected-landscape.html).

Rivers and River Basins

There are 421 principal river basins that provide various services such as means for

mobility and transport of people and goods, hydropower, recreation, and irrigation, among

others. Twenty of these are larger than 1,000 square kilometers in size while 18 are larger

than 1,400 square kilometers. Cagayan River Basin is the largest at 25,649 square kilometers.

Shown in Figure 1 below are the 18 major river basins (DENR-RBCO, 2007).

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River basin issues are closely interlinked with water-related management challenges.

These challenges cover a wide range of concerns including provision of safe water and

sanitation, increasing trend of floods and other water-induced disasters, inadequate river

control and drainage facilities, pollution of surface water and groundwater as a result of

urbanization, industrialization, indiscriminate land use and land development, and governance

concerns due to overlapping functions among agencies working on water and water-related

projects and programs (Tuddao, 2009).

Many of the major rivers in the country are silted due to upstream deforestation and

unsuitable land uses including bank destabilization activities. The main sources of water

pollution are domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, surface water runoff from urban

areas, and chemicals from agricultural fertilizer and pesticides. Agusan River receives silt from

erosion and mining activities upstream which ultimately ends up in the coastal areas of Butuan

Bay. Urban rivers such as Pasig, Paranaque, San Juan, Marikina and Meycauayan all have

dissolved oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels below the standard for

Class C waters. According to DENR Administrative Order (AO) 34, main water quality criteria for

Class C waters are: DO at 5 milligrams per liter (mg/l) minimum; BOD at 10 mg/l, maximum;

and total coliforms at 5,000 most probable number per 100 milliliters (MPN/100 ml), maximum.

Class C standard river water is capable of sustaining aquatic life, is suitable for secondary

contact sports such as boating, and after treatment, may be used for industrial processes.

Water quality monitoring shows that the pollution concentrations exceed the levels required to

meet the water quality standards for Class C as designated by the Department of Environment

and Natural Resources (DENR) for these rivers.

Although still below Class C water criteria, improvement of water quality has been

observed in the Pasig River due to recent relocation of informal settlers in key areas of the

river. Meanwhile, all 25 rivers draining to Laguna de Bay fail to pass Class C criteria which

would have categorized them as fit for fisheries and secondary contact recreation.

The country is divided into 12 water resource regions coordinated by Water Resources

Regional Councils (WRRCs). A large number of central and local agencies are involved in the

governance of water resources with the following key institutions supporting it: (a) National

Economic Development Authority (NEDA), the country’s premier social and economic

development planning and policy coordinating body; (b) National Water Resources Board

(NWRB), the national apex body for water resources management and development; (c)

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), responsible for the conservation,

management, development and proper use of the country’s environment and natural resources;

and, (d) the River Basin Control Office (RBCO) (under DENR), responsible for management and

development of priority river basins.

The Philippines adopts an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) as a

process and approach to water resources management with broad emphasis to basin level

management in general and for specific priority basins in particular. The IWRM framework

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employs integrated and holistic strategies in order to harmonize and rationalize river basin plans

and programs. It also covers river basin in scope and strategies in order to achieve

manageable spatial boundaries for effective planning and river basin management. The

framework is supported by four supplemental framework components, namely: (a) Water

quality protection and monitoring; (b) information and decision support systems; (c) river and

coastal area protection and rehabilitation; and (d) river basin organizations and governance.

At the basin level, the national Integrated River Basin Management and Development

Framework Plan has been prepared by RBCO to provide guidance and directions for the action-

oriented planning at the basin level. Examples of IWRM-based projects and programs are

described in Table 2 below.

Table 2 : Some IWRM-based programs and projects

River Basins

Programs

Agusan River Basin The Master Plan for the Agusan River Basin Project was

completed in early 2009 by DENR with support from ADB.

One of the objectives was to review options for formation of

a River Basin Office (RBO).

Bicol River Basin The Bicol River Basin Water Management Office has been

formed in oeder to address the persistent

problem of rural poverty, with particular regard to

recurrent flooding and other issues. Tasks include flood

control and mitigation; water-related institutional

development and support to inter-sector coordination;

upgrading of irrigation systems; and watershed management.

Bohol Island Issuance of a Provincial Executive Order Establishing the

Bohol IWRM Board with representatives of a multitude of

sectors.

Creation of Watershed and Management Council – which

expanded the existing structure to cover the whole river

basin (upstream down to the coastal area)

Preparation of Water Supply Master Plan Study for Bohol

Island – to identify potential water supply source

Cagayan River Basin

The Cagayan River Basin Project Management Office is being

established under DENR, with responsibilities related to

environmental management, flood management, and

economic development

Cebu Island

No RBO at present

IWRM-based master planning initiated in 2009.

IWRM-based investment roadmap preparation initiated in

2009 on a pilot basin

for Central Cebu watersheds

Laguna Lake The Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) was formed

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in 1966 and is the oldest river basin organisation in the

Philippines. The Authority is responsible for the preservation,

development and sustainability of the Laguna de Bay and its

tributary rivers. It undertakes resource-related and

environmental

• policy formulation ad planning;

• development; and

• related regulation.

Its Board of Directors convenes representatives from central

and local government

bodies and the private sector.

Manila Bay River Basin

Formation of the Manila Bay River Basin Coordinating

Committee

Mindanao River Basin

Creation of a Presidential Task Force for the Mindanao River

Basin Rehabilitation and Development

Negros Island

Study of Raw Water Pricing piloted in two municipalities in

Negros Oriental. The objective is to test raw water pricing

modalities. It has been found that implementation is difficult

at the LGU level but less so at the basin level.

Creation of Negros Island IWRM Council in agreement

between the two provinces in order to manage the water

resources in the whole Negros Island.

Pampanga River Basin

Implementation of the ‘Study on IWRM for Poverty

Alleviation and Economic Development in the Pampanga

River Basin’ – aiming to prepare an IWRM plan and to

recommend on an institutional structure to manage the

basin

Source of basic data: RBCO-DENR, 2009.

Priority Rivers

Tables 3 and 4 show 19 priority rivers that have been selected for monitoring under the

Sagip Ilog Program. Using DO and BOD levels as indicators, these rivers are expected to show

improved water quality through a 30 percent increase in DO levels by 2010 using 2003 levels

as baseline.

Data for DO in 2010 show that 10 (roughly 50%) of the priority rivers have levels

conforming to the standard for the classification assigned to them. Note that in 2003, only

Cagayan de Oro River passed the standard for DO for Class A waters. In 2005, eight of the 19

priority rivers had DO levels within the standard. San Juan and Pasig Rivers had no monitoring

data for 2009 and 2010.

In terms of BOD, only four out of the 19 priority rivers conformed with the standards.

These are Anayan River and Malaguit River in Region V and Luyang River and Sapangdaku

River in Region VII.

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It should be noted that any improvement in DO and BOD levels will benefit aquatic

organisms which in turn will benefit other wildlife that are dependent on them.

Table 3 Dissolved Oxygen Levels for the 19 Priority rivers under the Sagip Ilog

Program

Region

Waterbody

Average DO (mg/L)

Class 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

III Meycauayan C - 1.23 0.45 0.00 5.05 2.48 4.15 2.61

Marilao River C 0.8 1.79 1.09 0.96 5.39 2.39 4.98 3.55

Bocaue River C 1.9 1.98 2.73 1.94 5.78 4.96 7.92 5.78

IV-A Imus River C 3.0 5.65 5.18 4.70 5.16 4.13 4.75 5.15

Ylang-ylang River C 4.5 4.11 4.83 5.07 4.47 3.97 4.57 5.13

IV-B Mogpog River C 4.9 5.67 7.15 7.85 7.49 - 8.02 5.89

Calapan River C 3.1 2.31 2.85 2.16 3.86 3.07 2.91 1.60

V Anayan River D - 5.44 5.65 6.67 5.92 6.50 6.28 5.09

Malaguit River C 4.6 4.12 5.75 6.29 6.56 7.43 7.49 6.88

Panique River C 2.7 5.52 5.60 7.85 7.08 6.87 7.37 6.92

VI Iloilo River C 4.2 4.51 4.88 5.30 5.36 4.47 3.91 4.01

VII Luyang River C - 7.88 7.57 7.50 7.86 6.86 4.08 5.75

Sapangdaku River C - 7.56 7.14 7.63 6.84 6.83 4.33 5.13

X Cagayan de Oro River A 8.6 - 8.13 - 8.27 8.13 8.76 8.15

CAR Balili River - 4.6 5.48 4.92 6.89 6.17 4.55 6.72 4.49

NCR Marikina River C 3.1 3.60 3.37 2.17 2.20 2.62 - 3.19

San Juan River C 2.4 2.88 2.69 1.05 1.63 1.85 - -

Parañaque River C 2.5 2.00 1.32 1.62 1.39 1.57 0.36 0.29

Pasig River C 3.1 1.56 2.14 2.50 2.41 3.15 - -

Source: EMB, 2011.

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Table 4: Biological Oxygen Demand levels of the nineteen priority rivers under the

Sagip-Ilog Program

Region

Waterbody

Average BOD (mg/L)

Class 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

III Meycauayan C 38.2 50.58 119.73 144.07 56.00 35.55 48.95 59.00

Marilao River C 32.3 22.50 41.47 21.92 21.17 11.09 8.21 24.00

Bocaue River C 12.2 8.75 6.40 7.19 8.83 11.84 6.31 11.00

IV-A Imus River C 5.65 7.50 9.47 9.10 10.13 11.09 18.68 12.00

Ylang-ylang River C 24.4 22.50 8.32 8.67 29.79 63.76 126.27 119.00

IV-B Mogpog River C - - - - - - - -

Calapan River C 4.1 7.32 15.46 5.14 5.88 3.83 5.33 14.00

V Anayan River D - 9.37 2.34 1.46 3.85 2.81 2.91 4.28

Malaguit River C - 5.69 0.74 3.00 2.73 - - 4.00

Panique River C - 4.41 2.64 1.47 1.05 - - -

VI Iloilo River C 2.4 4.29 3.36 2.13 3.64 4.35 6.40 12.00

VII Luyang River C - 2.38 2.04 1.13 2.31 1.36 2.48 4.00

Sapangdaku River C - 1.88 0.86 0.72 0.54 1.14 3.18 6.00

X Cagayan de Oro

River

A - - 1.26 - 4.00 2.00 1.14 -

CAR Balili River - - 14.75 31.83 23.33 25.36 37.44 7.04 37.00

NCR Marikina River C 18.2 19.30 12.13 15.03 25.43 18.18 - 31.46

San Juan River C 54.8 46.75 33.48 33.40 40.42 44.19 - -

Parañaque River C 42 45.67 29.46 40.96 39.90 38.20 53.31 38.00

Pasig River C 10.7 17.38 24.17 13.55 15.45 20.49 - -

Source: EMB, 2011.

Note: 1) DO Standard: > 5 mg/L for Class “AA to C” waters

3 mg/L for Class “D” waters

2) BOD Standard: < 5 mg/L for Class “A and B” waters

< 7 mg/L for Class “C” waters

10 mg/L for Class “D” waters

3) Priority rivers frequency of sampling: monthly

Marshes and Swamplands

Table 5 lists the major swamps and marshes in the country with Ligawasan Marsh in

Cotabato province as the largest in area at 220,000 hectares. Aside from Ligawasan Marsh, the

other more popular wetlands in this category are Agusan Marsh in Agusan del Sur and Candaba

Marsh in Central Luzon.

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Table 5. Major Swamps/Marshes in the Philippines.

Swamp/Marsh Location Area (has)

Candaba Swamp Bulacan and Pampanga

Provinces, Central Luzon

32,000

Lalaguna Lamon Bay, Quezon Province,

Luzon

400

Manlubas Swamp Camarines Norte, Southern

Luzon

unknown

Leyte-Sab-a Basin Leyte Island, Leyte Province 90,000

Hinunagan Rice

Paddies

Southeastern Coast of Leyte,

Southern Leyte Province

5,000

Agusan Marsh Agusan del Sur Province 90,000

Ligawasan Marsh North and South Cotabato

Provinces

220,000

Aju, San Dionisio &

Sara Wetlands

Panay Island, Iloilo Province 45,000

Ligawasan Marsh

Ligawasan Marsh is actually a conglomeration of three marshes: Ligawasan, Libungan

and Ebanan. It lies in the basin of Mindanao River in south-central Mindanao spanning the

provinces of Sultan Kudarat and North Cotabato in Central Mindanao and Maguindanao in the

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Fishing is the primary means of livelihood of

families in the marsh during periods of heavy rainfall when most of the area is underwater.

During dry season, however, some 140,000 hectares dry out and are cultivated.

Ligawasan Marsh is an important bird area and a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA #198).

About 30,000 hectares of the Marsh has been declared as a game refuge and bird sanctuary.

For many years, the main threat to the marsh was the conversion of marshes to rice

paddies and other agricultural uses. The Liguasan Marsh Freshwater Fisheries Project, a project

intended to increase fish production by constructing fish pens and cages in the area also involve

the conversion of large areas of marsh into aquaculture ponds and fish pens. Moreover,

quarrying activities for the production of fertilizers are likely to cause considerable disturbance

to this wetland.

In 1998, NEDA-Region XII prepared a Ligawasan Marsh Development Master Plan

(1999-2025) and recommended the designation of Ligawasan Marsh as a protected area.

Conservation efforts in the past were funded by donor organizations such as the UNDP-GEF

Small Grants Program (SGP) and the Foundation for the Philippine Environment (FPE) through

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its Ligawasan Marsh Integrated Conservation and Resource Management Project. Current

efforts include the National Program Support–Environment and Natural Resources Management

Project (NPS-ENRMP) for Ligawasan Marsh which aims to enhance ecosystem services for global

and local benefits through financing of integrated ecosystems management. Although

conservation initiatives are ongoing, initial research has not generated adequate information to

determine progress and outcomes of these efforts (PAWB, undated).

Candaba Swamp

The Candaba Swamp in Central Luzon is a vast complex of freshwater ponds, swamps

and marshes with surrounding areas of seasonally flooded grassland, arable land and palm

savanna on a vast alluvial flood plain. The entire area is usually flooded in the wet season, but

most of it dries out during the dry season (late November to April) and is converted into rice

fields and plantations of watermelons. It is an important area for agricultural and fisheries

production, water for irrigation, and natural flood retention.

This marshland is a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA #31) and is an extremely important

staging and wintering area for ducks, especially in October and November when the swamp

regularly supports thousands of birds. Annual waterbird census in Barangay Candating, Arayat

from 1990 to 2008 shows a considerable number of migratory species in the area. The two

most abundant species are Anas luzonica and A. querquedula; A. acuta is common,

and Dendrocygna arcuata, Porphyrio porphyrio, A. clypeata, Aythya ferina and A. fuligula occur

in significant numbers. The reed-beds at Candaba and in the surrounding areas are one of the

few known wintering areas of the Speckled Reed Warbler Acrocephalus sorghophilus, a very

local species which breeds in northeastern China. The marshes support breeding populations of

several Rallidae, notably Rallus zorquatus and Porphyrio porphyrio, and some ducks may breed.

In all, about 60 species of birds use the marsh for feeding and roosting.

The main area for waterfowl is an impoundment of about 300 ha, with a mixture of

open shallow water, small islands, and rafts of floating vegetation, adjacent to the Pampanga

River about nine km north of Baliuag. The impoundment is used as a fish pond during the rainy

season, and then drained in January or February to be used for agriculture. Candaba Swamp

acts as a natural flood retention basin holding wet season overflow from the Maasim, San

Miguel, Garlang, Bulu and Penaranda Rivers, and draining into the Pampanga River. The natural

retention capacity is estimated at approximately 1.5 billion cubic meters. The average depth of

water is 1-2m, and the maximum about 5m.

Candaba Swamp continues to be drained or converted to wet agriculture, hence severely

limiting habitat for waterfowls. Others have been converted into fishponds causing the

vegetation cover to be patchy. Siltation is apparent but can be controlled by ensuring that the

upland vegetation cover is adequate especially in the Sierra Madre Range. These wetlands are

mostly privately-owned with a very small part that is state-owned but has been classified as

“alienable and disposable” land thus posing a peculiar concern for conservation. Although a

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small portion of the swamp had been declared as a Bird Sanctuary and has become a popular

site for bird watching, there is a need to establish some overall protection (strategies) and to

manage water levels in order to maintain the services derived from this wetland.

2.2 Coastal and Marine Wetlands

Coastal and marine wetland ecosystems consist of coral reefs, mangroves, beach and

beach forest, soft bottom communities including tidal flats, estuaries and seagrass beds, and

open water areas.

Mangrove Forests

Forty of the 54 mangrove species in the world are found in the Philippines. As of 2009,

mangrove cover is pegged at 282,044 hectares (still subject to ground validation). There are

current efforts to expand the coverage and strengthen the protection of mangrove areas in the

country. This may suggest improvement of habitats for species that are mangrove dependent

and consequently contribute to increase in fisheries stock and livelihoods.

Coral Reefs

Only 5 per cent of the estimated 27,000 square kilometers of coral reef cover in the

country is in excellent condition. A recent study indicated that although better reefs can still be

found in Celebes Sea, Sulu Sea and the Visayas Biogeographic Region, Philippine coral reefs as

a whole may be experiencing a steady state of decline (from 5% to 3% to >1%) (Nañola,

2006).

Recent biophysical monitoring data from selected MPA (Marine Protected Area) and non-

MPA sites in 52 municipalities/cities in 31 provinces using hard coral cover, fish abundance and

biomass as indicators showed an overall declining trend. This is especially true in non-MPA

areas. In the South China Sea Region, average hard coral cover for both MPA and non-MPA

sites did not show much change, albeit there was a higher percentage of coral cover observed

in MPA sites. The Visayan Sea and Sulu Sea Regions showed a slightly decreasing trend in fish

abundance while the South China Sea region showed an increasing trend. Outside MPAs,

however, there was a general decrease in trend except for Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea regions,

which remain stable. Using fish biomass, the Sulu Sea MPA sites showed a decreasing trend,

the Visayan Sea showed an increasing trend while the South China Sea region remained stable.

