Obstacles to the introduction of

the e Government Fernando Galindo

Zaragoza University, Spain

LEFIS SEMINAR ON E GOVERNMENT AND DIGITAL INCLUSION

& SEGUNDO ENCUENTRO IBERO LATINOAMERICANO

SOBRE GOBIERNO ELECTRÓNICO E INCLUSIÓN DIGITAL

Jaca, 26th and 27th July 2007

Summary

I. Activities directed to solve the obstacles to the introduction of e Government and to promote the digital inclusion, by LEFIS

II. Another initiatives, in comparisonIII. Objectives of the Jaca MeetingIV. Proposals to debate

I. LEFIS SEMINAR ON E GOVERNMENT AND DIGITAL INCLUSION

Programme

The LEFIS context

From Europe

Partners

www.lefis.org114 institutions

EuropeAmericaChina India

255 persons 260 persons in the distribution list

Last Meetings

Albarracín, Spain, 18th and 19th May 2007, the LEFIS virtual campus desing

Beijing, China, 12th June 2007, Electronic signature: several experiences

Beja, Portugal, 2th May 2007, Encontro Luso-Brasileiro sobre "Prote(c)ção do Consumidor no Comércio Ele(c)trónico"

Istambul,Turkey, 2nd and 3rd February 2007, Information and Communication Technologies: Teaching of e-government

Reykjavik, Iceland, 13th -14th July, Legal informatics and egovernance as tools for the knowledge Society

Rovaniemi, Finnland,19th and 20th January 2007,The LEFIS Teaching in the Faculties of Law

Santa Catarina, Brasil, 27th -28th June, Primeiro Encontro ibero latino americano de governo electronico e inclusao digital

Vilnius, Lithuania, 13th and 14th April 2007, The Teaching of Management, e-business and e-comerce

Next Meetings

Istambul, Turkey, 3rd-14th September, LEGIS Intensive Programme on Legal Aspects of Information Society

Santa Catarina, October-November 2007, Third joint Meeting on E Government and digital inclusion

Wroklaw, Poland, 17th-18th September, LEFIS General Assembly

Books in preparation: the LEFIS Series

Ahti Saarenpää (ed.), Privacy Pilar Lasala (ed.), The on line teaching in the Faculties

of Law Erich Schweighofer (ed.), E-governance in the

information sector Javier García (ed.), The juridical responsiblity of

documentalists in the knowledge society (in Spanish) Aires Rover (ed.), Electronic Government and digital

inclusion (Spanish-Portuguese version) Cesare Maioli (ed.), Electronic Government and digital

inclusion (English version) Philip Leith (ed.), Documents and Law

R+D+I Projects in execution and evaluation

Data protection and electronic signatures: a prototype, a practice code and a theory

EGOBS: Observatory of electronic government GERSOCO: Governance and regulation

estrategies for the knowledge society Law & Ict shared virtual campus Lawful interception in IP networks, Guidelines for

potential policy Amendments.- LIGA Lefis-wide: making known the LEFIS network PRIME: Privacy and Identification Management

LEFIS activities

Concrete activities directed to solve the obstacles to the introduction of e Government and to promote the digital inclusion... Meetings Books Teaching Activities of Interdisciplinar and international

character Activities made jointly by teachers and researchers

(different specialities), civil servants, firms, public institutions and citizens

Examples of LEFIS activities

LEGIS Intensive Programme on Legal Aspects of the Information

Society: interdisciplinary programme, Turkey (3rd-14th September 2007)

LEFIS International Observatory on electronic government :

www.egobs.org LEFIS: Legal Framework for the Information Society

Learning activities Electronic Administration as model for learning Democratic use of the electronic signature (PKI:

lefis.unizar.es), Study of learning contents attending to opinions of teachers,

students and the learning context: habilities and competences

LEGIS content

Data protection and privacy

Intellectual property rights (IPR)

Copyright and patents e-Commerce Telecommunications law e-Democracy and e-

Inclusion e-Government and e-

Governance e-Administration

Security Electronic signature Ontologies XML Web 2.0 and community

computing Open source Ethics and legislation for

engineering Globalization and

technologies

Learning

Ellaboration of the LEFIS blended offer Concrete subjects as example:

Governo Eletrônico e inclusão digital (Santa Catarina)

Derecho y Nuevas Tecnologías. Administración Electrónica y Gobierno Digital (La Plata)

Administración electrónica (Zaragoza and on line, Grupo G9)

Master and graduate courses

Practical character

Learning from professional competencesUse of public key certificates:

lefis.unizar.es/pkiFrom the study on contents, made by

teachers and students attending to standards research procedures

Santa Catarina

Objetivo geral: Capacitar os alunos para a compreensão tecnológica dos

fenômenos governamentais em caráter interdisciplinar.

