OB1-Group & Teams

8/9/2019 OB1-Group & Teams

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Organizational Behavior –

1


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•Define group and work team.

•Explain aspects of go!p "e#a$io.•Desci"e go!p fo%ation& t#e stages of a go!p's

de$elop%ent& and t#e c#aacteistics of a %at!e go!p.•Explain t#e tas( and %aintenance f!nctions in go!ps.•

Identif) t#e social "enefits of go!p and tea%%e%"es#ip.•Disc!ss di$esit) and ceati$it) in tea%s.•Disc!ss e%po*e%ent& tea%*o(& and self+%anaged

tea%s.•Explain t#e i%potance of !ppe ec#elons and top

%anage%ent tea%s.


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Groups & Teams

Group - two or more people withcommon interests, objectives, andcontinuing interaction

Work Team - a group of peoplewith complementar s!ills who arecommitted to a common mission,

performance goals, and approachfor which the hold themselvesmutuall accountable


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"h Teams#

Organizations are comple$sstems

%obs getting highl

compartmentalized Teams tend to e$ert more than

individual

Organizations getting more crosscultural

Technolog demands virtual teams

eg, 'awthrone e$periments b


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*haracteristics of a

"ell+unctioning, (-ectiveGroup

EfectiveGroups

Task well

understood

and accepted

Relaxed,

comortable,

inormal

atmosphere

People express

both eelins

and ideas

!embers

listen well

andparticipate


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EfectiveGroups

"learassinments

made andaccepted

Group awareo its operation

and unction

"on#ict anddisareementcenter around

ideas or methods

"onsensus

decision

makin


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,ee go!p

A pee go!p is a go!p *it# %e%"es of appoxi%atel) t#e sa%e age& social

stat!s& and inteests. Geneall)& people ae elati$el) e-!al in te%s of po*e

*#en t#e) inteact *it# pees.

Cli-!e An info%al& tig#t+(nit go!p& often in a ig# Sc#ool/College setting& t#at s#aes

co%%on inteests. 0ost cli-!es ex#i"it an esta"lis#ed )et s#ifting po*e

st!ct!e.

Cl!"

A cl!" is a go!p& *#ic# !s!all) e-!ies one to appl) to "eco%e a %e%"e.

S!c# cl!"s %a) "e dedicated to patic!la acti$ities1 spoting cl!"s& fo

exa%ple.

o!se#old

all indi$id!als *#o li$e in t#e sa%e #o%e. So%e c!lt!es %a) incl!de $aio!s

%odels of #o!se#old& incl!ding t#e fa%il)& "lended fa%ilies& s#ae #o!sing& and

go!p #o%es.Co%%!nit)

A co%%!nit) is a go!p of people *it# a co%%onalit) o so%eti%es a co%plex

net of o$elapping co%%onalities& often2"!t not al*a)s2in poxi%it) *it# one

anot#e *it# so%e degee of contin!it) o$e ti%e.

3anc#ise

an ogani4ation *#ic# !ns se$eal instances of a "!siness in %an) locations.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_group


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Gang

A gang is !s!all) an !"an go!p t#at gat#es in a patic!la aea. It is a go!p

of people t#at often #ang ao!nd eac# ot#e. T#e) can "e li(e so%e cl!"s& "!t

%!c# less fo%al.

0o"

A %o" is !s!all) a go!p of people t#at #as ta(en t#e la* into t#ei o*n #ands.0o"s ae !s!all) go!ps *#ic# gat#e te%poail) fo a patic!la eason.

,osse

A posse *as oiginall) fo!nd in Englis# co%%on la*. It is geneall) o"solete&

and s!$i$es onl) in A%eica& *#ee it is t#e la* enfoce%ent e-!i$alent of

s!%%oning t#e %ilitia fo %ilita) p!poses. o*e$e& it can also efe to asteet go!p.

S-!ad

T#is is !s!all) a s%all go!p& of ao!nd 5 to 6 people& *#o *o( as a tea% to

acco%plis# t#ei goals.