Many of the non-MPA sites in this study site remained stable (Gonzales et al., 2008).

Seagrass Beds

The Philippines has the second highest seagrass diversity in the world contributing about

19 species or about 55 percent of the number of species in East Asia. In the past five decades,

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about 30-40 percent of seagrass areas in the Philippines have been lost. Recent data shows

that seagrasses in the country are distributed over an area of about 27, 282 sq km (Fortes,

2008). Seagrass beds are important wetlands as they are habitats to important species like the

Dugong dugong. Although they are believed to be the least studied among tropical coastal

ecosystems, efforts to showcase successful conservation strategies are showcased in a

demonstration site established in Bolinao, Pangasinan and in a seagrass sanctuary in Narra,

Palawan.

Challenges

Major threats to marine ecosystems and resources include: (1) human-induced and direct

stresses on species and ecosystems such as deforestation, expanding human settlements, water

pollution, overfishing and the use of destructive fishing methods; (2) those that can be

attributed to climate change such as coral bleaching, eutrophication, dredging, siltation and

sedimentation, nutrient loading, and sea level rise.

Below are some of the major gaps in addressing the threats to coastal and marine wetlands:

a) Biodiversity Data Gaps

- Lack of comprehensive data to better understand the state biodiversity of the selected

coastal and marine ecosystems

b) Poor implementation of national laws and policies affecting the species and ecosystem

diversity

c) On Integrated Coastal Management (ICM)

- Disparity in the capacity among government agencies and coastal municipalities on the

implementation of ICM plans: LGUs are expected to bear the cost of ICM

implementation. Conflicts arise when some LGUs refused to allocate funds for ICM plan

preparation and implementation

d) Capacity Building on ecotourism planning and management ; adaptation to climate

change;

e) Poor enforcement of coastal laws

f) Lack of land-based livelihood projects to limit extraction/utilization of marine products

thereby giving chance for coastal habitats to recover

Conservation Measures Implemented

One of the major strategies being implemented to manage threats to coastal and marine

resources is Integrated Coastal Management (ICM). ICM addresses the interlinkages among

associated watersheds, estuaries and inland wetlands, and coastal seas by all relevant national

and local agencies, civil society and the private sector. ICM involves strategies on habitat,

fisheries, shoreline, and waste management, enterprise and livelihood development, sustainable

coastal tourism, coastal zoning, legal and institutional development, and risk/coastal hazard

management.

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An important strategy for ICM in the Philippines is the establishment of Marine Protected

Areas (MPA) to increase fish stock and prevent overfishing. These are established via a local

ordinance through the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act (RA 7586 ) or

through the Fisheries Code (RA 8550).

As of 2009, mangrove cover is pegged at 282,044 hectares (still subject to ground

validation). Under the Mangrove Nursery Establishment and Reforestation Program,

identification of areas for rehabilitation in priority municipalities have been undertaken. In

2009, 2,000 hectares have been identified under the Upland Development Program. In 2010,

7,500 have been identified under the DENR-GPOA. PAWB-CMMO, together with the other

concerned bureau/agencies, is currently reviewing existing policies and laws concerning

mangrove. Guidelines for proper and effective mangrove rehabilitation and validation are also

currently being developed.

The importance of preserving coastal habitats and other marine resources is also a

priority strategy for managing threats to coastal wetlands. Initiatives towards this end include

the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecosystem and the Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor. Moreover,

the Philippine National Seagrass Conservation Strategy and Action Plan, an integrated approach

to address seagrass-related issues and concerns was published by the Philippine National

Seagrass Committee in 2007.

The DENR-PAWB Pawikan Conservation Project (PCP) proposes that foraging habitats of

marine turtles should be declared as Critical Habitats pursuant to the Wildlife Resources

Conservation and Protection Act of 2001 (RA 9147).

There are also interventions to enhance adaptation of coastal and marine sector to

climate change. Of note is the UNDP-managed joint program on Strengthening the Philippines’

Institutional Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change (2008-2010) which aims for the Development

of national framework strategies for climate change. It also proposed full protection and

management of at least 30 percent of the coastal and marine ecosystems to increase resilience

of coastal environment against climate change.

On 18 December 2008, the Supreme Court issued a mandamus that ordered all

concerned agencies to coordinate in the clean-up, restoration, and preservation of Manila Bay,

in line with the country’s development objective to attain economic growth in a manner

consistent with the protection, preservation, and revival of marine waters. The issuance of the

mandamus stemmed from the complaint filed by the Concerned Residents of Manila Bay on the

alleged inaction of government to improve the bay’s condition. The petitioners include the

Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR), Department of Education (DepEd), Department of Health (DOH),

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Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH),

Department of Budget and Management ((DBM), Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), the Philippine

National Police Maritime Group, and the Department of the Interior and Local Government

(DILG) (http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/news/courtnews%20flash/2008/12/12180801.php / Posted:

December 18, 2008. Jay B. Rempillo). The Supreme Court ordered the immediate clean-up and

rehabilitation of Manila Bay upon the resolution dated 15 February 2011 through the

“continuing mandamus” to clean up and conserve the bay. Quarterly progress reports from the

concerned agencies were required by the Supreme Court. As a result, more projects were

implemented to address the three urgent concerns for Manila Bay rehabilitation: (1) informal

settlers along waterways; (2) solid waste management; and (3) liquid waste management.

The development of ecotourism in the country contributed to the wetland conservation

efforts.

Recommendations

• Harmonization of efforts, sustained management interventions and strengthened

stakeholder support

• Comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of protected area management and other

policies

• Integration of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in the school curricula at all

levels

• Efficient and effective information dissemination

• Exploration of innovative financing options

• Reduction of coastal and marine emerging pressures through adaptive management

Examples of Critical Coastal Habitats

Las Piňas – Paraňaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA)

The Las Piňas – Paraňaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA) is located

on the western side of the Aguinaldo Highway (Coastal Road) and is bounded on the north by

the Paraňaque River and on the South by the Las Piňas River. LLPCHEA is a small portion of

Manila Bay which is one of the most important bodies of water in the country. The area is about

1.75 square kilometers (175 hectares) consisting of mangroves, mudflats and diverse avifauna.

Its declaration as a critical habitat was based on the findings that it harbors a diverse species of

birds both migratory and residents.

The importance of LLPCHEA transcends beyond its physical and geographical

boundaries. The area has around 30 hectares of mangroves with eight species which is the

most densely distributed patch within Manila Bay. Adjacent to the mangroves are mudflats of

about 114 hectares. These mangroves serve as roosting and nesting of birds while the

mudflats serve as feeding grounds. As such, it is an attraction to bird enthusiasts both local

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and foreign. This makes the area a suitable ecotourism site. It is the only area of such

ecological integrity within an urban setting in the country.

The area hosts at least 5,000 heads of migratory birds and an important component of

the East Asian – Australasian Flyway. Most significant is the presence in the area of at least 1

per cent of the population of Greenshank and 10 per cent of the population of Black-winged

Stilt within the East Asian – Australasian Flyway. Recent data recorded by the DENR indicates

52 species of birds in the area while the Wild Bird Club of the Philippines has recorded more

than 100, also in the same area. Both records show the presence of the Philippine Duck, a

vulnerable species and Chinese Egret, an endangered species.

In the 2004 Asian Waterbird Census (AWC), the area ranked ninth nationwide in terms

of number of individuals and ranked second in terms of number of species. At that time, it was

known as Paraňaque Wetlands to birdwatchers.

LPPCHEA is the first critical habitat established in the country by virtue of Presidential

Proclamation No. 1412 entitled “Establishing a Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area within the

Coastal Lagoon of Las Piñas and Parañaque” dated April 22, 2007. It was amended on January

31, 2008 by Presidential Proclamation 1412-A which directs all relevant departments and

instrumentalities under the executive branch to ensure the preservation of existing mangrove,

mudflats and ecosystems in the area that supports natural ecological functions. It also directs

the DENR to convene and chair a Manila Bay Critical Habitat Management Council.

Consistent with Proclamation 1412-A, an Interim Manila Bay Critical Habitat

Management Council was created with a corresponding Technical Working Group (TWG). The

Council and TWG are chaired by the RED and RTD for PAWCZMS of DENR - National Capital

Region respectively. The Council is interim in nature since it had to be created through an

Administrative Order by the DENR Secretary.

The area has a Framework Plan that is envisioned to guide its development. Among the

planned development in the area are the following: (a) Enrichment Planting with Mangroves

and Beach Type Species; (b) Construction of View Towers; (c) Infrastructure Development for

Offices; (d) Construction of Observation Hides; (e) Establishment of Nature Trails; (f)

Construction of Boardwalks; and (g) Provision of Access Road. Priority activities that are

planned to be undertaken include: (a) Operationalization of the Manila Bay Critical Habitat and

Ecotourism Management Council; (b) Conduct of Ecological Profiling and Characterization; (c)

Conduct of Vulnerability Assessment; (d) Drafting of a Management/Development Plan; (e)

Conduct of Capability Building; (f) Biodiversity Enhancement of the Area; (g) Continuous Clean

Up and Maintenance of the Area; and (h) Setting Up of Directional Signs.

Being a peri-urban wetland, commercial interests to develop the area is one of the most

pressing threats to LPPCHEA. On top of this, the national government through the Philippine

Reclamation Authority plans to reclaim 635 hectares in front of the sanctuary. This has created

a stir among concerned citizens who opposed the project saying that the lagoon will be cut off

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from Manila Bay should its surroundings be reclaimed. Mangroves would eventually die due to

lack of saltwater which may lead to the breakdown of the ecosystem in the area. Should the

reclamation project push through and obstruct the area where Manila Bay and the rivers meet,

it is feared that flooding might be experienced in the nearby communities

(http://www.worldweatherpost.com/2011/05/29/floods-feared-from-reclamation-project-in-las-

pinas-paranaque-lagoon/). Another grave concern is the relentless dumping of solid and liquid

wastes which continues to worsen the condition of Manila Bay including the LLPCHEA .

(http://www.earthislandph.org/content/article/coastal-clean-911-freedom-island-las-pinas-

paranaque-critical-habitat-eco-tourism).

Cabusao Wetland Critical Habitat

The Cabusao Wetland Critical Habitat was declared by virtue of DENR Administrative

Order 2011-10 issued on August 23, 2011 to protect the habitat and population of the endemic

and threatened Anas luzonica (Philippine duck) along with the other species of wild fauna and

flora. The area covers 26.93 hectares located in Barangays Pandan and Biong in the

municipality of Cabusao, Camarines Sur.

DAO 2011-10 tasks DENR-Region 5 to delineate the boundaries of this critical habitat. It

also provides that the area will be managed by the DENR-Region 5 in partnership with the local

government of Cabusao and/or other concerned organizations. DENR-Region 5 will also ensure

the preservation of existing ecosystems and safeguard the area’s ecological integrity to support

the existence of the Philippine duck. They are also mandated to jointly prepare and implement

a Critical Habitat Management Plan to address management issues and strategies, including the

enforcement of applicable environmental laws and prohibited acts under RA 9147 such as waste

dumping, mineral extraction, quarrying, burning and logging.

The declaration is a timely intervention considering the many threats to this critical

habitat including a proposed magnetite sand mining in the same area by a Korean-American

Mining firm.

2.3 Other Wetland Types

Peatlands

Peatlands are wetland ecosystems characterized by the accumulation of organic matter

called “peat” which derives from dead and decaying plant material under high water saturation

conditions (CC-GAP, 2005). Peatlands have been confirmed in Sab-a basin in Leyte and Agusan

Marsh in Mindanao. Information indicates that peat is also probably present in Ligawasan Marsh

in Mindanao, Dolongan area in Basey, Samar, Southern Leyte, Mt. Pulag in Northern Luzon,

Surigao del Norte, Northeastern Mindanao, and Naujan Lake Marshland (National Action Plan on

the Sustainable use and Protection of Peatlands. DENR 2008). These areas are being assessed,

validated and mapped as part of the the targeted activities for CY 2010 and 2011 under the

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Philippine Component of the ASEAN Peatland Forests Project, being facilitated by Protected

Areas and Wildlife Bureau.

The Sab-a Basin is a west-east elongated basin close to the north coast of Leyte

separated by a metamorphic ridge. The total area is approximately 3,088 ha, about 44% of

which has been reclaimed for agriculture. The remaining unutilized peatland (1,740 ha) in the

eastern half of the basin consists of small remnant areas of swamp forest and sedge/grass

peat swamp (ADB, 2000). The two smaller peat basins in the area (Daguitan, 210 ha and

Kapiwaran, 430 ha) have mostly been converted to agricultural land.

The Agusan Marsh may hold the largest area of peatland in the Philippines. At present,

there is no reliable estimate of the area as well as the distribution of peat within the marsh.

Two areas of peatland within the marsh have been confirmed – the first one is found at the

northern part of Bunawan, where most of the vegetation have been cleared and burned. The

other is found at the west of Caimpugan and exhibits the characteristics of a peat dome where

the forest is mostly intact except those near the Gibong River. There may be other areas

of peat within the marsh, especially in the Terminalia copelandii/Metroxylon sagu forests at the

northwest portion of the marsh.

A National Action Plan for the Sustainable Use and Protection of Philippine Peatlands

have been prepared in 2009 under the framework of the ASEAN Peatland Management

Strategy focusing on (1) awareness raising and capacity-building; (2) protecting peatlands with

high conservation values; (3) setting-up of appropriate institutional structure; and (4)

developing sustainable peatlands management strategies. This document is integral to the

National Wetland Action Plan for the Philippines.

Caves

Caves are natural underground voids, cavities or systems of interconnected passages

large enough to permit a human to enter. They also include smaller spaces like rock shelters,

sea caves, and grottos. Enriched with important historical, cultural, biological and ecological

values, they are home to specialized mineral formations, as well as unique and diverse flora and

fauna. They also provide habitat to some of the country’s endangered animals which make

them crucial for biodiversity conservation. In the Philippines, there’s a total of 44 species of

bats, birds, reptiles and frogs recorded dwelling in caves wherein at least 23 species are

endemic.

In the country, there are more than 1,500 identified caves, although experts believe

there are still more that are yet to be explored and mapped. Some of the impressive and exotic

caves in the world are located in the country. Listed under the World Heritage Site, the St. Paul

Subterranean River in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, has a spectacular limestone karst landscape

and an 8.2 kilometer navigable underground river. The Tabon Caves Complex, on the other

hand, is where fossilized human remains were excavated, with the other artifacts that are

believed to have existed during the Ice Age dating to 47,000 years ago. Four caves were also

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proclaimed under the NIPAS Act with the Protected landscape category. These are: Peñablanca

Protected Landscape (Tuguegarao, Cagayan), Pamitinan Protected Landscape (Rodriguez, Rizal)

Calbiga Protected Landscape (Northern Samar) and Banahaw San Cristobal Protected

Landscape (Quezon and Laguna).

Due to increased collection of cave resources and different human intervention, caves

are critically in danger despite their significance. Formation of such caves takes centuries which

makes them worth protecting.

Under Republic Act 9072, otherwise known as the “National Caves and Cave Resources

Management and Protection Act of 2001”, the Department of Environment and Natural

Resources is tasked to formulate, develop and implement a national program for the

management, protection and conservation of caves and cave resources, with the cave

coordinating agencies -- the National Museum, National Historical Institute, the Department of

Tourism, and Local Government Units concerned.

In support of RA 9072, several policies were issued which include: (a) Cave Act

Implementing Rules and Regulations (DAO 2003-29); (b) Cave Classification Guidelines and

Manual (DMC 2007-04); and (c) Guidelines in Treasure Hunting in Caves (DAO 2007-34). Draft

policies on Cave Ecotourism and Edible Birds Nest Collection are also being reviewed jointly with

other cave coordinating agencies.

Additionally, there is an annual event called the National Caving Congress organized by

the Philippine Speleological Society Incorporated (PSSI). Being participated in by the DENR and

concerned organizations, the Cave Congress has been an important venue for sharing of ideas

and information exchange among the organizations involved in cave conservation and

management. After the 11th National Caving Congress, a management plan for the caves has

already been submitted to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The next

step is to start following it in order to ensure the conservation of the caves and their natural

features.

2.4 The Ramsar Sites of the Philippines: Wetlands of International Importance

Agusan Marsh

The Agusan Marsh is located almost at the center of the Agusan River Basin between

80°0’ and 8°30’ north latitude and 125°40’ and 126°05’ east longitude. It is the catchment

basin for waters flowing from the surrounding areas of Compostela Valley, Agusan del Norte

and Agusan del Sur, and Bukidnon. It is comprised of a vast complex of freshwater marshes

and water courses including 59 lakes that collectively act as holding water basin for floodwaters

that regularly inundate the Agusan Valley during the northeast monsoon. It covers eight (8)

municipalities in the province of Agusan del Sur namely: Talacogon, San Francisco, Rosario,

Bunawan, Sta. Josefa, Veruela, Loreto and La Paz.

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The Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (AMWS) is one of the most significant wetlands in

the Philippines. It was one of the initial components of the NIPAS and is listed as a wetland of

international importance under the Ramsar Convention (site No. 1009, effective Nov. 12, 1999).

The AMWS has a total area of about 658 sq km of which only about 192 sq km had been

declared as a protected area. An additional 409 sq km is presently being proposed for

protection pending approval by the Philippine Congress under House Bill No. 176 and Senate Bill

1071.

The AMWS is one of the most important biodiversity sites in the country and is

considered as a Key Biodiversity Area (site #180). This particular KBA covers 1.6 percent of the

total land area of the province of Agusan del Sur. The AMWS is the habitat of several species

of wild ducks, herons, egrets and other migratory waterfowls as well as other rare and

threatened bird species, the Philippine crocodile and other endemic animal and plant species. It

harbors threatened species of flora and fauna including 31 endemic and 7 threatened species

(Conservation International, 2010).

