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This document consists of 18 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 insert.

DC (LEO/SW) 20023/5

UCLES 2010 [Turn over

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

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PAKISTAN STUDIES 2059/02

Paper 2 The Environment of Pakistan October/November 2010

1 hour 30 minutes

Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer any three questions.Sketch maps and diagrams may be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.The insert contains Fig. 4 for Question 2, Photographs A and B for Question 2, and Photograph C forQuestion 3.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.Write the numbers of the questions answered on the front cover of your Answer Booklet/Paper.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

For Examiners Use

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1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows a map of Pakistan.

0

over 200

density of populationpersons per sq. km

nodata

C

DA

N

B

Arabian Sea

Key:

50 - 200

under 50

international boundary

disputed boundary400km

Fig. 1

(i) Name the cities A, B and C, and the line of latitude D.

A ........................................................................................................................................

B ........................................................................................................................................

C ........................................................................................................................................

D ....................................................................................................................................[4]


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(ii) With reference to Fig. 1, explain how the population density of the area north of the line Dis related to relief (topography) and water supply.

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(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows the weight of marine fish caught 19962006.

1996300,000

400,000metrictonnes

500,000

1998 2000

year

2002 2004 2006

Fig. 2

The weight of fish caught in 2006 was less than in 1996.

(i) Suggest two reasons for this decrease.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Describe how the weight of fish caught changed in the years between 1996 and 2006.

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(c) Describe how marine fishing methods can be improved.

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(d) Study Fig. 3.

FISHING

communications

pollution

food trade

education

sustainabilitytechnology

employment

Fig. 3

With reference to Fig. 3, explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing the fishingindustry in Pakistan.

Advantages ...............................................................................................................................

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Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................

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[Total: 25]


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2 (a) Study Fig. 4 (Insert), which shows patterns of goat rearing in Pakistan.

(i) Describe the distribution of goat rearing in Balochistan.

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(ii) Suggest why the government of Pakistan discourages the rearing of goats.

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(iii) Why are there many nomadic farmers in Balochistan?

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(b) Explain why buffalo are not reared in Balochistan.

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(c) Study Photographs A and B (Insert) showing a buffalo farm in Lodhran district, Punjab.

(i) How do the photographs show that these buffalo are being kept in good living conditions?

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(ii) Suggest why buffalo farms can often be found around urban areas.

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(d) Meat provides a valuable source of protein in food, and there are many other useful productsfrom animals.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing livestock farming in Pakistan.

Advantages ...............................................................................................................................

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Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................

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[Total: 25]


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3 (a) Study Fig. 5, which shows the sectors of employment by percentage in Pakistan.

0employers

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

paid

employment

self

employment

unpaid

family

workers

Fig. 5

(i) Which is the largest sector?

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(ii) Give an example of self-employment.

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(iii) What is the percentage of unpaid family workers?

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(iv) State two jobs that may be done on a farm by unpaid family workers.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]

(v) Suggest why many farms rely on unpaid family workers.

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(b) Explain the push factors, other than low pay, that may cause rural-urban migration.

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(c) Study Photograph C (Insert), which shows a valley in Shangla district, NWFP.

(i) With reference to the photograph, explain why agriculture is difficult in this area.

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(ii) Name two cottage industries that could be developed in this area.

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2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]


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(d) Choose two of the improvements shown below, and explain to what extent these twoimprovements could create more employment opportunities in mountain valleys.

ROAD BUILDING RELIABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

CLEAN WATER SUPPLY BETTER TELECOMMUNICATIONS

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[Total: 25]


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4 (a) Study Fig. 6, which shows energy sources by percentage in Pakistan.

others

gasoil

HEP

(hydel)

Fig. 6

(i) Name the two largest sources of energy.

1 .......................................................... 2 .......................................................... [2]

(ii) Which source named on Fig. 6 is renewable?

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(iii) Suggest two sources of energy in the others sector of Fig. 6.

1 .......................................................... 2 .......................................................... [2]

(b) (i) Name an HEP (hydel) power station and state the name of the river on which it is built.

Name .................................................. River .................................................... [2]

(ii) Why is HEP(hydel) an important source of electricity in northern Pakistan?

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(iii) Why can the supply of power from these stations be unreliable?

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(c) Study Fig 7, which shows the location of Faisalabad.

rawcotton

to Islamabad andNWFP

to Lahore

to Karachi

rawcotton

rawcotton

TrimmuBarrage

BallokiBarrage road

railway

river

thermal power station

airport

dry port

Key:

Riv

erRavi

Riv

erCh

enab

FAISALABAD

I R R I G A T E DF A R M L A N D

I R R I G A T E DF A R M L A N D

Fig. 7

State three factors shown on Fig. 7 which influence the cotton industry in Faisalabad. Foreach factor, explain its importance to the development of this industry.

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(d) Study Fig. 8.

COTTON

jobs

competition

skills

trade

infrastructure technology

Fig. 8

In recent years there has been little growth in the cotton textile industry. With reference toFig. 8, explain the advantages and disadvantages of increasing cotton textile production inPakistan.

Advantages ...............................................................................................................................

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[Total: 25]


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5 (a) Study Fig. 9, which shows an advertisement for a big company.

THE BIG POWER TRACTOR COMPANY

Our tractors are big and powerful.

They work quickly and efficiently. They can do many tasks.

For sale or lease Bank loans can be arranged

Contact The Big Power Tractor Company, Karachi, PakistanTel. 021-7654222Fax. 92-21-7654333Website www.Bigpowertractors.comE-mail [email protected]

Fig. 9

(i) State four ways of contacting this company.

1 .......................................................... 2 ..........................................................

3 .......................................................... 4 .......................................................... [2]

(ii) Which is the slowest way of contact?

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(iii) Why does the company advertise many different ways of contacting it?

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(b) (i) Explain two of the reasons given in the advertisement for using this tractor on a farm.

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(ii) Why are tractors not used by many small-scale farmers?

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(iii) In what ways can the government help small-scale farmers to mechanise their farms?

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(c) (i) From the list below state two imports and two exports.

COTTON MACHINERY WHEAT IRON ORE LEATHER

CRICKET BATS SURGICAL EQUIPMENT COMPUTERS

Imports 1 ....................................................... 2 .......................................................

Exports 1 ....................................................... 2 ....................................................... [2]

(ii) The European Union (EU) is a major trading partner of Pakistan.

Name two countries in this trading community.

1 .......................................................... 2 .......................................................... [2]

(iii) Why it is important that Pakistan trades both imports and exports with the EU?

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(d) The development of wind power generators off the coast of Pakistan could reduce thecountrys dependence on imported fuels.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing alternative power sources.

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[Total: 25]


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BLANK PAGE


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BLANK PAGE

Copyright Acknowledgements:

Questions 1 & 2 Oxford School Atlas for Pakistan; Oxford University Press; 2008.

Photographs Estate of Roland Strutt UCLES.

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Everyreasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the

publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of

Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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