Tea%

si%ila to a s-!ad& t#o!g# a tea% %a) contain %an) %oe %e%"es. A tea%*o(s in a si%ila *a) to a s-!ad.

Ingo!p

A go!p to *#ic# *e do "elong

O!t go!p

A go!p to *#ic# *e do not "elong

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posse_comitatus_(common_law)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posse_comitatus_(common_law)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang


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Group Behavior$orms o %ehavior - the standards that a

wor! group uses to evaluate thebehavior of its members

Group "ohesion - the .interpersonal glue/that ma!es members of a group stic!

together&ocial 'oa(n - the failure of a group

member to contribute personal time,e-ort, thoughts, or other resources to

the group'oss o )ndividualit* - a social process in

which individual group members loseself+awareness and its accompaning

sense of accountabilit, inhibition, andres onsibilit for individual behavior


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"ohesiveness )n#uences

0everit of initiation *onditions of high e$ternal threat or

competition

Time spent together

Group size

'istor of success


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"ohesiveness Efects

ncreased group membersatisfaction ncreased participation in group

activities ncreased acceptance of group

goals 2otentiall high productivit

3ecreased absenteeism andturnover

)a be counterproductive if

group4s goals are contrar toor anization4s oals


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.rive Theor* o &ocial /acilitation


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&ocial 'oa(n


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"ultural &ocial 'oa(n

0 i & i l


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0vercomin &ocial'oa(n

)a!e each performer identi5able

)a!e wor! tas!s more importantand interesting

6eward individuals for contributingto their group4s performance

7se punishment threats


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Groups vs1 Teams


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T*pes o Teams


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Three ssues 8ddressedb Groups

nterpersonal issues9)atters of trust, personal comfort, andsecurit:

Tas! issues9)ission or purpose, methods, e$pectedoutcomes:

8uthorit issues9;eadership, managing power andin


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Group ormation

/ormal Groups -

o=cial or assignedgroups gathered toperform various tas!s

7 need ethnic, gender,cultural, andinterpersonal

diversit7 need professional

and geographicaldiversit

)normal Groups- uno=cial oremergent groupsthat evolve in thewor! setting togratif a variet ofmember needs not

met b formalgroups


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0tages of Groupormation

(mphasison

interpersonal concern

andawareness

)utual

acceptance

(mphasison tas!

planning,authorit

andin


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Tuc!man4s >+0tage)odel of Group 3evelopment

;ittleagreement

7nclearpurpose

Guidance& direction

/ormin

*on


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2unctuated (?uilibrium)odelGroups do not progress linearl

8lternate between periods of inertiaand bursts of energ


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)ature Group *haracteristicsPurpose and !ission)a be assigned or ma emerge from the group

Group often ree$amines, modi5es, revises, and?uestions mission and purpose

)ission converted into speci5c agenda, cleargoals, and a set of critical success factors

%ehavioral $orms - well+understood standards ofbehavior within a group

ormal & "ritten+ Ground rules for meetings

nformal or well understood+ wee!end dress code

Group "ohesion - interpersonal attraction bindinggroup members together

(nables groups to e$ercise e-ective control over themembers

&tatus &tructure - the set of authorit & tas!

relations among a group4s members'ierarchical or e alitarianOften team leadershi is


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*ohesiveness &"or!+6elated Tension

Group "ohesiveness

3 45 67 56 63 4847

$umber o roups

“Does your

work ever

make you

jumpy ornervous?”

Low score =

high tension

T e

n s i o n a t

w o r k

'ow 9ih

9ih

'ow

! i


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Team Tas! unctionsTask /unctions - those activities directlrelated to the e-ective completion of a

team4s wor!

.ianose

problems

Evaluateefectiveness

Testideas

&ummari:eideas

"oordinateactivities

Elaborateconcepts

Giveinormation

&eek

inormation

)nitiate+ctivities

TeamTasks

T ) i i


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Team )aintenance unctions

Reducetension

9armoni:econ#ict

"onsensustestin

Testroup

decisions

Express!ember

eelins

&etstandards

"ommunicationGate keepin

/ollow

others;leads

&upportothers

!aintenance/unctions

!aintenance /unctions - those activitiesessential to the e-ective, satisfinginterpersonal relationships within a team orgroup

T !