As a wetland ecosystem, the AMWS provides a wide range of ecological functions and

services that benefits the Agusan River Basin as well as the greater global ecosystems. The

AMWS serves as holding area for waters that flow into Agusan River and its tributaries that are

in turn are used for domestic, agricultural and power generating purposes. Wetlands such as

the AMWS also play a big role in recharging of aquifers and as natural flood control

mechanisms. There are numerous sources of food both for humans and the animals that live in

the marshlands. AMWS is an important habitat for wildlife including threatened species and is

an important nesting site for migratory and resident birds. Nutrients from the AMWS are

transported via the Agusan River to Butuan Bay benefiting coastal and marine organisms in the

biodiversity corridors of global significance within the Coral Triangle. Wetlands such as the

AMWS are important carbon sinks, but when disturbed, releases large amounts of greenhouse

gases to the atmosphere. This underscores the importance of managing the peat forest at

Caimpugan which is found within the AMWS and is one of the very few known peat forest in the

country.

Unfortunately, this unique ecosystem is being threatened by a wide range of issues and

problems that compromise the ability of the AMWS to sustain these important ecological

functions and services. Among these are: pollution from mining operations upstream and the

introduction of exotic and invasive species such as janitor fish (Pterygoplichthys sp.), the

Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and water hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes); erosion

and siltation due to mining operations and deforestation occurring largely upstream; illegal

destructive practices such as hunting and trapping of wildlife species; timber poaching;

conversion of marshlands to paddy cultivation and oil palm plantation; poor agricultural

practices such as monocropping; poor management of solid waste; lack of proper sanitation

facilities and potable water supply in the floating communities in the Marsh. On top of these,

there are serious management and institutional concerns that have to be addressed so that

24

AMWS will be able to maintain or improve its ecological integrity. Examples of these are

improving the capacity of the PAMB and the IPs and other key stakeholders in managing this

important ecosystem, and provision of alternative livelihood to reduce pressure on the

resources of the AMWS, among others.

To date, the AMWS has not delineated the prescribed management zoning for protected

areas which is a basic management tool for resource allocation. In-migration has likewise

increased adding more pressure to the marsh ecosystem. There is low awareness about the

importance of the AMWS among the stakeholders, thus participation in management and

decision-making is also compromised. The effects of climate change is fast becoming an

emerging issue since it is already affecting weather patterns that makes it difficult for the locals

to decide when to plant, and to predict and adapt to flooding in the marsh.

These threats therefore have to be addressed in the most urgent manner to ensure the

ecological integrity of the AMWS in order that the functions and services it provides will be sustained.

There are several interventions that are aimed towards the conservation of wetlands in

the country and some are directly related to AMWS. These are in the form of legislations, rules

and regulations, management and development plans, projects and activities. The centerpiece

legislation for the conservation of AMWS is embodied in the NIPAS Law. Other important

legislations include the Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act (RA 9147,) the Indigenous

Peoples Rights Act (IPRA or RA 8371), the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, and the Water

Code of the Philippines (PD 1067). There is also the Agusan del Sur Environment Code of 2007.

In addition, the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary Management Plan for 2005-2010 provides the

blueprint for the conservation activities in this protected area.

In the recently completed Agusan River Basin Integrated Water Resources Management (ARBIWRM) Project funded by the Asian Development Bank, a sub-project focused on biodiversity enhancement in the AMWS attempted to identify the components of an updated AMWS as follows:

• Species and Habitat Protection and Rehabilitation • Nature Tourism Activities and Community Livelihood • Communication, Education, Participation and Awareness • Capacity Building • Health, Water and Sanitation • Community-Based Solid Waste Management • Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation • Project Management and Sustainable Financing

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Naujan Lake National Park

Naujan Lake is the fifth largest lake in the Philippines. It is found in the northeast coast

of the province of Oriental Mindoro; the Mindoro Island is in itself considered a discrete

biogeographical region. The lake is 14 kilometers long and 6 kilometers wide and is bounded by

the municipalities of Naujan, Pola, Victoria and Socorro. The lake is home to rich ethnic and

cultural diversity. The population is composed of the Mangyans, indigenous people of Mindoro

including the Tadyawan tribe in the area of the lake, and the “damuong” or non-Mangyans.

Naujan Lake is a wetland known for its rich biodiversity. Protected fish species such as

Mugil dussumieri, Caranx sexfasciagus and Lutianus argentimaculojus, and harvestable species

such as Chanos chanos, Ophicephalus striatus, Glossogobius giurus, Clarias batrachus, Tilapia

mossambica and Gourami spp are found here.

The lake is an important feeding or wintering ground for large numbers of ducks and

other waterbirds such as herons, egrets, terns, rails and bitterns. The rare Amaurornis

olivaceous is a resident-breeding species found in the area. There are three bird (sub) species

endemic to the island, namely Ninox mindorensis, Sarcops calvus and Penelopides panini

mindorensis. Other important species that thrive here include Tachybaptus ruficollis, Ardea

purpurea, Dendrocygna arcuata, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus, and Sterna albifrons. Wintering

waterfowl include Ixobrychus sinensis, Aythya fuligula and Fulica atra. The raptors, Haliasfur

indus intermedius, Haliaeetus leucogaster, and the kingfisher Halcyon chioris collaris are also

seen in this lake.

The endemic Philippine Crocodile Crocodylus mindorensis, a critically endangered

freshwater crocodile, was recorded, but may now be extinct on Mindoro. Other endemic species

found in Naujan Lake are the amphibian Rana magna, and the mammal Ptenochirus jagori. A

total of 5 amphibians, 12 reptiles, 68 birds (of which at least 15 are waterbird species), 13

mammals and 14 fish species have been recorded. Five fish species have been identified as

migratory fishes.

Naujan Lake supports 17 lakeshore communities that surround it. The local community

primarily uses the lake as a communal fishing ground, where fishing is the primary source of

livelihood. Milkfish, mullet, goby and mudfish (Chanos chanos. Mugil sp, Glossogobius giurus

and Ophicephalus striazus) and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica, T. nilotica,), carp Cyprinus carpio

are harvested here. Other species caught are freshwater prawn Macrobrachium sp, and the

freshwater snails Ampullaria luzonica, Vivipara angularis.

Some of the marshes are cleared for rice plantation. Some adjacent marshlands remain

under grass and sedge, wherein the dense growth of Scirpus sp. is being collected as used for

weaving baskets. Duck-raising industry is a profitable business that thrives in the surrounding

area, along with some cultivation of fruit trees and coconuts.

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The lake is also an essential source of water for drinking, laundry, bathing and irrigation.

The lake has a great potential for tourism. The dense cover serves as habitat for resident and

migratory waterfowls; the presence of such wildlife adds to the value of the lake as a

recreational area.

The lake is a productive freshwater fishing site. It is also the central feature of Naujan

Lake National Park established in 1956, which comprises a 2,175-hectare area of marshes and

forest. It has been included as one of the initial components of the National Integrated

Protected Areas System pursuant to the NIPAS Act of 1992.

The lake is a designated Ramsar Site, a wetland of international importance, because of

its biodiversity, its substantial numbers of waterfowls and its critical role in the migratory birds

flyway path.

However, the increasing human population has put a stress on the natural resources of

the lake. Intensive fishing continuously comes in conflict between preserving the National Park

for wildlife and development of the area for commercial and subsistence level activities by the

local residents. Further, large animals continue to be caught, including the small population of

crocodiles.

Lake Naujan has its share of problems with respect to safeguarding the ecological

integrity of the basin. Because of the increasing human population in the area, the demand on

the lake's natural resources has grown rapidly. Fishing is intensive and there is continuing

conflict between preserving the lake for wildlife and development of the area for commercial

and subsistence level activities by the local residents. The privately owned fish corral built at the

mouth of the Butas River with Government approval constitutes a major threat. Its massive

door is opened during high tide and then closed, blocking the exit of marine species in their

migration to the sea to breed. The small population of crocodiles, although protected by law,

continues to be exploited; fishermen catch young crocodiles on fishing lines and large animals

are killed in nets.

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP) lies in the middle of the Sulu Sea and covers an

area of almost 100,000 hectares of high quality marine habitats containing three atolls and a

large area of deep sea which contains about 10,000 hectares of coral reefs. It is located at the

apex of the Coral Triangle. The reef ecosystem support over 359 species of corals (equivalent

to about 80% of all coral species in the Philippines), 600 species of fish, seven species of

seagrass, 66 species of algae , two species of marine turtles, 13 species of sharks, and 13

species of cetaceans. Rays and skates are likewise commonly seen around the reefs. Pelagics

such as tuna, mackerel, jacks and barracudas are commonly observed in schools near the reef

27

crests. (RIS 2009-2012) Its white-tip reef shark population is comparatively denser than that of

the Great Barrier Reef and the reefs of Cocus Keeling Islands (Walker and Palomar-Abesamis,

2005).

Included in the Park is the 1.1-hectare Bird Islet which is also the rookery and breeding

ground of seven seabird species. In the Southeast Asian context, TRNP represents the only

known breeding area of the Philippine endemic subspecies of Black Noddy (Anous minutus

worcestri ), one out of about four major remaining breeding areas of Sooty Tern and Brown

Noddy, and it was the last known breeding area of Masked Booby in the Philippines, and

probably in Southeast Asia. Most of the seabird species breeding at the Tubbataha Reefs can be

considered threatened at national or regional levels. One globally critically endangered

migratory seabird species also occur, namely the Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi

(Jensen, 2008).

TRNP plays a key role in the process of reproduction, dispersal and colonization by

marine organisms in the whole Sulu Sea system, and helps support fisheries outside its

boundaries. Campos et al. (2007) showed that the TRNP serves as an important source as well

as sink for both fish and coral larvae. The connectivity study further noted that these larvae

eventually feed the fisheries of various communities lining the Sulu Sea. Moreover, a study done

by Villanoy et al. (2002) describes the Sulu Sea as a type of transition area between the South

China and Sulawesi Seas. Strong horizontal wind variations from the Mindoro Strait, Balabac

Strait and Sulu archipelago, at times, create upwelling and downwelling events that influence

primary productivity and thus has a large effect on the concentration and distribution of fishes

and other marine life including cetaceans inside the TRNP.

TRNP is state-owned and there are no communities living within Park boundaries.

However, marine park rangers stationed at the Park stay at the ranger station on a 2-month

rotation. With relatively abundant marine life, the park fell victim to fishing overexploitation

and abuse in the late 1980’s because of the decline of fisheries in other parts of the country.

This coincided with the increased use of motorized boats and destructive fishing techniques to

maximize catch. These prompted the late President Corazon Aquino to declare Tubbataha Reef

as the Philippines’ first national marine park on August 11, 1988. It was later expanded to

include Jessie Beazley reef through Presidential Proclamation 1126. The park has been

designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. TRNP is under the jurisdiction of the Province of

Palawan, which is a Man and Biosphere Reserve. The TRNP Act of 2009 or Republic Act 10067

has been passed into law last 6 April 2010 specifically recognizing the outstanding universal

value of the park by upholding the no-take policy and providing stiffer penalties for violators.

Recently, TRNP was nominated to be in the new seven wonders of nature.

TRNP falls within the jurisdiction of the Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR) and the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD). It is covered

by the TRNP Act of 2009 supplemented by two national statutes, the National Integrated

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Protected Areas System Act of 1992 under the DENR, and the Strategic Environmental Plan Law

for Palawan of 1992 under the PCSD.

TRNP is managed under a no-take policy. The only uses allowed are tourism, for

revenue generation, and research. The surrounding areas of TRNP are open to fishing. Despite

this, a decline in species population in the Park was continuously observed. Research showed

that from 2006 to 2008, there was a decline of about 80 per cent in the population of Trochus

niloticus, a protected shell species. There was also a decline in coral cover of about 18 per cent

observed between 1998 and 1999 as a result of the El Niño phenomenon which ravaged coral

reefs around the world. Coral cover increased somewhat in the succeeding years and despite

decreases in some years, the trend remains positive. However, in 2007, crown-of-thorns starfish

infestation was observed and continues to this day. An infestation of this duration has not been

observed before and fears of climate change-related factors increase the apprehension of park

managers. Manual removal and sodium bisulfate injections are methods used to control the

population.

The first management plan for the TRNP was first developed in 1995 and has completed

the cycle three times. In view of the recent passage of the TRNP Act of 2009 (Republic Act

10067, the current management plan is due for updating this year (January 2011) and will

include management considerations for the 10-nautical mile buffer zone.

To effectively conserve and protect the park, the Tubbataha Protected Area

Management Board (TPAMB) and the Tubbataha Management Office (TMO) were established.

Established in 1999, TPAMB is composed of members from the national and local government

and private sector and serves as the policy-making body for the Tubbataha Reefs. The TMO on

the other hand serves as the TPAMB’s executive arm, carrying out day-to-day park

administration. Their programs include conservation management and awareness, ecosystem

research and monitoring, and sustainable resource management.

An NGO-member of the PAMB, WWF-Philippines has conducted an Annual Ecosystem

Research and Monitoring for the past 10 years. Other research initiatives include a monthly

seabird census, turtle tagging and monitoring, and recording of sightings of large predators

such as sharks and cetaceans. These are all being conducted by marine park rangers who have

been trained to undertake such activities.

Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary

The Olango Island Group is a group of islands found in the Central Visayas region of the

Philippines composed of Olango Island and six islets. The six neighboring islets are: Sulpa,

Gilutongan, Nalusuan, Caohagan, Pangan-an, and Camungi. They are bounded by continuous

fringing reefs (steep reef wall on the west and sloping reef at the east coast of Olango) and

reef flats.

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Located five kilometers east of Mactan Island, Olango Island and its satellite islets lies

between the Bohol Strait to the south and the Camotes Sea to the north. To the east is the

Olango Channel while to the west is the Gilutungan Channel. The islands are low-lying with

elevation reaching no more than 10 meters above sea level.

Olango Island Group has a total land area of approximately 10.3 square kilomenters

(1,030 hectares). The reef flat-lagoon surrounding the island of Olango is considered one of the

most extensive reef areas in the Central Visayas. A total of 4,482 hectares of extensive sandy

beach, rocky shoreline, inshore flats, seagrass beds, coral reefs, mangrove forest, mudflats, and

salt marsh grass surround Olango and its satellite islets.

At the center of these islands is a vast tidal flat, which includes the 920-hectare area of

the Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary (OIWS). Mangroves are the primary vegetation in the

sanctuary with about 537 hectares. There are 33 species of true mangroves and associates

found in the area with Rhizophora, Avicennia, Lumnitzera and Osbornia as the most dominant

species. The sanctuary hosts about 8 species of seagrasses and 72 species of macrobenthic

algae with Cymodocea and Thalassia as the most abundant species. There are 103 species of

scleractinian (reef building) corals, 4 non-scleractinian (non-reef building) species and 4 soft

coral species that are recorded in Olango Island. Although it is believed that live coral cover is

still 50 per cent in the deeper portions of the Reef in Barangay Pang-an, monitoring data by

DENR-7 revealed that the surrounding coral reefs in the sanctuary is assessed as “poor” with

estimated live coral cover of just about 20.75 percent. CRMP in 2001 reported a total count of

144 species of fish distributed among 25 families.

Olango Island is also one of the Important Bird Area (IBA) in the Philippines (Mallari,

2001). The OIWS is a critical stopover of thousands of birds traveling the East Asian Migratory

Flyway. Included in these “travelers” are a number of endangered and threatened bird species.

These birds come to this waterfowl haven to escape the fierce winters in northern Asia. There

are 97 species of birds in Olango, 48 of which are migratory species, while the rest are resident

birds of the island. OIWS hosts more than half of the 77 species of migratory birds that use the

East-Asian Austral-Asian flyways. Among the frequent guests are Chinese egrets, Asiatic

dowitchers, Eastern curlews, plovers, sanpipers, Black-tailed Godwit and Red Knot.

Also sharing with them the sunshine and mild climate of the island are the human

residents of ten barangays. Mainly farmers and fishermen, the community has been active in

their involvement in the conservation program of the government and the management of the

island. The island group is part of the Cebu Province and is under the jurisdiction of the City of

Lapu-Lapu and the Municipality of Cordova. The OIWS is within the Barangays of Lapu-lapu

City namely San Vicente, Sabang, Santa Rosa and Pangan-an.

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The unique biodiversity of life on and around Olango has made President Corazon

Aquino declare the 920 hectares area in Olango (at an approximate center point: 10o16' N

124o03' E) a protected area under Proclamation No. 903 on May 14, 1992. It was also included

in the list of wetlands recognized by the Ramsar Convention as Wetlands of International

Importance - designated on 01 July 1994, Ramsar Site No. 656.

The prolonged use of cyanide and blast fishing, as well as overfishing, has all but

decimated that fishery resource base of Olango. As a result, fishers there have to travel farther

and farther out to catch anything of substantial value. This has earned them the ill reputation of

being nomadic fishers prone to wanton use of destructive fishing methods, particularly cyanide,

in nearby islands of Negros, Siquijor, Samar and as far as northern Indonesia.

Another major issue cited by residents, especially around Pangan-an Island, is the

encroachment of trawlers in their municipal waters. Fishing boats larger than 3 gross tons can

reap in one evening a month’s worth of fish catch to a small-scale fisher.

In early 1997, the Olango Synergy Group was organized to share information to prevent

overlapping of activities and to determine the best plan of action for development in Olango.

With members from different sectors, the group conducted “information caravan” in all

barangays.

In the same year, International Marinelife Alliance (IMA) introduced to the community

alternative method of catching fish. This technology transfer had reduced the practice of blast

fishing and the use of cyanide in fishing.

2.5 Some Best Practices in Wetland Conservation

Bani, Pangasinan: Bangrin Marine Protected Area

The Bangrin Marine Protected Area is being transformed into a 42 hectare mangrove

plantation located at Sitio Abunciang, San Miguel, Bani, Pangasinan. Before the establishment of

the area into a mangrove plantation, it is a bare tidal flat with few remaining mangrove stands.

It serves as breeding ground for marine life, a sanctuary for 37 identified species of indigenous

and migratory birds, and a research and learning site for Coastal Resource Management.

Stretching about a kilometer long and about 200 meters wide, the estimated 20 hectares of

reforested mangroves is dominated by Rhizophora spp. while the riverine side covers 3 hectares

of more diverse species including Avicennia and Sonneratia spp.

