-
1
2 1 (15)
1.
1) ;
- / - / -
- (Tuscan) (15)
- Rome (16)
- , (17)
* Tuscan ; (Firenze)
(, , , )
, ->
2) ; () -
- /
- /
- /
- /
( ) - 15 , (, ) > (Medici)
. (1434. ) >
2.
1) (D. Clifford) : .
2)
, , ->
.... , ,
...
(Villa Palimieri)
villa Zondi( ) .
4) (Alberti)
,
: , ( )
,
()
: ( )
5)
() - Rome 230, ,
- 12,3, >
-
2
-
- , -> ,
15 Villa - Palmieri, Poggoia Cajazo, Castello, Patraia di
Careggi, Medici
- , , >
6) (Villa Medici di Careggi): 1457
( ) - 2 (Michelozzi) - ()
(Loggia , ) ( , .
)
,
,
( ) .
2 ()
.
(, ), , .
7) (Villa Medici at Fiesole): 1458
-
Villa (1458~1461) -
- ( )
(Loggia , )
2 ( . ) - , , ,
-
3
2 (16)
1. 16
- 16 .
- 2, , , , ,
- (Belvedere Garden) : 16
2. (Belvedere Garden): 1503 * '(Bel)'+'(Videre/ Vedere)'
- (Bramante Donato 1444~1514)
- 16
- Belvedere ()
- .
3 ( 306, 75) >
(Niche)-85(25.9m)
- .
- ,
- .
- ; (Villa Madama) / (Villa Farnesiana) / (Villa )
3
3. (Madama Villa)
-
-
- ,
-
- ,
-
- 16 Villa .
- (, , , )
-
4
4 4.
1) Villa d'Este ()
- , (Rome 16)
- (Ippolito d'Este) (1549)
- () / () / ()
- - Aniene , , , ,
- : 300* 600 (14,000)
- : ( )+ ( )
(rotunda), , 100
1 ;
3(4 ) (Bosque) -
(Water organ)
2 ; , ,
-
5
3 ; (100 )
(Arethusa) -
Rometta(little Rome) - ,
2) Villa Lante ()
- (Vignola 1507~1573) , ( )
- Rome 50
- 3 ; + +
- ; 250*800ft ( 6,000)
- 16ft(4.8m) 4 / -
- ;
-
; 150
(Montalto) -
2
2 ;
(Fountain of Lights) -
3 ; /
4 ; Water Chain / ,
6
-
6
3 (17)
1.
1) ; (, )
2) ;
(Mannerism) - -> ->
- &
(Baroque)
- 1600 1750
-
- , , , ,
, , , ,
- , ,
, (; )
(Rokoko) - ,
2.
- : + ( )
+ ( Colonna)
-
- : (, , ) .
-
, (maze), (Arboreal theaters),
, , , ,
.
-
, , ,
1) (Villa Gamberia) -
- Settignano ,
-: Grotto, Water garden, , , , (view point),
-: Water garden( , )
-
- .
-
7
8
2) (Villa Aldobrandini)
- 12, , (1598~1603) .
- : , , , , .
2 :
3) (Isola Bella) -
- : (Como) (Maggiore) Pallanza
- , 40 1670
- .
-10 ; , , , .
-
4) (Villa Garzoni) - 1652 ,
- Lucca Collodi
- .
- : open
:
3. : (Terrace-dominant architectural style)
1) :
() ~ ,
, ,
() ~
.
() ~
.
.
9
-
8
2) :
~ , , , ,
~ , ,
~ , ,
3) :
: , ()
: ()
: ()
4)
:
:
: (),
()
5) : , , , , , , .
: , , ,
: , , ,
: , , (), , ( )
: , ,
: ,
: , , ,
6) : , Stone pine, , , ,
4. : , , , .
1)
- 8 ->
- ( )
- : ~ , , ,
-3 ( )
(Claude mollet) : ' '
(Jacges Boyceau) : '' ''
(Olivier de Serres) : , ' '
2)
-1590
- : , / (school garden)
(Flower bed) (Paved garden) .
3)
-16
- (Jan Rebeman de Vries) : , ~
- : , , , , , Summer House
10
-
9
4
1.
1)
( - , - ) / ()
- (Seine),
2)
14 - - ' ' / / 17C
- ,
- ( )
-
3) : 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 -
: :
, .
~ , ~
(Parterre) :
( , : )
- 8 1494 -
-> .
- (Mercogliano) .