Objetivos específicos: Capacitar os alunos para os seguintes aspectos:

1. Pesquisar e publicar trabalhos internacionais; 2. Desenvolver conceitos técnicos e científicos; 3. Discutir soluções tecnológicas com aplicação prática; 4. Atuar como multiplicador; 5. Entendimento das atividades governamentais no contexto

digital.

Summary of results: Administración electrónica (ECTS)

Profesor

Mín Media MáxDesviación

típicaP5: Coste real de la asignatura para el alumno

P5.1 Número de créditos de la asignatura, según Plan de Estudios (en horas) 60,00 60,00 60,00 60,00 0,00P5.2 Número de horas de clases teóricas que ha asistido 45,00 20,00 40,75 45,00 6,86P5.3 Número de horas de clases prácticas que ha asistido 15,00 13,00 14,72 15,00 0,57

P5.4 Número de horas invertidas para resolución de casos 7 0,00 11,11 30,00 7,66P5.5 Número de horas de estudio invertidas 23,5 0,00 11,89 60,00 10,96P5.6 Número de horas de lecturas y trabajos adicionales invertidas 21 1,00 12,46 42,00 8,54P5.7 Número de horas de examen invertidas 2 0,00 2,29 30,00 5,75P5.8 Número de horas de autoevaluación invertidas 0 0,00 0,64 10,00 1,81P5.9 Número de horas de exposición de trabajos que ha invertido 1 0,25 3,61 20,00 5,14

P5.10 Número de horas invertidas en otras actividades (especificar las actividades): 1 0,00 0,45 6,00 1,27

AlumnosProfesor

Mín Media MáxDesviación

típicaP5: Coste real de la asignatura para el alumno

P5.1 Número de créditos de la asignatura, según Plan de Estudios (en horas) 60 60,00 60,00 60,00 0,00P5.2 Número de horas de clases teóricas que ha asistido 30 24,00 43,22 60,00 13,75P5.3 Número de horas de clases prácticas que ha asistido 30 0,00 11,44 34,00 10,48

P5.4 Número de horas invertidas para resolución de casos 14 0,00 8,22 25,00 9,42P5.5 Número de horas de estudio invertidas 15 0,00 8,56 30,00 9,77P5.6 Número de horas de lecturas y trabajos adicionales invertidas 40 0,00 6,78 15,00 4,94P5.7 Número de horas de examen invertidas 2 0,00 1,67 7,00 2,69P5.8 Número de horas de autoevaluación invertidas 0 0,00 1,22 3,00 1,09P5.9 Número de horas de exposición de trabajos que ha invertido 2 1,00 5,86 25,00 8,63

P5.10 Número de horas invertidas en otras actividades (especificar las actividades): 12 0,00 3,56 20,00 6,54

Alumnos

Horas invertidas-Varias actividades

0

10

20

30

40

P5.4 P5.5 P5.6 P5.7 P5.8 P5.9 P5.10

Mín Media Máx P rofesor

Summary of results:Administración electrónica (Acquired Competences)

Mín Media MáxDesviación

típicaP6: Competencias específicas adquiridas

(valorar entre: 1=no conseguido y 5=totalmente conseguido)

P6.1 Presentar información visual y oralmente 4,00 4,44 5,00 0,53P6.2 2,00 3,67 5,00 1,00

P6.3 Acceso a textos legales 2,00 4,44 5,00 1,01P6.4 2,00 3,78 5,00 0,97P6.5 2,00 3,67 5,00 1,00

Interpretación de textos legales en su contextoAplicación de textos legales en su contexto

Demostrar conocimiento de los principios y valores jurídicos en relación con el Proyecto de Ley para el acceso electrónico de los ciudadanos a las Administraciones Públicas

Competencias Específicas Adquiridas

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

P6.1 P6.2 P6.3 P6.4 P6.5

Mín Media Máx

Summary of results: Administración electrónica (time to acquire Knowledge)