Though there is an increase in fish abundance over the last 5 years and a decrease in

siltation within up to 600m from the plantation, there is a low survival rate of mangroves with

an average of 50%. Hence, adaptive management in mangroves which incorporates lessons

learned from previous experiences need to be followed to improve the survival rate of newly

planted mangroves.

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Amlan, Negros Oriental

The Municipality of Amlan has institutionalized comprehensive program aimed at

protecting , conserving, and rehabilitating wetlands. This includes the Coastal Management

Program, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Program, and the Reforestation Program.

Realizing that lack of upland care is harmful to the wetland systems and there is less

than 5% of the original forest cover remaining in the island, the LGU is taking active steps in

the protection of upland areas. These efforts include forest patrolling by the Bantay Lasang

(Forest Watch), ongoing tree planting activities, and establishment of an Eco-Park.

Wetlands protection is also part of the conservation program of the municipality. Efforts

have been made to plant and replant mangroves in selected estuaries especially in barangay

Bios-os and Tandayag. Lead by Bantay Dagat (Sea Patrol), coastal cleanups followed by

speeches and presentations about wetlands conservation are held in cooperation with different

sectors including the youth as participants. Amlan has important wetland systems which include

the well-recornized ‘cleanest river’ in the region, the Amlan river. It also has mangrove areas,

estuaries, beaches, and coral reefs. Maintenance of these waters, especially the Tandayag

Marine Sanctuary, is a major aspect of the Coastal Resource Management program.

For the activities and programs on environmental conservation, the LGU of Amlan works

with different local and regional groups and organizations including the Municipal Fisheries and

Aquatic Resource Management Council (MFARMC), the Siliman University Angelo King Center

for Research and Environmental Management (SUAKCREM), Negros Oriental Environment and

Natural Resources Division (ENRD), and St. Paul’s University of Dumaguete. Students, church

groups, and environmental watch groups in Amlan also contribute and assist in these programs.

Bais City, Negros Oriental

In April 2004, the LGU of Bais City, in partnership with Peace Corp Volunteer, World

Wildlfe Fund for Nature, and Siliman University Marine Laboratory, conceptualized and

implemented the Bais Bay Reforestation Project. The project aimed to expand Bais City

mangrove area through a multi-pronged and multi-sectoral mangrove management approach.

To start with, baseline assessment and validation by data gathering and surveys

(Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception surveys) were conducted. After getting generally positive

results, studies about substrate composition, mangrove species zonation and reforestation

mapping were conducted in order to obtain higher survival rate of mangrove seedlings.

Information, education and communication campaign is also a major component of the project

wherein massive information drive through series of trainings and seminars were conducted.

Brochures and other learnings materials were also produced and distributed accordingly.

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Through the establishment of Talabong Mangrove Nursery, also known as the “sub-

marine nursery”, the project was able to pot and rear a total of 175,292 seedlings (June 2004-

November 2005) of 19 species of mangrove including Avecinnia and Rhizophora spp. The actual

mangrove planting took place from 2005 to 2006 in Barangays Capiñahan, Canlargo, San Isidro,

Tangculogan, Biñohon, and Olimpia. When the collaborative project was terminated, the LGU of

Bais City continued the reforestation program and maintenance of the plantation sites

thereafter. As of 2009, an estimated area of 51 hectares were planted with different mangrove

species in North and South Bais Bays.

The efforts engaged by the LGU and other concerned agencies garnered positive

impacts to the stakeholders where most of them appreciated the presence of mangrove forests.

Prieto Diaz, Sorsogon

The municipality of Prieto Diaz is identified as one of the priority wetland areas in

Sorsogon. Being such, the LGU has been conducting environmental conservation and

sustainable management programs. One critical program is the conservation education and

public awareness in which series of IEC strategies were conducted for communities and other

sectors. Researches and studies were also conducted by academes and agencies in the area.

Aside from IEC, conservation policies were being implemented in the area. These include the

resolutions preventing and/or regulating collection of associates and selected marine species

that might indirectly endanger the birds existence in the area, and ordinances pertinently

supporting the coastal and wetland resources.

Community empowerment and livelihood programs have been introduced and conducted to

divert the stakeholders’ dependency on the coastal and marine resources.Restoration and

rehabilitation programs were also implemented by the LGU to address mangrove forests

degradation in the area. Other activities for wetland conservation are the Avian Census and

Eco-tourism.

3.0 Relevant Laws and Policies Affecting the Management of Philippine Wetlands

A review of legislations and policies on Philippine wetlands was commissioned in 2005. It

mentioned that many of the regulations with direct impact on wetlands do not make direct

reference to them but instead regulate access to natural resources, jurisdictions over territory

and management, or prohibit certain acts relating to the areas themselves. On the other hand,

those with indirect application are an assortment of environmental regulations that affect

wetlands allowing or restricting actions that eventually impact may ecosystems as well. (Luna,

2005)

The study also noted that legal provisions may not have any impact on wetlands unless

implemented. It emphasized that the best policies can only see proper implementation when

there is a management structure that (a) “is locally based but nationally endorsed, (b)

understands the flexibility required in policy application thereby having the ability to focus on

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certain regulations with the greatest impact, and (c) has consensus-building mechanism and

participation among the multiple users of the resource.” (Luna, 2005)

Finally, it posits that a National Wetlands Policy might help rationalize laws and policies on

access to wetland resources, management jurisdiction and enforcement. However, it should

also consider including all menu of options for institutions as close to the ground as possible

which can be used appropriately and in timely manner, in order to protect specific wetland

areas and their associated ecosystems. (Luna, 2005)

Below are some of the recent policies and legislations that are relevant to wetlands.

Table 6 Some Recent Policies and Legislations Relevant to Philippine Wetlands

Policy/Law Title/Description

Republic Act 8550 Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 (An Act Providing for the Development, Management and Conservation of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Integrating All Laws Pertinent Thereto, and for other Purposes)

Republic Act 7586 National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (An Act Providing for the Establishment and Management of National Integrated Protected Areas System, Defining its Scope and Coverage, and for Other Purposes)

Republic Act 9147 Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act (An Act Providing for the Conservation and Protection of Wildlife Resources and Their Habitats, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes

Republic Act 9072 National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection

Act. (An Act to Manage and Protect Caves and Cave Resources and

For Other Purposes)

Republic Act 7160 Local Government Code of 1991. (An Act Providing for a Local Government Code of 1991)

Republic Act 9275 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (n Act Providing for a Comprehensive Water Wuality Management and for Other Purposes)

Republic Act 9729 Climate Change Act of 2009 (An Act Mainstreaming Climate Change

into Government Policy Formulations, Establishing the Framework

Strategy and Program on Climate change, Creating for this Purpose

the Climate Change Commission, and for other Purposes

Republic Act 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (An Act Providing

for an Ecological Solid Waste Management Program, Creating the

Necessary Institutional Mechanisms and Incentives, Declaring

Certain Acts Prohibited and Providing Penalties, Appropriating Funds

Therefor, and for Other Purposes)

Executive Order 533 Adopting Integrated Coastal Management as a National Strategy to

Ensure the Sustainable Development of the Country’s Coastal and

Marine Environment and Resources and Establishing Support

Mechanisms for its Implementation (2006)

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Executive Order 578 Establishing the Policy on Biological Diversity, Prescribing its

Implementation Throughout the County, Particularly in the Sulu

Sulawesi Marine Ecosystem and Verde Island Passage Marine

Corridor (2006)

Executive Order 797 Adopting the Coral Triangle Initiative National Plan of Action

Executive Order 111 Establishing the Guidelines for Ecotourism Development in the

Philippines

Executive Order 798 Transferring the Philippine Reclamation Authority from the

Department of Public Works and Highways to the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources (May 29, 2009)

Executive Order 672 Defining and Clarifying the Responsibilities of the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and Philippine

Reclamation Authority (PRA) in the Approval and Implementation of

Reclamation Projects Nationwide.

The NWAPP is linked to and supportive of national, regional and international initiatives.

At the national level, it is linked to the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 and is cognizant

of the thrusts of the Philippine Government. At the international level, it supports the

implementation of the commitments to the following Conventions and Treaties, among others:

• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

• Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar Convention)

• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS or Bonn

Convention)

• Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna

• Convention on Combating Desertification

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)

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PART II Updating the 1993 National Wetland Action Plan: The Process

1.0 Desk Review and Small Group Workshops

There were three stages in updating the 1993 National Wetlands Action Plan. The first

stage was the review of initiatives implemented since the Plan was prepared. Four Technical

Working Groups were formed representing focal areas of concern namely Freshwater Wetlands,

Marine and Coastal Wetlands, Wetlands Policy, and Enabling Activities. Each group compiled

information from various sources and reviewed the consolidated information guided by the

following questions:

• What is the state of the particular group of wetlands?

• Are all the current (and future) issues and concerns the confronting wetlands identified

in the said documents? If not, which ones were not included?

• Are they adequately addressed by the strategies/action plans/activities in the national,

regional and local plans?

• If not, identify strategies and activities that will adequately address them.

• To the extent possible, identify tasking (as to agency/organization who will implement

the strategy/activity); timetable; outputs; targets and indicators.

Key reference materials that were reviewed included the following:

• The National Wetlands Action Plan for the Republic of the Philippines

• Protection and Sustainable Use of Wetland Resources in the Philippines

• National Action Plan for the Sustainable Use and Protection of Philippine Peatlands

• National Report on Wetlands (UNEP/GEF Project: Reversing Environmental Degradation

Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand)

• Proceedings of the First National Lake Congress on Philippine Lakes

• National Ecotourism Strategy

• Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities

• Key Biodiversity Areas

• National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

• Country Report – Seagrasses of the Philippines

• Country Report – Corals

• Country Report - Mangrove

• Integrated River Basin Management and Development Plan

• ArcDev – A framework for Sustainable Archipelagic Development (draft)

• Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor Management Plan Framework (draft)

• Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Framework

• Invasive Alien Species in the Philippines: Status, Challenges and Directions

• Directory of Philippine Wetlands

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Although targets and indicators were not specified in the 1993 NWAPP, the results of the

review and assessment of its implementation showed that many of the activities were

implemented but the outcomes were not assessed. Additionally, the strategies have to be

updated in light of new developments and issues such as threats from climate change.

2.0 Stakeholders Recommendations: The Dumaguete Conference

As a result of the review, working documents were prepared for the National Conference

on Wetlands, Climate Change Adaptation and Biodiversity Conservation held in Dumaguete City

on 12-14 January 2009. The Dumaguete Conference marked the second stage of plan

formulation. At the Dumaguete Conference, the working documents were presented and

subjected to further discussion and validation. There were two main outputs at the Conference,

a Conference Resolution and the elements of an updated National Wetlands Action Plan for the

Philippines (NWAPP). The Conference Resolution recognized the importance of wetlands to

humanity and to nature, its critical state owing to the various threats on these ecosystems, and

strongly affirmed that the concerned authorities particularly the Department of Environment

and Natural Resources, the Philippine Congress, and the Local Government Units, take action in

implementing the priority activities endorsed by the participants. The updated National

Wetlands Action Plan took into account how wetlands are affected by extreme climatic changes

and the important role the wetlands play in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

After the Dumaguete Conference, the outputs were further subjected to iteration and

refinement by the Ad Hoc National Committee on Wetlands whose membership was constituted

at the Dumaguete Conference. A Final Workshop was convened which was attended by the Ad

Hoc Committee members, TWG members and other key personalities who helped in crafting the

document. The output of the Final Workshop, which is the updated National Wetlands Action

Plan for the Philippines was turned over to the DENR. The Plan will be then brought to a

nationwide consultation with key stakeholders to ensure ownership, advocate and solicit

partners for its implementation.

3.0 Regional Consultations and Integration Writeshop

The draft NWAPP was subjected to a series of Regional Consultations to ensure that all

key stakeholders are involved in the review and are able to provide inputs to the draft National

Wetlands Action Plan. Specifically, it aims to:

• Prioritize specific wetlands for management and identify their management needs

through participatory processes

• Identify partners and their roles (specific responsibility centers), resources available and

solicit commitments for its implementation

• To solicit the endorsement of the updated NWAP by stakeholders

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The consultations were held on the following dates and venues:

• Luzon Consultation - 11-12 November 2010 at Cloud 9 Sports and Leisure Club

• Visayas and Mindanao – 2-3 December 2010 at the Villa Margarita Hotel

There were 60 participants in the Luzon group and 38 for the Visayas-Mindanao group.

These participants were from various sectors of society that affect or are affected by wetlands.

An Integration Writeshop was held at the Camelot Hotel in Quezon City on January 6, 2011 to

consolidate and rationalize regional consultation outputs and to assign targets for identified

activities whenever possible.

4.0 Mainstreaming the NWAPP: Adoption and Institutionalization

The Ad-Hoc Technical Working Group was convened in September 23, 2011 to review

the consolidated outputs from the Integration writeshop. This version is the final product of

these series of consultations and iterations.

The National Wetlands Action Plan for the Philippines will eventually be adopted and

institutionalized among the concerned government agencies and serve as a guide in for wetland

management by the other sectors of society.

38

PART III THE NATIONAL WETLAND ACTION PLAN FOR THE PHILIPPINES (2011-

2016)

I. Guiding Principles

This NWAPP is the guiding document for the Philippines to promote and implement

strategies and actions for the conservation and wise use of its wetlands, incorporating urgent

concerns such as biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation and adaptation. The

document provides a framework of strategies and actions for all concerned sectors of the

society including government agencies, non-government organizations, business sector, small

communities and indigenous people, for the management and wise use of wetlands and their

resources for the enjoyment of their benefits by the present and future generations.

Overall Vision for Philippine Wetlands

Philippine wetlands are ecologically healthy and are able to provide products,

functions and services for the equal benefit of people and nature.

Vision for the NWAPP (2011-2016)

By 2016, priority wetlands in the Philippines are sustainably managed by

empowered stakeholders based on a Management Plan that was formulated and

implemented through a participatory manner.

Mission Statement

To provide an effective framework and integrating tool for the conservation and wise use of

Philippine wetlands in support of the overall sustainable goals of the country.

Aim

The NWAPP 2009-2015 serves as an effective framework and integrating tool for the

conservation and wise use of Philippine wetlands in support of the overall sustainable

development goals of the country.

Box 3. “Wise Use” Defined

Wise use is the maintenance of ecological character of a wetland, achieved through the implementation

of ecosystem approaches, within the context of sustainable development.

39

Objectives

• To harmonize and strictly enforce existing policies affecting the use of wetlands.

• To increase the awareness of key stakeholders on the importance of wetlands and effect

a change in their behavior towards these ecosystems.

• To enhance the capacity of stakeholders so that they are more capable of implementing

wetland conservation measures.

• To promote collaboration among stakeholders for effective wetland management; and

• To establish comprehensive monitoring systems to ensure that wetlands are conserved,

well managed, and wisely used

Thematic Areas and Goals

Setting the overall direction of the NWAPP are the General Strategies and the four thematic

areas, which are the primary focus of interventions, and their supporting goals. They are the

following:

General Strategies

Goal: Sustainable utilization of wetlands in the Philippines.

Thematic Area 1: Wetlands Policy

Goal: Clear policy on wetlands conservation including its wise use.

Thematic Area 2: Freshwater Wetlands

Goal: Sustainable utilization of freshwater wetlands ecosystem

Thematic Area 3: Coastal and Marine Wetlands

Goal: Sustainable utilization of coastal and marine ecosystems

Thematic Area 4: Enabling Strategies

Goal: Increased awareness of key stakeholders on the importance of wetlands and increased

capacity to implement wetland conservation measures.

Outcomes

The overall outcome of the successful implementation of the NWAPP 2009-2015 is that

wetlands in the country are ecologically intact and thus are able to provide products, functions

and services for the benefit of the people and nature.

Specific outcomes will include the following:

40

• Wetlands in the country are ecologically healthy and continuously provide products,

functions and services.

• Resilient and stable coastal and marine wetland ecosystems

• Resilient and stable freshwater wetland ecosystems

• Priority wetlands in the country are managed well and used wisely.

Strategic Approach

The NWAPP is anchored on the building of a strong sense of ownership by the country’s

stakeholders and the establishment of collaborative partnerships and inclusion of the private

sector and civil society. It will employ localized approach to management and community-

based participation.

Core Values

Philippine Culture

- Show and support a diversity of individuals and organizations

- Reflect a diversity of perspectives

- Promote fair and open exchange among stakeholders and others in the field

of sustainable development

- Reflect and support and respect the diversity of cultures in the country

NWAPP 2011-2016 Core Principles

- Practice open and transparent governance and decision-making arrangements

- Operate within the financial and organizational capacity of the government

agencies, its implementing partners, and stakeholders

- Employ progressive organizational development schemes for the NWAPP

management

- Carry out environmental stewardship and sustainable practices

NWAPP Standards of Practice

- Promote high professional standards

- Encourage networking and knowledge management, i.e. exchange of

information, experience, and best practice

- Promote action research

- Form respectful, collaborative partnerships and share leadership

Ownership

Ownership of the NWAPP is critical in the success of its implementation. The document

is primarily a blueprint for strategies and actions for the conservation and wise use of wetlands

41

in the country that each sector or stakeholder can implement as they see fit and within their

capacities.

Collaborative Partnerships

The success of the NWAPP 2011-2016 is also largely dependent on the effective

collaboration with partners at the national, regional, and local levels. These partnerships are to

be driven by the DENR with support from the other concerned government agencies. Since the

NWAPP was formulated jointly by key stakeholders, champions from the private sector and civil

society, as well as from international organizations shall be tapped for the successful

implementation of the NWAPP 2011-2016. This will entail joint activities and require continuous

and effective information, education and communication dissemination activities for its

successful implementation.