- : 1, 4, 14 .
(Le Notre) 14 .
(Andre Le Notre 1613~1700) - .
- 18 19 .
-
- 1649 .
- / (Chantilly)
(Vaux-le-Viconte) : (Nicolas Fouquet)
- : 48 (Melun)
- : 14 17 .
- : ( ) / ( ) / ( ) .
- : 1200, 600
- (main axis) .
-> -> -> -> (Grotto)
.
- : .
Vista Garden
(Canal), , (Allee)
-
10
: , , ,
11
(Versailles) ( 4 , , )
: 300 ha
: 1661~1686 ( 25)
1.6 (Grand canal) - .
: -> -> Latona -> ( ) ->
: , , , /
, , , , ,
4)
:
.
- .
- 2 .
- Hedge() .
- (Unity) ,
.
- , ,
- .
- Vista .
.
(Allie) :
-
11
- , .
:
- .
- . .
- (: , ): )=, ~ , , 5 ,
- , :
- 5 : V
- () : . .
(Parterre)
- : . .
- : 4 ,
- : ,
, .
- : .
- :
- : .
: ,
: , ,
: , .
, , ,
, .
- (Pierre L' Enfant)-
12
-
12
5 ,
1.
1)
594mm(?). .
- . -> , .
2) ( )
() (1465~1603) - 8(1509~1547) , 1.
(1603~1688) -> ->1702
2. () (Tudor Garden):
, ,
() + .
- ,
1) - (1580) / H sight-line(-)
/ / / /
-
13
3. 17
, , , :
- (Melbourne Hall), Bramham Park, Wrest Park,
(Hampton Court), (Hatfield House)
- , , , ,
( -> , , )
(Melbourne Hall)
-
- 1700
(Hampton Court)
- 12
-
- 8 Knot , , ( ), ,
->
- 2 .
-
14
-
4.
18 .
- , , ,
- : ,
Forthright() - . .
- : ,
(mound) -
(summer house) .
(bowling)- . .
.
:
Knot, - .
(Herb garden / / ) - , ,
- , , , , (), ()
-
15
19
18 (Green Sculpture)
-
16
3 -
1
1.
1) : .
2) : () .
- : , ,
- , , -> , ,
-> (Rousseau)
3) - (Classicism)
-
- :
2.
1)
- / / /
-
17
(William Kent 1684~1748) : , , ,
-
-
- (Nature abhor a straight line) ; , , ,
, .
- (Kensington Garden)
- : (Chiswick House), , Rousham, Wilton House, Carlton
House, Gunnersbury
(Capability Brown, Lancelot Brown 1715~1783)
- "It had great capability" -> Capability Brown()
- Kent
- Brown ; , , ,
- : & .
- : Essay on the Picturesque" . & .
- : Thomas Whateley Obsetrvation on Modern Gardening) &
Mason .
- Brown .
(Humphry Repton 1752~1818)
-18 19
-Landscape gardener
- .
-
- Red Book() : ,
- .
-
18
- 4 (Sketches and Hints on Landscape Gardening)
(William Chamber 1726~1796)
- A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening( )" ->
- .
.
- .
- .
- .
: - .
.
.
Landscape Garden School : ( school )
- .
-
-
- ( (Pcker) () (F. L. Olmsted) )
4) (Stowe Garden)
- / 122m .
- 18
- , , .
- : ,
22 1739
23 1769
32 1780
-
19
5) (Stourhead)
- 18 .18 .
- (Henry Hore) - (Henry Hore)
- -
- -
- -
- -
- - , , , , .
- .
3.
' '
: , , , , ,
(Ermenonville) : 4 ,
-
- : , , , , , , ,
-
(Petit Trianon) :
- 14(1753~1776)
- 15 ; , , .
- 16 ; ->
->, , , , ,
4.
- . .
-
- (Adolphe Alphand)
- Hagedorn ~ ' '
- Hirschfeld(1743~1792); , ' (1775)' ->
-> , , , , ,
- (Imanuel Kant) ; ' ' .
/
- ; (Weimar Park)
-(muskau) ()-
Central Park
-
20
2 19
1.
1)
2) :
() -
()
3) 1819
4) (1825) -
5) 1830 ;
- (St. James Park) / (Green Park) / (Hyde Park)
- (Kensington Garden)
1830
6) (Regent Park)
- 1820
,
-
-
Regent Park
-
21
2. (Birkenhead)
- Birkenhead Mersey .