Profesor

Mín Media MáxDesviación

típicaP7: Conocimientos Adquiridos

- Tiempo dedicado en horasP7.1 Capacidad de distinguir varias clases de aplicación jurídica 19 0,00 3,28 10,00 2,54P7.2 Conocer los diferentes métodos de interpretación de textos jurídicos 19 0,00 4,31 15,00 3,63P7.3 Capacidad de presentar y defender argumentos 67 0,00 2,83 6,00 1,73P7.4 Capacidad de encontrar documentación jurídica adecuada 3 0,00 4,33 15,00 3,86P7.5 Conocimiento básico sobre Derecho de las TIC, como ejemplo 4 0,00 3,78 20,00 5,22

Alumnos

Profesor

Mín Media MáxDesviación

típicaP7: Conocimientos Adquiridos

- Tiempo dedicado en horas

P7.1 Orígenes de las Tecnologías de la información y de la administración electrónica 10,5 1,00 5,56 20,00 5,70P7.2 20 0,50 3,28 10,00 3,09P7.3 20,5 0,00 3,78 10,00 3,49

P7.4 35,5 1,00 4,56 10,00 3,40

P7.5 20,5 0,00 4,22 10,00 3,56

P7.6 20 0,00 4,11 10,00 3,33Estado de desarrollo de la provisión de servicios administrativos públicos con ayuda de las TIC

Clasificación de servicios de Administración electrónica desde diferentes aproximacionesBúsqueda y recuperación de información adecuada sobre Administración electrónica

Principios básicos de la normativa que gobierna el uso de las TIC en relación con la Administración electrónica

Presentación práctica de ejemplos de Administración electrónica

Alumnos

Tiempo invertido para adquirir conocimentos

0

10

20

30

40

P7.1 P7.2 P7.3 P7.4 P7.5 P7.6

Mín Media Máx P rofesor

Summary of results: Administración electrónica (Acquired Knowledge)

Mín Media MáxDesviación

típicaP7: Conocimientos Adquiridos

- Valorar entre 1=no adquirido y 5=totalmente adquirido

P7.1 Orígenes de las Tecnologías de la información y de la administración electrónica 2,00 3,89 5,00 1,05P7.2 4,00 4,44 5,00 0,53P7.3

2,00 3,67 5,00 0,87P7.4

3,00 4,33 5,00 0,87P7.5

1,00 3,44 5,00 1,24P7.6

3,00 3,89 5,00 0,60

Principios básicos de la normativa que gobierna el uso de las TIC en relación con la Administración electrónica Estado de desarrollo de la provisión de servicios administrativos públicos con ayuda de las TIC

Presentación práctica de ejemplos de Administración electrónicaClasificación de servicios de Administración electrónica desde diferentes aproximacionesBúsqueda y recuperación de información adecuada sobre Administración electrónica

Alumnos

Conocimentos Adquiridos

1

2

3

4

5

P7.1 P7.2 P7.3 P7.4 P7.5 P7.6

Mín Media Máx

II. Another initiatives, in comparison

Legal Informatics Governance as approach, some time ago Social and legal obstacles for the

implementation of the Electronic Government: the risks Participation as alternative/complementary

approach Communicative theories best as

conceptual/analitical theories. The importance is in the promotion of the participation and, also,

the use of the social sciences tools

Legal Informatics

Objective: to build and to study (from 1970) an own academic knowledge area like Civil Law, Penal Law, Systems organizations...

To study the juridical information systems and/or the Law on the Information and Communication Technologies

It does not obtain good results coming from the juridical and computer science knowledge areas:

Another knowledge disciplines were early interested in the studies area

Another reason: The sweet decadence of the XIX century founded knowledge areas as only conceptual

paradigms as the person, the juridical texts, the procedure

The more convinient and interesting is the participative and interdisciplinary study of social, real, problems:

Personal data protection, security of the telecommunications, legal information systems, E- Commerce, E- Government, LEFIS, for example...