Linkages to National, Regional and International Initiatives

The NWAPP is recognized in the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016. It will

recognize all other existing strategies and action plans related to the conservation and wise-use

of Philippine wetlands. The NWAPP will also form linkages with and support regional and

international initiatives in line with its implementation, in particular the Global and National

Agenda 21, Convention on Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, Convention on Migratory

Species, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN Convention to Combat

Desertification and Land Degradation, Convention on International Transport of Endangered

Species. ASEAN Working Group on Nature Conservation and Biodiversity, ASEAN Working Group

on Coastal and Marine Environment, and the ASEAN Working Group on Water, among others.

Strategic Action

Strategies have been developed for each Thematic Area and goal. These actions took

into consideration the following factors:

1. Existing structures, measures or mechanisms in place;

2. Perceived importance of need;

3. Availability of resources to implement the identified action; and

4. Potential of collaboration and cooperation with partners.

Activities required to implement each strategy have been listed followed by a timetable,

the implementing partner/s (agencies or organizations) and the expected outputs. Output

indicators are likewise identified for each of the strategic action to facilitate the effective

monitoring and evaluation of plan implementation, its overall performance and impact.

42

Proposed Implementation Mechanism

The key to the success of the NWAPP 2011-2016 depends on the effectiveness of the

mechanisms in place for implementing the plan’s strategic actions. Without these, the goals of

the NWAPP cannot be realized.

In general, wetland-related concerns cut across the jurisdiction of several government

agencies at the national, provincial and local level. The ideal set-up is that a National Wetlands

Committee or a similar body should provide oversight functions for the implementation of the

NWAPP. However, existing institutional arrangements have to be reviewed so that an

appropriate body that can function optimally within this milieu can be constituted.

Currently, the lead mechanism to implement the country’s sustainable development

agenda is the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development or the PCSD. The PCSD has three

major Committees namely: (1) Committee on Social and Economic Dimensions; (2) Committee

on Strengthening the Role of Major Groups; (3) Committee on Means of Implementation; and

(4) Committee on Conservation and Management of Resources for Development (CCMRD).

The CCMRD is Chaired by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and is

further categorized into four major areas of concern: (1) Sub-Committee on Biodiversity; (b)

Sub-Committee on Water Resources; (c) Sub-Committee on Land Resources; and (d) Sub-

Committee on Atmosphere.

Given the above existing structures, interim measures such as the creation of a Task

Force or a Technical Working Group under the Sub-Committee on Biodiversity which is Chaired

by the DENR-PAWB have to be instituted to ensure that the implementation of the NWAPP will

be coordinated. This group can further explore the configuration and functions/responsibilities

of a multi-sectoral group that will compose the National Wetlands Committee for

recommendation to the DENR Secretary. The DENR Secretary, being Chair of the CCMRD can

endorse this to the PCSD Executive Committee through a draft Executive Order which in turn

the PCSD can recommend to the President.

The NWAPP Action Plan already identifies implementation partners at different levels.

The tasks assigned to these various partners have been agreed on during the consultations and

thus, should have been integrated in their agency’s or organization’s work plan. However,

funding for these activities may not be adequate especially for those new activities that are

actually additional tasks to their regular functions. Thus, there is a need to institutionalize the

NWAPP, define its implementing mechanism, identify sources of funds, and set a monitoring,

evaluation and reporting framework to ensure that the activities are implemented and the

outcomes achieved.

43

Overview of the General Strategies of the NWAPP

The next Section indicates the Action Plan that were identified under the following general

strategies of the NWAPP:

• Review of existing land-use and management of wetlands

• Development of management plans for each of the identified priority wetlands

• Implementation of existing policies and recommended interventions

• Integration of Climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in relevant plans and

programs

• Rehabilitate priority wetlands

• Increase community participation and involvement in coastal and marine wetland

management

• Capacity-building of stakeholders

• Intensify Research and Development (site-based, per wetland type) for inventory and

updating of resources and monitoring

• Promote ecotourism as a conservation strategy for wetlands

• Sustain national resource inventory/assessment of priority wetlands

• Establish critical habitats for threatened/endangered species Implement Climate Change

mitigation and adaptation strategies

• Implement sustainable aquaculture practices in priority wetlands • Improve coastal and marine law enforcement • Develop, maintain and update a database of wetlands and make it accessible to assist in

monitoring and decision-making

• Strengthen existing partnerships and establish new ones for the implementation of the

NWAPP

• Adopt a criteria/mechanism for selecting, removing or maintaining priority areas

• Compile and organize information on Philippine Wetlands, including best practices, and make these accessible to stakeholders

• Prepare, adopt and Implement a Communication, Education, Participation, and Awareness (CEPA) Action Plan

• Develop and/or implement of innovative methods, tools and technologies for wetland management

• Establish an implementation mechanism that will ensure the success of the NWAPP.

2.0 Priority Wetlands in the NWAPP 2011-2016

To optimize resources and achieve maximum impacts and outcomes from the activities

in the NWAPP, priority wetlands for the period covered have been identified based on a set of

criteria agreed upon during the TWG meetings and confirmed by the consultations. Annex A

44

lists down priority coastal and marine wetlands as well as inland wetlands based on the criteria

used for designating KBAs and the PBCP. Based on these criteria, the priority wetlands are:

Inland/Freshwater Wetlands Coastal and Marine Wetlands

Candaba Swamp Batanes Islands Protected Landscape and Seascape

Lalaguna Marsh Babuyanes Islands

Naujan Lake Buguey Wetlands

Coron Lake Manila Bay

Lake Maguao Pagbilao and Tayabas Bay

Puerto Princesa Subterranian River National Park Ragay Gulf

Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary Mactan,Kalawisan, Cansaga Bay

Lake Lanao Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park

Ligawasan Marsh Polillo Island

Caramoan Peninsula

Puerto Galera

Ursula Island

Balabac Group of Islands

Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park

Olango Island

Biliran and Maripipi Island

Siargao Island Protected Land and Seascape

Tawi –tawi Island

Simunul and Manuk Manka Islands

Sibutu and Tumindao Islands

El Nido Managed Resource Protected Area

Cabulao Bay

Malampaya Sound

Balayan Bay

Talabong Island and Bais Bay

Panguil Bay

Ulugan Bay

Inabanga Coast

During the Regional Consultations, additional wetland areas were recommended for

inclusion in the priority list (Annex B). These, however, have to be subjected to a review using

a set of criteria for a more rational setting of additional priorities. Moreover, during the

integration workshop, another round of prioritization for the listing in Annex A was done based

on the level of investment/attention being given to the wetland area. This is included in the

report as Annex C.

3.0 The Action Plan (2011-2016)

45

Thematic Area 1: Wetlands Policy

Outcome: Wetlands in the country are ecologically intact and thus are able to provide products, functions and services.

Overall Goal: Clear policy on wetlands conservation including its wise use.

Overall Objectives: To streamline land use in wetlands based on strict enforcement of various laws affecting them.

Indicators: Maps produced, database created, policies revised/amended.

DRAFT ACTION PLAN

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 1

Review of existing land use and management of wetlands

1.0 Inventory and Mapping of priority wetlands (PRS 92) – mapping to include watershed/river basin

3 High priority

Luzon- Candaba

V- Bais, N.O.

M –Agusan Marsh

Rest of the High and Medium priority

Remaining identified priority wetlands

PAWB, NAMRIA;

BSWM, BFAR, LMB, DENR ROs, NWRB, SCPW,

Inventory and Maps of Wetlands

Number of priority wetlands mapped

Copies of wetland maps

- Interagency formulation of mapping guidelines by DENR in consideration of seasonal inundations

1 mapping guidelines formulated and approved

monitoring PAWB, NAMRIA;

BSWM, BFAR, LMB, DENR ROs, SCPW

Mapping guidelines and institutionalization instrument, i.e. DAO

1 set of mapping guidelines

Copy of mapping guidelines and DAO

46

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

to be classified as vulnerable, priority and intermittent wetlands, small islands, as well as tenure, claims of ownership and access issues

- Prepare proposal indicating the cost and timetable

1 Proposal prepared, submitted and approved

PAWB, SCPW

TWG on Wetlands

1 Proposal submitted and approved

Number of proposals prepared and submitted

Copy of proposals and letters of submission, approval

- Create inventory oversight committee (to provide policy directions)

1 oversight Committee created

DENR-PAWB

DENR agencies

Oversight Committee

Number of Oversight Committee created

Directive on the creation of the Committee

- Establishment of a Unified and enhanced Geographical Information System maps and database for wetlands

1 GIS database created

PAWB, NAMRIA;

BSWM, BFAR, LMB, DENR ROs, SCPW

1 Unified and enhanced Geographical Information System maps and database established

Number of Unified and enhanced Geographical Information System maps and database established

Report; copies of maps

- Include in the unified database a sub-database of

Database on wetlands with tenurial

PAWB, NAMRIA;

BSWM, BFAR, LMB, DENR ROs,

Sub-database created in the Unified wetlands

Number of sub-database

Report

47

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

wetlands with tenurial instruments and fraudulent titles

instruments and fraudulent titles included in the Unified database

SCPW database established

2.0 Review and Cancellation of fraudulent titles and inappropriate tenure instruments, and reversion of Fishpond Lease Agreements

- Submission by BFAR of a listing of abandoned fishponds to DENR

List submitted by BFAR to DENR

BFAR, DENR

Listing of abandoned fishponds

Submission of List of abandoned fishponds

Communication transmitting the Listing with the actual listing.

- Implement moratorium on surveys until implementation of Joint DA DENR DILG AO No. 1 2008. (cancellation of fishponds AUU – abandoned, underdeveloped, undeveloped) ;

Moratorium implemented

DA, DENR, DILG

DENR-ICRMP Policy Study

Implementation of moratorium

Directive imposing the moratorium

Copy of the directive.

- Cancellation and/or reversion of

20% of the list per region?

50% of the list per

30% of the list per

DA, DENR, BFAR, FMB, NWRB

Fraudulent titles reviewed,

Percentage of fraudulent

Reports

48

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

fraudulent titles and lease agreements

region? region? LGU LMB/LMS, DILG/LGUs OSG

cancelled or reversed.

titles reviewed, cancelled and/or reversed

- Prosecute those responsible for issuance of fraudulent titles

Filing of cases to (???)

DENR, DA, OSG

Cases filed against people who issued fraudulent titles.

Number of cases filed.

Reports and copies of cases filed.

- Formulate and adopt appropriate guidelines for tenurial instruments for mangrove areas declared as A&D both titled and untitled

1 set of guidelines formulated and approved.

DENR-ICRMP Policy Study

Guidelines formulated and adopted.

Set of guidelines formulated and approved.

Hard copy of guidelines and document approving them.

3.0 Strict implementation of water user’s rules and regulations.

NWRB

- Review and identify legal and illegal water users

All water users identified (legal or illegal)

NWRB List of legal and illegal water users.

Listing of water users.

Report from NWRB with listing.

- Formulate and implement sanctions for illegal water user

Sanctions for illegal water users developed and implemented.

Sanctions for illegal water users implemented

Con’t. NWRB Sanctions for illegal water users formulated, approved and implemented.

Approval of sanctions

DAO approving and implementing the sanctions; copy of the sanctions

49

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

4.0 Strict enforcement of Easement and buffer zone regulations

- Implementation of PD705, Water Code, and other applicable laws, rules and regulations

- Integrate easement and buffer prescriptions in the Building Permit process particularly in developments on or near wetlands

Easement and buffer prescriptions for developments in wetland areas integrated in the Building Permit process

Easement and buffer prescriptions for developments in wetland areas integrated in the Building Permit process

DENR, LGUs

Revised Building Permit procedure incorporating easement and buffer prescriptions for developments in wetland areas

Section on easement and buffer prescriptions integrated in the Building Permit procedure for developments in wetland areas

Copy of revised Building Permit procedure for developments in wetland areas

- Issuance of local ordinances on buffer zone for developments in wetland areas with sanctions for violations (at least 200 meters; (3 meters in urban areas, 20 meters in agricultural areas, 40

Local ordinances on buffer zone policies formulated and implemented in all cities in the country particularly for for developments

Local ordinances on buffer zone policies formulated and implemented in developments in wetland areas

Local ordinances on buffer zone policies formulated and implemented for developments in wetland areas

DENR-; DILG,

LGUs through the Leagues

DENR- LMS; DENR – CMMD DPWH

Local ordinances and other directives on buffer zones for developments in wetland areas.

Number of Local ordinances issued per region.

Copy of ordinances and other directives.

50

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

meters in forest areas and apply to new projects)

in wetland areas

- Formation of a Multisectoral team led by LGU for implementation of buffer ordinance (may tap existing ENR committees)

Multisectoral team formed

DILG/LGUs

DENR, DPWH

Multisectoral team formed

Multisectoral team formed

Directive forming the multisectoral team

- Create an online database of best practices on river bank easement/protection

Document and create an online database on best practices on river bank easement/ protection.

Update and maintain online database

Update and maintain online database

DILG/LGUs DPWH Database on best practices on river bank/easement protection. e.g. Napindan (Makati –Pasig)

Online database created and maintained

Project Report

- Give recognition/ incentives to LGUs with documented best practice activities on river bank/easement protection

Formulate and implement an in incentive system for LGUs with documented best practice policy/ activities on river bank/easement protection

NWRB and the Leagues

DENR, DPWH

Incentive Scheme

Incentive Scheme formulated and approved

Directive approving the incentive scheme and copy of the incentive scheme

51

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

5.0 Resolve reclamation issues

- Identify areas reclaimed without permit and which have not been reclassified by Congress

All Regions have identified such areas .

PAWB-DENR thru Reclamation Committee; PRA

LGUs, Inventory of illegally reclaimed areas.

Number of Regions that have identified areas reclaimed without permits and which have not been reclassified by Congress

Reports with inventory

- Revert for public use illegally reclaimed lands

Revert 30% of illegally reclaimed land

Illegally reclaimed lands reverted for public use.

Number of cases of reversion per Region

Reports, publications

- Amend and implement reclamation guidelines based on new EO 798 including sanctions and mechanism for penalizing violators

Guidelines amended and approved

DENR; PRA Approved amended guidelines

1 set of guidelines amended and approved

Reports, copy of guidelines

52

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 2 Implement local management and

economic measures to conserve wetlands

1.0 Set user’s and service fees/ PES/raw and annual water charges

- Set user’s and service fees/ PES/raw water charges in sites that are ready.

1 per region

1 per region

1 per region

Local Water Mgt.Bodies; DENR

User’s fees set and implemented

Number of user’s fees policy approved and implemented per region

Directive approving its implementation

2.0 Include resource valuation in determining IRA/Host Community

Congress; Academe

LGU, DBM

- Formulation and implementation of policy/guidelines

1 set of Guidelines formulated

1 set of guidelines approved and implemented

Continuing implementation of guidelines

DILG-LGU/DENR

DBM

Policy and guidelines formulated and implemented

number of policy/ guidelines formulated and implemented

Policy directive; copy dog policy/ guidelines

53

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 3 Integrate Climate Change mitigation and

adaptation measures in relevant plans and policies

1.0 Review and/or adoption of relevant policies and legislations relevant to wetlands and climate change

- Integrate green technology in the Building Code, Sanitation and Plumbing Code, Water Code)

Building, Sanitation and Plumbing Code reviewed and amended through Congressional Process.

Amendments approved and amended Codes disseminated to LGUs.

Amendments implemented

UAP, Congress;;

DILG; LGU SIBAT, other professional organizations

Amendments to the Building Code, Sanitation and Plumbing Code that are relevant to wetlands and climate change.

Number of legislations reviewed; amended.

Copies of amended laws.

- Include in the ECC conditions “Greenline and cistern requirement” for high rise buildings, condominiums, residential, commercial and industrial establishments (water conservation, green house gas emissions);

Inventory of ECC issued with this Greenline and cistern requirement Best practice example documented

Recognition and rewards

Continue the recognition and rewards

EMB, DILG/LGUs

PAWB Number of ECCs issued with greenline and cistern requirements.

54

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

- Include in local policy that that communities within or near wetlands should have toilets

2.0 Assessment of vulnerability of priority wetlands to climate change based on NAMRIA’s 10 clusters of low lying areas

Vulnerability Assessment of 1 priority wetland per region

Vulnerability Assessment of 3 priority wetlands per region

Vulnerability Assessment of 5 priority wetland per region

DENR-PAWB, ERDB, NAMRIA, LMB

NGOs (SCPW), academe

Listing of wetlands that are highly vulnerable to climate change.

Number of priority wetlands assessed.

Reports.

55

Thematic Area 2: Freshwater/Inland Wetlands

Outcome : Resilient and stable freshwater wetland ecosystems, reduced poverty among wetland-dependent communities

Overall Goal : Sustainable utilization of freshwater wetlands ecosystem; enhanced livelihood opportunities for wetland-dependent

communities

Overall Objectives:

To improve the management and conservation of freshwater wetlands;

To provide alternative livelihood for wetland-dependent communities

Indicator: updated inventory and assessment of FW wetlands, policies developed and implemented, specific action plans in place, wider

adoption of all stakeholders

DRAFT ACTION PLAN

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 1:

Establish baseline data and conduct bio-physical and socio-cultural assessment and

monitoring of freshwater wetlands (using ridge to reef

framework)

1.0 Conduct an inventory, assessment and monitoring of priority freshwater wetlands:

56

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

- Conduct of national workshop to level off terminologies(i.e. major freshwater wetlands), methods and procedures for inventory, assessment and monitoring

1 National Workshop conducted

DENR-PAWB

NAMRIA, DENR-RBCO, DENR-ROs, LGUs, PCAMRD, academe

Standard terminologies, methods and procedures for freshwater wetland inventory

Number of workshops conducted

Activity Report; Compilation of Standard Terms, Methods and Procedures

- Prepare an inventory of freshwater wetlands with maps

1 inventory per Region

DENR-PAWB, NAMRIA

DENR-RBCO, DENR-Ros, LGUs, PCAMRD, academe, NGOs

Updated inventory of lakes, rivers, and swamps per Region

Number of Regions that submitted inventories

Report of inventories

- Conduct an assessment of the country’s major lakes, rivers, and swamps (biological, _physic-chemical, socio-economic including tenurial status)

3 major wetlands (lakes, rivers swamp/marsh) assessed

3 major wetlands (lakes, rivers swamp/marsh) assessed

3 major wetlands (lakes, rivers swamp/marsh) assessed

DENR-PAWB, DENR-RBCO

DENR-Ros, LGUs, PCAMRD, academe, NGOs

Profiles of selected priority lakes, rivers, marshes/swamps (biological, physic-chemical, socio-economic, including tenurial status) usingthe Ramsar Information Sheet

Number of priority lakes, rivers, marshes/swamps assessed.