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Teamwor!Teamwork - joint action of people in which

individual interests

are subordinated to team unitNew TeamEnvironment

Old Work

Environment

,eson geneatesinitiati$es

,eson follo*s odes

Tea% c#ats its o*nsteps

0anage c#ats co!se

Rig#t to t#in( fo oneself.

,eople oc( "oat8 *o(toget#e

,eople confo%ed to %anage9s

diection. No one oc(ed t#e"oat.

,eople coopeate !singt#o!g#ts and feelings8diect tal(

,eople coopeated ")s!ppessing t#o!g#ts andfeelings8 *anted to get along


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@ualit *ircles & Teams


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0ocial Bene5ts of TeamsPs*choloical )ntimac* - emotional &

pschological closeness to other team orgroup members)nterated )nvolvement - closeness

achieved through tas!s & activities

+n attribute o a person or oan orani:ation;s culture

Preparation 2 careul plannin

ocuses empowered emplo*ees

Encouraesparticipation

&olve speci(c andlobal problems

(mpowerment


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&el-!anaeme

nt orTeam &kills

"ompetence&kills

Process&kills

"ommunication&kills

"ooperativ

eand

9elpin

%ehaviors

T * it i f ) i th


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Ten *riteria for )easuring the)aturit of a Group

3imension mmature Group )ature Group

1 eed bac! )echanisms 2oor ($cellent

A 3ecision ma!ingmethods

3sfunctional unctional

Group loaltCcohesion ;ow 'ighD Operating procedures n 7se of memberresources

2oor ($cellent

E *ommunication 7nclear *lear

F Goals ot accepted 8ccepted

H 8uthorit relations ndependent nterdependent

I 2articipation inleadership

;ow 'igh

1J 8cceptance of minorit

views

;ow high


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0elf+)anaged Teams

&el-!anaed Teams&el-.irected Teams+utonomous Work Groups -

teams that ma!e decisions that wereonce reserved for managers

'ow does an organization capitalize

on the advantages and avoid the ris!sof self managed teams#

?


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7pper (chelonsK Teams at the Top

?pper Echelons 8 top+level e$ecutive team in anorganization

• ;eadership stle, composition, anddnamics in


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pper c e onsK eams a e TopUpper Echelons – A top+le$el exec!ti$e

tea% in an ogani4ation

•Leades#ip st)le& co%position& and d)na%icsinfl!ences t#e ogani4ation9s pefo%ance

Di$esit) at t#e Top• 0!ltic!lt!al go!ps epesent t#ee o %oe et#nic

"ac(go!nds• Di$esit) %a) incease !ncetaint)& co%plexit)& :

in#eent conf!sion in go!p pocesses

• C!lt!all) di$ese go!ps %a) geneate %oe : "ette

ideas : li%it go!pt#in(

• T#ei "ac(go!nd c#aacteistics pedictogani4ational c#aacteistics

• Ogani4ation eflects t#ei $al!es& et#ics& co%petence&

and !ni-!e c#aacteistics


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A person who values his privileges abovehis principles soon loses both

.wiht .avid Eisenhower

Try not to become a man of success butrather try to become a man of values

Albert !instein

"ersonal lea#ership is the process ofkeeping your values an# vision before youan# aligning your life to be congruent with

them &tephen "ove*


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&teps in a "ase +nal*sis

).E$T)/@-main issues in the case and the topicAs in *ourcourse the case is re#ective o

RE/ER-to the theor* and research on the topic

+PP'@-in the anal*sis and proposals i an* =or a problemcase>

E'+%0R+TE on the relation between the acts o the caseand the theor* and research on the topic

"0$&).ER-various possibilities in the anal*sis 2 proposalsthat could be arrived at throuh the application o theor*and research on the topic

/0"?&-throuhout on the main pointAs the case writerAsisAare tr*in to make

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OB1-Group & Teams

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