The teaching and research are organized more from concrete needs as from general conceptual categories

Electronic Government as example

The exercice of the public power with the help of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Legislative, executive and judicial powers According with the democratic principles,

charactersitics of the State of Law, specially: participation and powers division

It is the same as to say that E Government is the citizens’s participation in the exercice of the public power with the help of the ICT

The study requires political, juridical and interdisciplinary approaches. This is also to study the obstacles

But Governance as approach, some time ago

Art of government that has as objective the obtention of an economical, social and institutional development of durable character, promoting a sane equilibrium between the State, the civil society and the market of the Economy (Spanish Dictionary) Put in practice of the principle of openness, participation,

responsibility, efficienz and coherenz “the legislative road constitues frequently a part of

a more broad soluction” COM 2001 (European Commissión on Governance) Promotion of Governance is the objective of the research

Breaking Barriers to eGovernment www.egovbarriers.org, organized by request of the European Union, General Directorate of Information Society and Multimedia (2005-2007)

Obstacles Inventory

Leadership failuresFinancial inhibitorsDigital divides & choicesPoor coordinationWorkplace and organizational inflexibilityLack of trustPoor technical design

The risks: causes of the obstacles are in the Legal Foundations

Administrative law Authentication and Identification Intellectual Property Rights Liability Privacy and data protection Public administration transparency Re-use of Public Sector Information The Relationships between Public

Administrations, Citizens, and other ICT actors

Participation as alternative/ complementary approach

Exercice of the principles of the State of Law Democracy and participation Powers division

Interdisciplinary study of the Law Attending to the citizens opinions and

theoretical proposals

Possible theories to use: 1

ALEXY (from 1990): the Law is a normative system 1) called to the justice, 2) integrated by all norms que are part of a real

constitution... and 3) by the principles and normative arguments that

foundament and ought foundament the procedure of juridical application to satisfy the justice requirements

Problems.- Too near to the Governance, analytical arguments, conceptual approach, normative approach specially

Communicative theories: 2

COMMUNICATIVE CONCEPT OF LAW (from 1993): just activity of jurists with relation to juridical texts

HABERMAS (2005): an activity is only “rationaly acceptable” if the activity is put in practice by the impartial proposal of a discursive procedure of formation of opinion and will, and

TAKIKAWA (2005): 1) it exists a general obligation to solve the problems, 2) the useful form to fulfill the general obligation is to give an especial

obligation to a concrete agent, 3) we have the especial obligation to solve the problem, 4) we must associate us with others to solve several problems, 5) the optime solutions to the problems, this is: the logic, the size, the

frontiers of these associations will vary according to the natur of the problems, and

6) the frontiers of the associations are complex and with multiple levels

III. Objectives of the Jaca Meeting

Another LEFIS activity, focused on E Government and digital inclusion, this is the diagnostic on which are the more significative problems

on digital inclusion in relation with E Government the obstacles and policies to overcome the inclusion problems from concrete examples: several European countries and

another countries It has special interest the comparison with Brasil on

those topics like an exemplar case first Meeting in Brasil, one month ago (27-28th June) stays of research in Europa begin more joint meetings are foreseen this is the second Meeting

The Brasil case

The experience of the first Meeting in Santa Catarina Methodological aproaches: comparison Technical and legal approaches: comparison Several students coming from Master in Knowledge

Engineering and e Government (a joint subject) participated actively in the Meeting

Possible joint research and development in interfaces and knowledge bases retrieval and e signatures (PKIs) was explored

But where the digital inclusion problems and the initiatives to solve them are?

We have seen the cultural differences in the streets and in the roads in Brasil, but not in the discussions. These were very interesting from a methodological perspective, but initial only on digital inclusion

These will be the objective of the brasilean proposals in Jaca

Contents from the 1st Meeting: the brasilean position

Digital inclusion: needs in Brasil of technological and telecommunications infrastructure

Policies for the E Government (1999) and telecommunications in the Third World

Realizations today: a guide Legal aspects: 20.III.2007 changes in the civil

procedure are put in force Comparison between judicial systems (from Uruguay)

Juridical problems: software property, contracts, penal law, marks and industrial law, internet service providers, consumer law, tax law and internet

Contents from the 1st Meeting: the spanish position

Obstacles to the introduction of the E Government, coming from a technological centred perspective Difficulties to the introduction of technological

devices in the Administrative practice The reglaments must be adapted attending to laws,

needs and citizens participation Experiences in E Government:

The protection of the bibliographical patrimony: responsabilities of the civil servants

Advances in Electronic National Identity Card

IV. Proposals to debate

Only conceptual solutions are not more enough support? The study from Governance brings reductions to the

participative and democratic principles and approaches? The solution is discussion and participation: the principles

of the State of Law attending to the fact of the E Government and its social consequences?

LEFIS like example of participative/communicative theories and practical approachs?

The solution is to speak in this meeting on e Government and digital inclusion from a comparative and interdisciplinar perspective?

How to made two books? Electronic Government and digital inclusion I (Aires, ed.) and

II (Maioli, ed.) The LEFIS Studies?