Assessment Reports; Profiles of wetlands that were assessed

57

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

- Monitor selected priority freshwater wetlands

3 priority lakes, rivers or swamp/marsh monitored

3 priority lakes, rivers or swamp/marsh monitored

3 priority lakes, rivers or swamp/marsh monitored

DENR-PAWB, DENR-RBCO

DENR-Ros, LGUs, PCAMRD, academe, NGOs

Monitoring data on selected freshwater wetlands

Number of wetlands monitored

Data on the state of priority wetlands

2.0 Review existing database on freshwater wetlands and recommend systematic access to these databases.

1 online database

Updating and maintenance of online databases

Updating and maintenance of online databases

DENR(PAWB,

ERDB, PCMARRD, ERDB ,LLDA, RBCO,NWRB), LGUs, academe, NGOs

Online databases on priority wetlands

online databases Reports

- Create links to web-based databases (i.e. CHM)

Regional databases linked to CHM and other web-based databases

DENR-

PAWB,

BFAR, LLDA, PCMARRD, LGUs, academe, NGOs,POs

Links established to other databases

Number of links established

Report; system test

Strategy 2: Preparation

and implementation of

Management Plans for

priority freshwater

wetlands in the country

- Prepare a

Management

Planning Manual

Wetland Management Plan Preparation

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs, SCPW, academe, NGOs, POs

Management

Planning Manual for

the Wetland

Number of

Manuals prepared

Report; copy of document

58

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

containing

procedures with

framework and

templates that can

be done by

communities

Manual prepared

Conservation

- Conduct training on

how to use the

Management

Planning Manual

One Training conducted at the national level

1 Training

conducted per

Region

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs, SCPW, academe, NGOs, POs

Training on the use

of the Management

Planning Manual for

the Wetland

Conservation

Number of

Trainings

conducted

Activity Reports

- Conduct a carrying

capacity study of

selected priority

freshwater

wetlands

Carrying capacity studies conducted in 1 priority freshwater wetland per Region

DENR-

PAWB,

DENR-

ERDB,

Academe Carrying Capacity

of selected priority

freshwater

wetlands

Number of

Regions that

conducted

carrying capacity

studies

Reports of the Study

- Prepare

Management Plans

for priority

freshwater

wetlands in the

country

1 Management Plan for a priority freshwater wetland prepared per Region per year

1

Management

Plan for a

priority

freshwater

wetland

prepared per

Region per

year

1

Management

Plan for a

priority

freshwater

wetland

prepared per

Region per

year

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs, SCPW, academe, NGOs, POs

Management Plans

for priority

freshwater

wetlands prepared

Number of

Management

Plans prepared

Report; copy of Management Plans

59

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

- Implement

Management Plans

for priority

freshwater

wetlands in the

country

1 Management Plan for a priority freshwater wetland implemented per Region per year

1

Management

Plan for a

priority

freshwater

wetland

implemented

per Region per

year

1

Management

Plan for a

priority

freshwater

wetland

implemented

per Region

per year

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs, SCPW, academe, NGOs, POs

Management Plans

for priority

freshwater

wetlands

implemented

Number of

Management

Plans

implemented

Reports

Strategy 3: Rehabilitate

Priority Freshwater

Wetlands

1.0 Design a scheme to

manage settlements in

wetlands

Management

scheme

designed

DENR,

LGUs

NGOs,

Bayan ni

Juan,

Gawad

Kalinga

Management

Scheme design

Reports

2.0 Implement community-

based reforestation in the

watershed areas of priority

wetlands (i.e. Tree-

preneurs)

(link to NGP

targets)

(link to NGP

targets)

(link to NGP

targets)

DENR-

FMB

PAWB,

LGUs,

NGOs

Watershed areas

reforested

Number of hectares reforested

Reports, site

visits

3.0 Implement

bioremediation and/or

phytoremediation

technologies to address

pollution on a pilot

60

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

basis at selected

priority wetlands

- Conduct of

seminar-workshop

to assess

appropriate

bioremediation and

phytoremediation

technologies

appropriate to

types of wetlands

1 Seminar-

workshop

conducted

DENR-

ERDB

DENR-EMB,

NGOs,

academe,

LGUs

Seminar-workshop

conducted

Number of seminar workshop conducted

Documentatio

n on

appropriate

bioremediation

and phyto-

remediation

technologies

for various

wetland types

in the

Philippines

- Pilot

implementation of

appropriate

bioremediation

and/or

phytoremediation

technologies at

selected priority

wetlands

Pilot

implementati

on in 1

priority

freshwater

wetland

DENR-

ERDB

DENR-EMB,

NGOs,

academe,

LGUs

Bioremediation

and/or

Phytoremediation

implemented in

priority freshwater

wetlands.

Number of bioremediation or phytoremediation projects implemented

Reports

4.0 Implement soil

conservation

technologies in priority

wetlands

61

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

- Conduct a seminar-

workshop to

compile soil

conservation

technologies that

can be applied to

wetland

5.0 Implement activities to

address invasive alien

species (i.e. golden kuhol,

janitor fish, water hyacinth)

Activities

implemented

Activities

implemented

Activities

implemented

DENR-

PAWB

BFAR,

FARMC,

PAMBs

PCMARD,

LGUs,

NGOs, POs

Projects to address

IAS

Number of projects implemented

Reports, site

visits

6. Launch and implement a

project on “Adopt a

Wetland”

Project

launched and

implemented

in all Regions

DENR-

PAWB

Private sector, LGU,DENR, NGOs stakeholder

s

Project launched

and implemented in

all Regions

Number of Regions that launched and are implementing the project

Reports;

agreement

instruments;

site visit

62

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 4: Implement Climate Change mitigation and adaptation strategies

Adaptation

Activities/Measures:

1.0 Conduct vulnerability

assessment of wetlands and

wetland species to climate

change

DENR

PCMARD,

DA-BFAR,

academe,

NGOs/POs,

LGUs

List of vulnerable

wetland species

Number of

species assessed

Assessment Reports

- Conduct Workshop to develop a toolkit for vulnerability assessment of freshwater wetlands to climate change

1 National Workshop

DENR-

PAWB

DENR-

ERDB,

LGUs,

academe,

NGOs,

SCPW

Workshop(s) held;

Toolkit

Number of

workshops held

Activity Report; Toolkit

- Using the toolkit, conduct vulnerability assessment of wetlands and wetlands species in priority freshwater wetlands

1 priority wetland assessed per Region per year

1 priority wetland assessed per Region per year

1 priority

wetland

assessed per

Region per

year

DENR-

PAWB

DENR-

ERDB,

LGUs,

academe,

NGOs,

SCPW

Report of the

vulnerability

assessment study

Number of

freshwater

wetlands

assessed using

the toolkit

Activity Report;

63

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

2.0 Conduct a study to identify vulnerable species for climate change effects on freshwater wetlands

1 Study conducted in major freshwater wetland types (lakes, rivers, marshes)

DENR-ERDB

DENR-PAWB Academe, NGOs, POs, LGUs

List of species sensitive to climatic changes in wetlands

Number of studies conducted

Study Reports

3.0 Conduct monitoring of migration patterns of birds vis-à-vis their established migration usage

Conduct monitoring of migratory birds in 3 wetland sites per major island groups (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao)

Continue monitoring of migratory birds in 3 wetland sites per major island groups (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao)

Continue

monitoring of

migratory

birds in 3

wetland sites

per major

island groups

(Luzon,

Visayas,

Mindanao)

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs,

academe,

NGOs,

Wildbird

Club of the

Philippines,

POs

Monitoring results

i.e. migration

pattern; Schedule

of migration

monitoring of

wetlands/

waterbirds

Number of sites monitored; number of monitoring activities conducted

Monitoring

reports

4.0 Formalize and implement a Philippine Bird Banding Scheme

Bird Banding scheme formalized and implemented in the country

Bird banding conducted in the 3 sites identified in item 4.2

Bird banding conducted in the 3 sites identified in item 4.2

DENR-PAWB

DENR-ERDB, SCPW, LGUs, academe, NGOs

Philippine Bird Banding Scheme implemented

Number of sites where bird banding is being conducted

Reports

5.0 Hold a National Conference on Climate Change Adaptation. And

One National Conference held;

DENR-PAWB

DOH, DENR-ERDB,

Compilation of Adaptation measures by local

Number of Conference held

Activity Report

64

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Population, Health & Environment

Proceedings and recommendations posted in the wetland website CHM)

EMB,FMB, SCPW, LGUs, academe, NGOs

wetland communities

Mitigation Activities/Measures

6.0 Adoption of appropriate

(wetland) watershed

protection and

(conservation) plantation

management strategies

DENR Reduction of GHG

emission

mainstreaming of native species in reforestation projects (priority wetlands: Agusan Marsh, Candaba Marsh)

Link targets

to NGP

Link targets to

NGP

Link targets

to NGP

DENR-

FMB

DENR-

PAWB,

LGUs,

ERDB

7.0 Promote the conservation of peatlands

Please refer to the National Peatlands Action Plan for the Philippines which is an integral part of the National Wetlands Action Plan

8.0 Conduct of R & D

studies on specific climate

change mitigation functions

of wetlands

- Conduct studies on

carbon

1 study per

major

DOST,

DENR

Academe Data on carbon

sequestration by

Number of studies

conducted

Report of

the study

65

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

sequestration

functions of specific

wetlands (rate of

sequestration,

carbon stock, etc)

freshwater

wetland type

(lake, river,

marsh;

include rice

fields)

selected wetland

types

9.0 Adoption of Green technology to promote sanitation in wetlands

Conduct of IEC on green sanitation technology in three pilot priority wetlands

Conduct of pilot green sanitation technology in three priority wetlands

Upscaling of

green

sanitation

technology in

three other

priority

wetlands

LGUs DOH,

NGOs,

PCWS

Green sanitation

technologies being

implemented in

priority wetlands

Number of priority

wetlands

implementing green

sanitation

technologies

Reports;

site visits

Strategy 5 Promote ecotourism as a conservation strategy for freshwater wetlands

1.0 Update list and profile

of freshwater wetlands

with ecotourism

potential (hyperlink to

item 1 of this matrix to

include ecotourism

potential in the

assessment)

One List per

Region

updated

DENR-

PAWB,

DOT

DOT,

Academe,

Civil

Society

Inventory and profile

of freshwater

wetlands with

ecotourism potential

Number of Regions that submitted an updated listing and profile of wetlands with ecotourism potential

Report;

copy of list

66

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

2.0 Conduct mapping of

freshwater wetlands

with eco-tourism

potential (for inclusion

as a classification under

mapping of the policy

action plan; will

indicate with a

hyperlink to mapping

under policy matrix)

1 map

prepared per

Region

NAMRIA DENR-

PAWB,

DOT, LGUs,

NGOs

Maps of wetlands

with ecotourism

potential

Number of Regions that submitted maps

Report;

Copies of

maps

3.0 Develop Ecotourism

Plans for priority

wetlands

1 Master Plan

developed for

priority

wetlands per

Region per

year

1 Master Plan

developed for

priority

wetlands per

Region per

year

1 Master Plan

developed for

priority

wetlands per

Region per

year

DENR-

PAWB,

DOT

LGUs,

Academe,

Civil

Society

Ecotourism Master

Plans for selected

priority wetlands

Number of Regions that submitted Master Plans for Ecotourism for priority freshwater wetlands

Copies of

Master

Plans

Strategy 5

Implement sustainable

aquaculture practices in freshwater wetlands

1.0 Regulate aquaculture

and stocking of exotic

species in wetlands

67

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

- Enforce zero

introduction of

exotic species for

aquaculture in

freshwater

wetlands with

reference to the

Wildlife Act

LGU ordinance on zero introduction of exotic species for aquaculture in priority freshwater wetlands passed

DENR-

PAWB,

DA-BFAR

DENR-ROs,

PCMARD,

LGUs,

SCPW,

NGOs

LGU Ordinances

passed

Number of LGU

ordinances passed

Copy of the

LGU

ordinance

1.0 Promote policies that

support sustainable

aquaculture (i.e. FAO

Code of Conduct for

Responsible Fisheries

and other Codes of

Conduct for Sustainable

Aquaculture, BFAR

AO1-2008 (joint DA,

DILG, DENR), Wildlife

Act

Include in the National CEPA Action Plan for Wetlands

DENR,

DA-BFAR

SEAFDEC,

LLDA,

SCPW

Inclusion in the

National CEPA

Action Plan for

Wetlands

Item in the

National CEPA

Action Plan for

Wetlands

Copy of

National

CEPA

Action Plan

for

Wetlands

Conduct vulnerability

study on the impacts of

climate change on

freshwater aquaculture

One study

completed

DOST-PCMARD; DA-BFAR

DENR-

ERDB,

Academe

68

Thematic Area 3: Coastal and Marine Wetlands

Outcome : Resilient and stable coastal and marine wetland ecosystems, reduced poverty among coastal communities

Overall Goal : Sustainable utilization of coastal and marine ecosystems, enhanced livelihood of coastal communities

Overall Objectives:

To improve management and conservation of coastal and marine wetlands.

To provide alternative livelihood to wetland-dependent communities

Indicators:

Environment/ecological: coastal productivity (fish catch), quality and area of mangrove, beach forests estuaries, segrass and coral reefs) Socio-economic: income, equity; job or livelihood opportunities; access to common resources

DRAFT ACTION PLAN

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 1: Enhance baseline data on and conduct

assessment and monitoring of coastal and marine wetlands

1.0 Conduct an inventory, assessment and monitoring of priority coastal and marine wetlands

- Conduct of national workshop to standardize terms (i.e. major marine and coastal

1 National Workshop conducted

DENR-PAWB

NAMRIA, DENR-RBCO, DENR-ROs, LGUs, PCAMRD,

Standard terminologies, methods and procedures for coastal and

Number of workshops conducted

Activity Report; Compilation of Standard Terms,

69

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

wetlands), methods and procedures for inventory, assessment and monitoring

academe marine wetland inventory

Methods and Procedures

- Prepare an inventory of major coastal and marine wetlands with maps

1 inventory per Region

DENR-PAWB, NAMRIA

DENR-RBCO, DENR-Ros, LGUs, PCAMRD, academe, NGOs

Updated inventory of major coastal and marine wetlands per Region

Number of Regions that submitted inventories

Report of inventories

- Conduct an assessment of the country’s major coastal and marine wetlands (biological, physico-chemical, socio-economic including tenurial status)

6 major coastal and marine wetlands assessed per Region

11 major coastal and marine wetlands assessed per Region

11 major coastal and marine wetlands assessed per Region

DENR-PAWB CMMO BFAR LGUs

PAWB ERDB, NAMRIA, PCMARRD, academe, NGOs

Profiles of selected priority coastal and marine wetlandds (biological, physic-chemical, socio-economic, including tenurial status)

Number of priority coastal and marine wetlands assessed

Assessment Reports; Profiles of wetlands that were assessed

- Monitor selected priority coastal and marine wetlands

6 major coastal and marine wetlands monitored per Region

11 major coastal and marine wetlands monitored

11 major coastal and marine wetlands monitored

DENR-PAWB CMMO BFAR LGUs

PAWB ERDB, NAMRIA, PCMARRD, academe,

Monitoring data on selected priority coastal and marine

Number of coastal and marine wetlands monitored

Data on the state of priority coastal and marine wetlands

70

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

per Region per Region NGOs NFRDI, Intl research orgs

wetlands

1.0 Develop a Database on the country’s coastal and marine wetlands -

- Review existing databases on costal and marine wetlands

Review conducted and recommendations for systematic access to database

DENR-PAWB, CMMO

PAWB,ERDB, NAMRIA, BFAR, PCAMRD, LGUs, NGOs, academe

Recommend-ations

Review conducted Reports

- Develop a system for the easy access to coastal and marine databases

1 online database Updating and maintenance of online databases

Updating and maintenance of online databases

DENR-PAWB, CMMO

PAWB,ERDB, NAMRIA, BFAR, PCAMRD, LGUs, NGOs, academe

Online databases on coastal and marine wetlands

Number of system developed

Reports

- Link to national and regional databases e.g. CHM, NSAP, MSN, MIDAS, Reef Base

Regional databases linked to CHM and other web-based databases

DENR-PAWB, CMMO

BFAR, PCMARRD, LGUs, academe, NGOs,POs NFRDI, Intl research orgs

Links established to other databases

Number of links established

Report; system test

71

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 2

Rehabilitation of degraded coastal and marine wetlands

1.0 Conduct workshops to review protocol on the rehabilitation, restoration of mangroves and beach areas to include history of vegetative cover –

2 workshops conducted

PAWB-CMMO, ERDB

POs, NGOs, LGUs, DENR ROs, FARMCs, BFAR, Academe

Amended protocol on the rehabilitation, restoration of mangroves and beach forest

Number of workshops conducted

Activity Report; copy of revised protocol

2.0 Issuance of a directive to adopt and dissemination the revised protocol

Directive issues PAWB-CMMO, ERDB

POs, NGOs, LGUs, DENR ROs, FARMCs, BFAR, Academe

DAO or similar directive issued

Issuance of DAO or similar directive

Copy of DAO or similar directive

3.0 Following the amended protocol, conduct mangrove and beach rehabilitation activities in selected priority sites

5% of the total denuded areas reforested

20% of the total denuded areas

25% of the total denuded areas

PAWB-CMMO, LGUs

POs, NGOs, LGUs, DENR ROs, FARMCs, BFAR, Academe

Improved and expanded mangrove and beach forest – including abandoned fishponds within the beach areas, returned to the natural state

Number of hectares reforested

Report and site visit

72

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

4.0 Establishment of Marine Protected Areas

Establishment of 3 MPAs

Establishment of 6 MPAs

Establishment of 11 MPAs

PAWB-CMMO, ERDB

POs, NGOs, LGUs, DENR ROs, FARMCs, BFAR, Academe

Marine Protected Areas established

Number of MPAs established

Reports; Site visit

5.0 Conduct re-stocking and sea ranching activities

- Conduct a workshop to develop protocols for re-stocking and sea-ranching

Workshop

conducted

PAWB-

CMMO,

ERDB

POs, NGOs,

LGUs, DENR

ROs, FARMCs,

BFAR,

Academe

Protocols

developed

Workshop

conducted

Activity

Report; copy

of protocol

- Identify species for re-stocking and sea ranching

Species identified PAWB-

CMMO,

ERDB

POs, NGOs,

LGUs, DENR

ROs, FARMCs,

BFAR,

Academe

List of species

for re-stocking

and sea-

ranching

Number of species

identified

Reports

- Conduct re-stocking and sea-ranching activities in selected coastal and marine wetlands

How many re-

stocking, sea-

ranching projects

per year and

where?

How many

re-stocking,

sea-ranching

projects per

year and

where?

How many

re-stocking,

sea-ranching

projects per

year and

where?

PAWB-

CMMO,

ERDB

POs, NGOs,

LGUs, DENR

ROs, FARMCs,

BFAR,

Academe

Areas re-

stocked; areas

of sea-

ranching

activities

established

Number of re-

stocking and/or

sea ranching

projects per

Region per year

Reports; site

visits

6.0 Launch and implement a project on ‘ADOPT-A

Project launched

and implemented

DENR-

PAWB

Private sector, LGU,DENR,

Project

launched and

Number of Regions

that launched and

Reports;

agreement

73

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

WETLAND’ in all Regions NGOs stakeholders

implemented

in all Regions

are implementing

the project

instruments;

site visit

Strategy 3 Promote ecotourism as

a conservation strategy for coastal and marine wetlands

1.0 Updating of the list of

coastal and marine

wetlands with

ecotourism potential

(hyperlinke to strategy

1 and to policy matrix

on mapping)

One List per Region updated

DENR-

PAWB,

DOT

academe,

NGOs/POs,

LGUs

Inventory and

profile of

coastal and

marine

wetlands with

ecotourism

potential

Number of Regions

that submitted an

updated listing and

profile of wetlands

with ecotourism

potential

Report; copy

of list

2.0 Conduct mapping of

coastal and marine

wetlands with eco-

tourism potential

(hyperlink to policy

matrix on mapping)

1 map per Region prepared

NAMRIA DENR-PAWB,

DOT, LGUs,

NGOs

Maps of

wetlands with

ecotourism

potential

Number of Regions

that submitted

maps

Report; Copies

of maps

3.0 Develop ecotourism

Master Plans in

selected priority

wetland sites

1 Master Plan developed for priority wetlands per Region per year

1 Master Plan

developed for

priority

wetlands per

1 Master Plan

developed for

priority

wetlands per

DENR-

PAWB,

DOT

academe,

NGOs/POs,

LGUs, resort

owners

Ecotourism

Master Plans

for selected

priority

Number of Regions

that submitted

Master Plans for

Ecotourism for

Copies of

Master Plans

74

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Region per

year

Region per

year

wetlands priority freshwater

wetlands

4.0 Conduct piloting ecotourism activities in selected sites to include key habitat types of coastal and marine wetlands

2 pilot ecotourism activities implemented

2 pilot ecotourism activities implemented

2 pilot ecotourism activities implemented

DENR-

PAWB,

DOT

academe,

NGOs/POs,

LGUs, resort

owners,

communities

Pilot

ecotourism

activities

implemented

Number of pilot

activities

implemented

Reports; site

visit

5.0 Conduct IEC on the role of coastal and marine ecotourism in wetland conservation

- Produce an AVP in English, Filipino, Cebuano and Ilocano)

1 AVP in 4

languages

produced and

shown in local

events; exposure

on radio and TV

Exposure of

AVP on radio

and television

DENR-

PAWB,

DOT

PAO,LGUs,

resort owners,

communities

AVP produced

and shown in

local events,

on radio and

on TV

Number of AVP

produced

Number of

exposures in local

events, on radio

and on TV

Copy of the

AVP; reports

- Produce community bulletins (poster type) in vernacular

Community

Bulletins

produced in

vernacular

DENR-

PAWB,

DOT

PAO,LGUs,

resort owners,

communities

Community

Bulletins

produced

Number of

Community

Bulletins produced

Reports; copy

of the

Community

Bulletins

6.0 Implement marketing activities to promote eco-

DENR-

PAWB,

IEC materials

developed and

Types and

numbers of IEC

Sample

collaterals

75

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

tourism sites DOT,LGU disseminated materials/

collaterals

- Develop websites for pilot ecotourism activities/sites

1 Website

developed per

pilot site

DENR-

PAWB,

DOT

PAO,LGUs,

resort owners,

communities

Website

developed

Number of

websites

developed;

number of hits

Report and

URL of

website

Strategy 4

Implement sustainable aquaculture practices

1.0 Promote appropriate aquaculture in coastal and marine areas

- Development of management plans for coastal and marine aquaculture sites/parks

Management

Plans developed

for aquaculture

sites/parks

(1 per Region)

Management

Plans

developed for

aquaculture

sites/parks

(1 per

Region)

Management

Plans

developed for

aquaculture

sites/parks

(1 per

Region)

DENR

DA-BFAR

PCAMRD,

NFRDI, LGUs,

POs, FARMCs,

Academe,

SEAFDEC/AQD,

World Fish,

Funding

Institutions

Management

Plans

Number of Regions

who submitted

Management Plans

Reports; copy

of

management

plans

- Identification of

appropriate

aquaculture

systems in coastal

and marine areas

List of

appropriate

aquaculture

systems

DENR

DA-BFAR

PCAMRD,

NFRDI, LGUs,

POs, FARMCs,

Academe,

SEAFDEC/AQD,

Listing of

appropriate

aquaculture

systems

Number of Listing Copy of List

76

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

and suitable

mariculture sites

World Fish

2.0 Conduct monitoring of

aquaculture parks

1 aquaculture

park

monitored

per Region

1 aquaculture

park

monitored

per Region

DENR

DA-BFAR

PCAMRD,

NFRDI, LGUs,

POs, FARMCs,

Academe,

SEAFDEC/AQD,

World Fish

Monitoring of

aquaculture

parks

Number of parks

monitored

Monitoring

Reports

3.0 Compile

documentation of Best

Practices in marine and

coastal aquaculture

1 Best Practice

documented per

Region per year

1 Best

Practice

documented

per Region

per year

1 Best

Practice

documented

per Region

per year

DENR

DA-BFAR

PCAMRD,

NFRDI, LGUs,

POs, FARMCs,

Academe,

SEAFDEC/AQD,

World Fish

Best Practice

Documentation

Number of best

Practices

documented

Reports;

copies of best

practice

documentation

Strategy 5

Research and Development

1.0 Conduct studies on carrying capacity of small islands and other coastal and marine ecosystems (e.g. ecotourism)Conduct carrying capacity for Ecotourism

1 study per

Region

conducted

1 study per

Region

conducted

DENR-

ERDB,

PAWB

Academe,

PCAMRD,

NFRDI, LGUs,

NGOs

Carrying

Capacity of

selected small

islands and

other coastal

and marine

wetlands

Number of Regions

submitting results

of study ----study

conducted;

carrying capacity

models/prescritions

Research

Report

77

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

2.0 Conduct vulnerability study on flora and fauna to sea level rise

1 study

conducted

DENR-

ERDB,

PAWB

Academe,

PCAMRD,

NFRDI, LGUs

Study

conducted

Completion of

study

Research

Report

Strategy 6

Establishment of Critical habitat for Threatened/endangered spp (i.e. pawikan)

1.0 In coordination with concerned LGUs and communities, identify, assess, and declare as critical habitats areas where endangered species are found

Areas identified,

assessed and

declared as

critical habitats

Areas

identified,

assessed and

declared as

critical

habitats

Areas

identified,

assessed and

declared as

critical

habitats

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs, POs,

NGOs, Private

sector

Areas declared

and managed

critical habitats

Number and size

or areas declared

as critical habitats

Reports

2.0 Develop and implement Management Plans of established critical habitats

Critical habitats

with

Management

Plans

Management

Plans

implemented

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs, POs,

NGOs, Private

sector

Management

Plans of

Critical

Habitats

Number of Critical

Habitats with

Management Plans

Reports; copy

of

Management

Plans

78

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term (2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 7

Coastal and Marine Law Enforcement

1.0 Deputize Wetland Enforcement Officers

- Organize citizen brigades to be deputized as Wetland Enforcement Officers

Wetland

Enforcement

Officers

organized (1

per priority

wetland)

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs, POs,

NGOs,

Communities

Wetland

enforcement

officers

organized and

deputized

Number of

Wetland

Enforcement

Officers deputized

Reports

- Conduct training on coastal and marine law enforcement

Training

conducted

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs, POs,

NGOs,

Communities

Wetland

enforcement

officers trained

Number of

trainings

conducted

Activity

Report;

Training

module

79

Thematic Area 4: Enabling Activities

Goals :

• Increased awareness, understanding and appreciation of key stakeholders on the functions and importance of wetlands.

• Increased capacity of key stakeholders to implement wetland conservation measures

Overall Objectives:

• To increase the awareness, understanding and appreciation of key stakeholders on the functions and importance of wetlands

• To enhance the capacity of stakeholders so that they are more capable of implementing wetland conservation and sustainable and

equitable measures. (improve)

• To promote collaboration among stakeholders for effective wetland management; and

Indicators :

• Number of trained stakeholder groups applying learning (e.g, monitoring, etc.).

• Comprehensive educational program for in-school and out-of-school youth, communities, and decision-makers on wetlands functioning,

values and management;

• Functional institutional structure to manage priority wetlands; and

ACTION PLAN

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Strategy 1: Compiling and

organizing information on

Philippine Wetlands and

making these accessible to

stakeholders

80

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

1.0 Establishment of a

metadatabase and information

clearinghouse on Philippine

wetlands (Resource Center)

Create a

section in the

CHM on

Philippine

wetlands

Database

maintained

and

enhanced

Database

maintained

and

enhanced

DENR-

PAWB

DENR-FMB,

DA-BFAR,

ERDB,

PCMARD,

academe,

NGOs and

POs,private

sector,

other

partners

Database and

clearinghouse

on wetlands

established

as part of the

CHM,maintai

ned and

enhanced

periodically

Section on

wetlands created in

the CHM

Functional

electronic

database as a

section in the CHM

2.0 Disseminate information and support CDM, REDD+ and other carbon financing mechanisms for mitigation and adaptation

Include

information

on CDM,

REDD+ and

other carbon

financing

mechanism in

the wetland

section of the

CHM

DENR; DILG; KLIMA; Leagues (Cities, Municipalities Climate

Change

FMB,

PAWB,

EMB,

ERDB,etc.

Information

on CDM,

REDD+ and

other carbon

financing

mechanism

included in

the wetland

section of the

CHM

Wetlands section of

the CHM contains

information on

CDM, REDD+ and

other carbon

financing

mechanism;number

of hits

Copy of the

information on the

website

Strategy 2: Knowledge

Management

1.0 Replication of best

practices in wetland

conservation

Compilation

of best

practices

published on

Number of best

practices

documented;

number of hits

Reports; URL of

website

81

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

the website

every 2

years.

- develop criteria for selection of best practices

1 set of criteria formulated

DENR-

PAWB

TWG on

Wetlands

Criteria for

selection of

best practices

in wetland

conservation

Set of criteria

formulated.

Copy of approved

criteria

- Identify, document,

compile, and include in

the CHM, best practice/

working models of

wetland management

1 best practice documented and included in the CHM (per Region)

1 best

practice

documented

and included

in the CHM

(per Region)

1 best

practice

documented

and included

in the CHM

(per Region)

DENR-

PAWB;

DENR-

PAWDs

TWG on

Wetlands

DILG

LGU,

Galing-

Pook

Compilation

of best

practices

published on

the website

every 2

years.

Number of best

practices/working

models

documented and

included in the

wetland section of

the CHM

Copies of write-

up/ case studies;

wetland section in

the CHM website

- Present the

CHM/wetland section to

the Leagues (Cities,

Municipalities, etc)

1 Presentation each in the Annual Conferences of the various Leagues

1 Presentation each in the Annual Conferences of the various Leagues

1 Presentation each in the Annual Conferences of the various Leagues

DENR-

PAWB

TWG on

Wetlands

DILG

LGU

Presentations

at the Annual

Conferences

of the various

Leagues

Number of

presentations made

per year to the

various Leagues

Activity Report

with photo-

documentation

Strategy 3: Preparing,

adopting and Implementing

the Communication,

Education, Participation,

82

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

and Awareness (CEPA)

Action Plan

1.0 Conduct CEPA Action

Planning and integrated them

into Regional and local plans

One National

CEPA Action

Plan

formulated

Regional

CEPA Action

Plan per

Region

formulated

and

implemente

d (1 per

Region)

National and

Regional

CEPA Plan

reviewed

DENR-

PAWB,

SCPW

SCPW, DA-

BFAR,

ERDB,

PCMARD,

academe,

NGOs and

POs,private

sector,

National

CEPA Action

Plan for

Philippine

Wetlands

Number of CEPA

Action Plan

prepared

Copy of document

- Conduct small group

workshop to

revisit/update Draft

Wetlands

Communications Plan

Conduct one

small group

workshop to

finalize the

CEPA Action

Plan

Conduct

annual

evaluation

and

assessment

of the

implementat

ion of the

CEPA Action

Plan

Conduct

annual

evaluation

and

assessment

of the

implementat

ion of the

CEPA Action

Plan

DENR

SCPW

DA-BFAR,

ERDB,

academe,

NGOs and

POs,private

sector,

other

partners

Workshop

conducted;

CEPA Plan

updated

Number of

workshops

conducted

Activity Report;

copy of updated

CEPA Action Plan

- Adoption and

integration of National

CEPA Action Plan into

Regional and Local

Plans

National

CEPA Action

Plan adopted

and

implemented

CEPA Action

Plan

integrated

into

Regional

CEPA Action

Plan

integrated

into

Regional

DENR SCPW, DA-

BFAR,

ERDB,

academe,

NGOs and

Adopted

National

CEPA Action

Plan;

integration of

Number of Regions

that have

integrated the

national CEPA

Action Plan into

Document

adopting the Plan;

Reports

83

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

at all levels

by

integrating

them into

Regional and

local plans

and Local

Plans

implemente

d at all

levels

and Local

Plans

implemente

d at all

levels

POs,private

sector,

other

partners

national

CEPA Action

Plan into

Regional and

other local

plans;

implementati

on at all

levels

their Regional

Plans; Number of

local plans that

have integrated the

CEPA Action Plan;

Number of partner

organizations

implementing the

CEPA Plan

2.0 Upscale existing CEPA

activities

- Mainstream Dalaw-Turo

in public and private

schools through local

resolutions

1 Resolution

either at the

Regional,

Provincial, or

Local level

(per Region)

1 Resolution

either at the

Regional,

Provincial,

or Local

level (per

Region)

1 Resolution

either at the

Regional,

Provincial,

or Local

level (per

Region)

DENR,

LGU,

DepEd

Resolutions

mainstreamin

g Dalaw-Turo

in public and

private

schools in

specific

localities

Number or

Resolutions passed

Copies of

Resolutions

- Translate CEPA

materials into

vernacular

Prepare

primer on

wetlands in

Filipino,

Cebuano and

Ilocano

Prepare

primer on

wetlands in

3 other

vernacular

languages

Prepare

primer on

wetlands in

3 other

vernacular

languages

DENR-

PAWB

NGOs,

Academe

Primers

translated

into major

Philippine

languages/di

alects

Number of

languages/dialects

used in translating

the primers

Copy of translated

primers

- Expand the conduct of 2 Wetlands 2 Wetlands 2 Wetlands SCPW, LGUs, Wetlands Number of Activity Report

84

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Wetlands Caravan in

priority wetlands

Caravan

conducted

per year

Caravan

conducted

per year

Caravan

conducted

per year

DENR DepEd,

academe,

NGOs

Caravan

conducted

Wetlands Caravan

conducted

with

photodocumentati

on

3.0 Establish Wetlands

Information Centres in priority

wetlands

3 wetland

centres

established

and

operational

3 wetland

centres

established

and

operational

3 wetland

centres

established

and

operational

DENR-

PAWB

LGUs,

SCPW,

NGOs,

academe

Wetlands

Information

Centres

established

and

operational

Number of

Wetlands

Information

Centres established

and operational

Reports

4.0 Develop a framework for

stakeholder participation

Framework

development

and piloting

in selected

priority

wetlands

Documentati

on and

replication

Documentati

on and

replication

DENR-

PAWB

Other

DENR

agencies,

SCPW and

other

partners

Framework

for

Stakeholder

Participation

(Defined level

of

participation

for each key

stakeholder)

Number of

frameworkdevelope

d

Copy of document

5.0 Hold a National Wetlands

Conference every three years –

1 Conference

held 2012

1

Conference

held

1

Conference

held

DENR-

PAWB,

SCPW

PCMARD,

ERDB,

National

Wetlands

Conference

held every 3

years

Number of

Conference held

Conference Report

6.0 Providing incentives for

wetland conservation

85

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

- Implement “Philippine

Wetlands Conservation

Award” every 4 years

Bi-annual

search and

awarding

implemented

Bi-annual

search and

awarding

implemente

d

Bi-annual

search and

awarding

implemente

d

DENR-

PAWB

DENR-ROs,

other

partners

(GAs,

NGOs, POs,

Academe)

Search and

awarding of

winners for

Philippine

Wetland

Conservation

Award

Number of

Awarding events

implemented

Names of

awardees, Activity

Report

- Implement Eco-

certification or similar

incentive/recognition

scheme in priority

wetlands with

ecotourism potential

Develop and

adopt

guidelines for

Eco-

Certification

of wetland

activities;

implement

eco-

certification

(1 site per

region/year)

implement

eco-

certification

(1 site per

region/year)

DENR-

PAWB

DOT, LGUs,

other Gas

Eco-

Certification

Guidelines

developed

and adopted;

Eco-

certificates

issued

Eco-Certification

guidelines

formulated and

adopted; Number

of eco-certificates

issued

Copy of guidelines

and endorsement;

Reports

- Search for a local, (popular term?) and icon (champion) for wetland to be implemented at the local or site level –

Hold a

contest

among the

youth to

choose a

local wetland

champion

DENR-

PAWB

SCPW,

business

Contest to

choose local

wetland

champion

held

Number of contest

held

Name of local

wetland

champion; Activity

Report

Strategy 4:

Capacity Development and

Enhancement

1.0 Preparation of a Capacity

86

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

Development Plan for wetlands

management

- Conduct of capacity

needs assessment for

wetlands conservation

in priority wetland areas

with recommendations

for the Capacity

Development Plan

Conduct

capacity

needs

assessment

study

DENR-

PAWB

DENR-

ROs, ERDB,

EMB, MGB,

LLDA,

other

partners

Capacity

needs

assessment

report

Number of

assessment study

conducted

Report of the

Study

- Preparation of the

Capacity Development

Plan

Conduct of

National and

Regional

Conference

to validate

Plan

DENR-

PAWB

DENR-

ROs, ERDB,

EMB, MGB,

LLDA,

other

partners

Capacity

Development

Plan for

Wetland

Management

Number of

Conference

conducted

Activity Report

with

photodocumentati

on; copy of the

Capacity

Development Plan

for Wetland

Management

- Adoption and

dissemination of the

Capacity Development

Plan for Wetland

Management

Adoption and

virtual

publication in

the wetland

section of the

CHM

DENR-

PAWB

DENR-

ROs, ERDB,

EMB, MGB,

LLDA,

other

partners

Capacity

Development

Plan for

Wetland

Management

adopted

through an

endorsement

or directive

Endorsement or

directive issued by

DENR adopting the

Plan; Plan

uploaded/published

in the wetland

section of the CHM

Endorsement or

directive;

publication on the

website

87

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

- Implementation and

monitoring of the

Capacity Development

Plan for Wetlands

Conservation in the

Philippines

Implementati

on monitored

and assessed

annually

Implementat

ion

monitored

and

assessed

annually

Implementat

ion

monitored

and

assessed

annually

DENR-

PAWB

DENR-

Regional

Offices;

other

partners

Assessment

and

Monitoring

Conducted

Number of

assessment and

monitoring

evaluations

conducted

annually.

Monitoring

Reports

2.0 Enhance human capacity for

management of wetlands (i.e.

formal and non formal

education)

- Conduct training on

specific topics

Training on

water quality

monitoring

Training on

bio-

monitoring

Training

conducted

Number of trainings

conducted; number

of people trained;

tracking of impact

of training on the

participant’s work

Activity Report;

Training curricula;

training aids

developed for the

course

Orientation

on the

National

Ecotourism

Strategy

Training on

stock/specie

s

assessment

-do- Activity Reprort;

Training curricula;

training aids

developed for the

course

Training in

natural

resources

management

for key

Training on

appropriate

sustainable

livelihood

technologies

-do- Activity Report;

Training curricula;

training aids

developed for the

course

88

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

decision

makers;

;

Training on

bird banding

Training of

community

and school-

based

monitoring,

e.g., river

watch,

CLMN

-do- Activity Report;

Training curricula;

training aids

developed for the

course

Training on

liquid and

solid waste

management

-do-

Participatory

resource

assessment

and

monitoring

Conduct

eco-tourism

capacity-

building

activities for

local

89

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

communities

Conduct

training on

tour-guiding

and home-

stay

Conduct

learning

visits to

other

developed

ecotourism

sites

3.0 Strengthen Institutional

Capacity for wetlands

conservation

Formation of National Wetlands

Committee or a similar entity to

provide policy direction and

oversee the implementation of

the National Wetlands Action

Plan

National

Wetlands

Committee or

a similar

body

reconstituted

National

Wetlands

Committee

or a similar

body

operational

National

Wetlands

Committee

or a similar

body

operational

DENR-

PAWB

PCSD-

Sub-

Committee

on

Biodiversity

National

Wetlands

Committee or

a similar

body formed

4.0 Build Financial Capacity Resource

Mobilization

Resource

Mobilization

Resource

Mobilization

DENR-

PAWB

SCPW and

other

Resource

Mobilization

Resource

Mobilization Plan

Copy of the

Resource

90

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

(internal resource mobilization)

- Prepare and implement

a Resource Mobilization

Plan for Wetlands

Conservation

Plan

prepared

Plan

implemente

d

Plan

implemente

d

partners Plan prepared and

implemented

Mobilization Plan

- Conduct of Partners

Meeting

One partners

meeting

conducted

DENR-

PAWB

SCPW

Meeting

conducted

Conduct of meeting Minutes of

Meeting; pledges

from partners

Strategy 5: Development

and/or Implementation of

Innovative Methods, Tools

and Technologies for

Wetland Management

1.0 Development of (an integrated) wetland management framework for wetland management at the local level consistent with the CLUP and investment plan

(Integrated) wetland management framework for local wetlands developed

(Integrated) wetland management framework integrated into local plans

DENR-

PAWB

DILG,

LGUs,

Framework

for local

(integrated)

management

of wetlands

developed

and

integrated

into local

plans

Number of local

plans that have

integrated the

wetland

management

framework

Copy of the

wetland

management

framework

2.0 Develop appropriate and

cost-effective monitoring

Monitoring tools

Implement

monitoring

DENR-

PAWB

Monitoring

Tool

Number of

monitoring tools

Copy of

document/report

91

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

tools that take into

consideration biophysical

and socio cultural aspects

developed (1 for inland wetlands; 1 for coastal and marine wetlands)

tools in pilot

sites (6 sites

– Luzon,

Visayas,

Mindanao; 3

inland/3

coastal and

marine per

major island

group)

developed

- Identification of

important indicators for

monitoring wetland

conditions;

Wetland indicators identified and included in the monitoring system

DENR-

PAWB

ERDB,

Academe

Wetland

indicators

identified

Number of

indicators identified

Report

3.0 Apply management

effectiveness assessment

method for areas with

existing management plans

Application of

management

effectiveness

assessment

method in

one pilot site

DENR Assessment

Method

applied

4.0 Implement pilot rainwater

harvesting facilities in

households near or on

priority wetlands

1 pilot project

per region

Upscaling to

3 project

sites per

region

Replication (1 per

province in

each region)

DENR,

NWRB,

PCWS

PCWS,

SCPW

NGOs,

academe

Rainwater

harvesting

pilot projects.

Number of

rainwater

harvesting pilot

projects in priority

Reports;

documentation.

92

Project/Activities

Targets and Timetable

Implementing

Agencies/Organizations

Expected

Outputs

Indicators

Means of

Verification

Short Term (2010-2012)

Medium Term

(2010-2014)

Long Term (2010-2016)

Lead

Support

and other

partners

wetlands.

5.0 Conduct a study to come

up with a scheme for the

phase-out of aquaculture in

NIPAS sites that existed

before RA 7086

Study

conducted

DENR-

PAWB;

DA-BFAR

Phase-out

Plan of

aquaculture

in wetlands

that are in

KBAs and

NIPAS sites

formulated

and

implemented

Number of studies

conducted

Report of the

Study

93

Annex A Priority Wetlands for the NWAPP 2011-2016

(Based on conservation priorities of the PBCP and the KBAs (terrestrial and marine)

CONSERVATION

PRIORITIES

MUNICIPALITIES

BIOGRAPHIC

REGION

PROVINCE/REGION

COASTAL / MARINE

1. Batanes Islands Protected Landscape and Seascape

Basco, Ivana, Mahatao, Uyugan, Sabtang, Itbayat

Batanes Batanes (II)

2. Babuyanes Islands Babuyan, Calayan, Dalupiri, Fuga, Camiguin Norte

Babuyanes Cagayan (II)

3. Buguey Wetlands Aparri, Camalaniugan, Buguey, Santa Teresita Greater Luzon Cagayan (II)

4. Manila Bay Orani, Hermosa, Lubao, Guagua, Bacolor, San Fernando, Minalin, Apalit, Macabebe, Masantol,

Santa Maria, Sasmuan, Lubao, Hagonoy, Calumpit, Malolos, Paombong, Plaridel, Bulacan,

Guiguinto, Balagtas, Pandi, Bocaue, Obando, Meycauayan, Marilao, San Jose del Monte,

Caloocan, Malabon, Valenzuela

Greater Luzon Pampanga, Manila, Rizal, & Bulacan

(NCR, IV, III)

5. Pagbilao and Tayabas Bay

Pagbilao Greater Luzon Quezon (IV)

6. Ragay Gulf San Narciso, Buenavista, Guinayangan, Tagkawayan, Del Gallego, Ragay

Greater Luzon Camarines Sur & Quezon (V, IV)

7. Mactan,Kalawisan, Cansaga Bay

Mandaue City, Lapu-lapu, Cebu City, Consolacion

Greater Negros-Panay

Cebu (VII)

8. Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park

Cagayancillo Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

9. Polillo Island Bordeos, Polillo, Panukulan, Patnanungan Greater Luzon Quezon (IV)

10. Caramoan Peninsula

Lagonoy, Presentacion, Garchitorena Greater Luzon Camarines Sur (V)

11. Puerto Galera Abra de Ilog, Puerto Galera, San Teodoro, Santa Cruz

Greater Mindoro Mindoro Occidental (IV)

12. Ursula Island Bataraza Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

13. Balabac Group of Islands

Balabac Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

14. Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park

Pandan, Libertad, Nabas, Buruanga, Malay Greater Negros-Panay

Aklan & Antique (VI)

15. Olango Island Lapu-lapu Greateer Negros-Panay

Cebu (VII)

16. Biliran and Maripipi Islands

Almeria, Biliran, Cabucgayan, Caibiran, Caluba, Kawayan

Greater Mindanao

Biliran (VIII)

17. Siargao Island Protected Land and Seascape

Santa Monica, Burgos, San Isidro, Pilar, General Luna, Dapa, Del Carmen, San Benito, Socorro

Greater Mindanao

Surigao del Norte (CARAGA)

18. Tawi-tawi Island Languyan, Bungao Greater Sulu Tawi-tawi (ARMM)

19. Simunul and Manuk Manka Islands

Simunul Greater Sulu Tawi-tawi (ARMM)

94

20. Sibutu and Tumindao Islands

Sitankai Sibutu Tawi-tawi (ARMM)

21. El Nido Managed Resource Protected Area

El Nido, Taytay Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

22. Cabulao Bay Tagbilaran City Greater Mindanao

Bohol (VII)

23. Malampaya Sound San Vicente, Taytay Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

24. Balayan Bay Batangas Greater Luzon Batangas (IV)

25. Talabong Island and Bais Bay

Dumaguete City Greater Negros-Panay

Negros Oriental (VII)

26. Panguil Bay Ozamis and Tangub Aurora, Tambulay, and Ramon Magsaysay,

Zamboaga Sur and Kapatagan, Kulambugan,

Lanao Norte and Ozamis City and Tangub City,

Bonifacio, Misamis Occ.

Greater Mindanao

Zamboanga del Sur (IX)

27. Ulugan Bay Puerto Princesa City Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

28. Inabanga Coast Inabanga Greater Mindanao

Bohol (VII)

INLAND/FRESHWATER

1. Candaba Swamp Arayat, Candaba, Cabiao Greater Luzon Nueva Ecija, Pampanga & Bulacan (III)

2. Lalaguna Marsh Lopez Greater Luzon Quezon (IV)

3. Naujan Lake Naujan, Pola, Socorro, Victoria Greater Mindoro Mindoro Oriental (IV)

4. Coron Lakes Coron Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

5. Lake Manguao Taytay Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

6. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

Puerto Princesa Greater Palawan Palawan (IV)

7. Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary

Veruela, Loreto, Bunawan, La Paz, Talacogon, San Francisco, Rosario

Greater Mindanao

Agusan del Sur (CARAGA)

8. Lake Lanao Marawi City, Ditsaan Ramain, Buadipuso Buntong, Molundo, Taraka, Tamparan, Poona Bayabao, Masui, Lumbayanague, Lumbatan,

Bayang, Binidayan, Pagawayan, Ganassi, Madamba, Madalum, Bacolod-Kalawi, Tugaya,

Balindong, Marantao

Greater Mindanao

Lanao del Sur (ARMM)

9. Liguasan Marsh Pikit, M' Lang, Tulunan; Pagalungan, Gen. S.K. Pendatun,

Sultan sa Barongis; Don Mariano Marcos

Greater Mindanao

North Cotabato, Maguindanao,

South Cotabato, & Sultan Kudarat (XII, XI, ARMM)

95

Annex B Recommended Additional Priority Wetlands

(from Regional Consultations)

CONSERVATION

PRIORITIES

MUNICIPALITIES

BIOGRAPHIC

REGION

PROVINCE/REGION

Coastal/Marine Wetlands – Luzon

Taytay Bay Taytay, Palawan

Cabusao Wetland Cabusao, Camarines Sur

Prieto Diaz Mangroves Prieto Diaz, Sorsogon

Tambac Bay Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan

Coastal/Marine Wetlands - VisMin

Ormoc Bay, Leyte

Small islands between

Olango island, Cebu,

and Jatafe, Bohol

Sarangani Bay

Protected Seascape

General Santos City, Alabel, Malapatan,

Glan, Maasim, Maitum, and Kiamba

Sarangani

Sangay-Paril Lebak and Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat

Pujada Bay Protected

Landscape/Seascape

BAganga Bay

Protected

Landscape/Seascape

Malalag-Sulop

sandflats

Carmen-Panabo

sandflats

Sagay Marine

Reserve

(Migratory site)

Takklong Island

Marine Reserve

(presence of dugong, pawikan, tabon bird,

phil. Duck)

Baganga Mangrove

Area (1,200 has.)

Baganga, Davao Oriental

Pujada Bay Mati, Davao Oriental

Malalag Bay Malalag Davao del Sur Davao

del Sur

Siasi Island Sulu

Sitangkay Island Sitangkay, Tawi-tawi

Illana Bay Cotabato City, Panang, Mag; Datu Blah

Sunsuat, Mag; Kapatagan, Lanao Sur; Bungo

Island

Maguindanao, Lanao del

Sur

Freshwater Wetlands - Luzon

Lake Tagbunsaing Quezon, Palawan (brackish water lake)

(WWF to provide details)

96

RINCONADA

LAKES(Buhi, Bato,

Baao-Bula)

(including lakelets Manapao, Katugday,

Makuao)

Manoytoy (WWF to provide details)

Babuyan River (WWF)

Lake Malasi (PAWB)

Cagayan River (CSU to provide details)

Magat Reservoir

Abra River

Freshwater Wetlands – Vismin Group

Lake Danao, Camotes Islands

Lake Danao, Buac watershed, Southern Leyte

Lake Bito Leyte

Lake Mahagnaw, Burawan, Leyte

Lake Maragang Zamboanga Sibugay

Cave-sourced river

systems

(to be determined, e.g., Wahig-Inabanga river

system, Bohol)

So. Cotabato

Lake Sebu,

Lake Maughan Tiboli South Cotabato

Lake Buluan Lutayan, Sultan Kudarat, Buluan, and Mangodadato Buluan,

Maguindanao, Sultan

Kudarat

Lake Dapao Kalanogas, Lanao del Sur

Aliwagwag Protected

Landscape

Cateel

Davao River

Sibulan River

Tamugan River

Allah River South Cotabato

Lake Mainit Agusan del Norte

Vitali Watershed

TalonTalo,

Mampang,Tugbungayan Greater Mindanao-

Zamboanga City

Cagayan de Oro

River Basin

Bukidnon,(Libona,Talakag&Baungon),

Cagayan de Oro (Socio-economic important)

and Cagayan de Oro City

Budatu Lake Jolo, Sulu

Languyan River Languyan Tawi-tawi

Lake Pinamaloy Don Carlos Bukidnon

Lake Napalit Pangantukan, Bukidnon Pangantukan, Bukidnon

Magsaysay coastal

area

Magsaysay, Misamis

Occidental

Mantigue island Camiguin Island

Baliangao PLS Baligao, Misamis Occidental

Lake Duminagat (inside MMRNP)

Carmen wetlands Carmen Davao del Norte

97

Annex C Prioritization Based on Conservation Investments

Category (in terms conservation investment) (investment����management programs) LOW – with management plan and with investment MEDIUM – with management plan and minimum investment HIGH - NO management plan and no investment

LOW MEDIUM HIGH INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION

BASIS

Batanes island Protected area, high investment, remote area,

Babuyanes Island

Protected area, high investment, remote area,

Buguey Wetlands Research station of BFAR, included in ICRMP,

Manila Bay supreme court ruling to clean up

PAgbilao and Tayabas Bay

Study of ARCB

Ragay Gulf Study of ARCB Mactan,

Kalawisan, cansaga bay

Urban area

Tubbataha reef Polillo island Caramoan island Catching up for

tourism; Puerto Galera LGU manage Ursula island Bird sanctuary Balabac Group of

Islands Research only;

ongoing project on seaweeds by BFAR; no management plan

Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park

No more existing project, high threat because of mining

Olango Island Biliran and

MAripipi mining

Siargao Island Protected Land and Seascape

Tawi-tawi island BFAR programs; Haribon

Simunul and Manuk Manka islands

Threats Peace and order

Sibutu El Nido Cabulao Bay Malampaya Sound Balayan Bay Talabong

98

island and Bais Bay

Panguil Bay Proposing for Ramsar site

Ulugan Bay Inabanga Coast Awardee of good

governance (pwca)

Candaba Swamp

Included in River basin management plan;

Lalaguna Marsh

Probable peatland

Naujan Lake Probable peatland

Coron Lakes Lake Manguao Puerto Princesa Subterranean River NationalPark

Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary

Lake Lanao Liguasan Marsh

99

Bibliography

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