1820 .
.
.
- (Joseph Paxton) .
- (100) (125)
- .
- ;
, .
,
, ,
2 ,
,
.
(Birkenhead)
- ;
(Fredrick Law Olmsted) .
Walks & Talks of an American Farmer in England-Central
Park
.
-
22
3 : ~ 1850
1.
1) -
2)
-
-
- , ,
- .
- (forthright), , , ,
3) 1612 .
4) (1699 )
- .
-
-
- , , ,
-
-
23
5) (Mount Vernon)
-
- :
.
- ,
, .
6)
- (Thomas Jeperson)
(Monticello)
-
24
2. 1800~1850
1) (Andre Parmentier)
-
- 1828
2) (Andrew Jackson Downing)
-
-
- .
- 1841 A Treaties on the Theory and Practice of Landscape
Gardening adapted to North America"
- 1842 American Notes"
- 1853 Cottage Residences
- 1846 Horticulturist
- : (the beautiful) (the picturesque) .
(, , , , ) .
- (Calvert Vaux)
.
- , ,
.
33 (the beautiful) (the picturesque)
4 (Frederick Law Olmsted)
1. ( )
1) - , ()
2) - , (Gymnasium)
() .
3) -
4) - .
-
25
5) (The Royal Park)
- (St. James Park), (Green Park), (Hyde Park),
- 8
- , .
6) 1830 ~ 1840 .
7) - .
8) 1848 - .
9) () .
1830 Mount Auburn Cemetery. - Jacob Biglow ()
(Laurel Hill)
(Greenwood)
10) 19
.
,
11) 1851 New York (Park Act) .
12) 1853 -> 344ha (Central Park)
2.
1) Frederick Law Olmsted(1822~1903)
2) Central Park
-1859
- .
- Greensward( ) ()
-
3) Greensward()
, ()
View Vista
, ,
, , Mall (Grand avenue)
(play ground)
-
26
(Road), (Ride), (Lake), (Tree planting), (Reservoir)
4)
,
(1859) , .
- 1890
(): (Bridle Path), (Drive), Mall (Grand
avenue)
-
27
3. (Park system)
1) 1866 (Prospect Park)
1885 (Franklin Park)
2) (Mount Royal Park 1873~1881), (South Park 1868), (Bell lsle
Park),
(South Park)
3) - (Riverside Estate)
4)
5) (Charles Eliot, 1859~1897)
- (Metropolitan Park System)
- 1910 5
- 1928 48 , ,
6) Boston Park System
4.
1) 1893 400 (World's Columbian Exposition)
2)
3) - Olmsted
- (Daniel Bunharm) (Roots)
- (Mckim)
4)
.
(1901 ,1909 )
->
1894 Rome American Academy
.
-
5
1. 1900~ 1
- 1899 A.S.L.A.(American Society of Landscape Architects) :
- 1894 () ' ' .
1) (City Beautiful Movement)
(Charles Mulford Robinson) (Daniel Burnham) .
Civic center , , Campus .
-
- .
- .( )
-
28
2) (Garden City) :
*() . country, rural area.
(Ebenezer Howard ) - ,
1902 'Garden City of Tomorrow( )'
(1908): (Amory), (Scioto River), (Mall)-(public commercial),
(Railway), (State house), (City
hall)-(auditorium)+(annex)++(Art)
-
29
- ,
- ,
-
- 1903 (Letchworth), 1920 (Welwyne)
.
,
-> 1928 (Radburn)
2. 1 ~ 1944
1)
-
-
-
-
- (Westchester Park System 1922)
- () Park way
2) (Radburn, 1929)
- .
- 1929 .
- 25,000
- Super block(, )
- (: )
- (Cul-de-sac)
- , , Town center,
-
30
3)
- 1929 (Great Depression), 1939 2,
, .
- (New Deal: )
: ,
- T.V.A.(Tenessee Valley Authority: )
: 800 ( ) 21
: , , ,
: ,
:
-
31
6
1.
1)
(John Charles Loudon 1783~1843)
- .
- :
(Paxton) :
(Chatworth)
-
(Sir Charles Berry, 1795~1860)
-
2) (1850~1900)
(Blomfield)
- (1892)
- .
- .
(William Robinson, 1838~1935) (Gertrude Jeekyll, 1843~1932)
-
- (wild garden)
- (wall garden) (water garden)
2.
(Charles Adams Platt)
-
- 1894 ' '
- (Neo Renaissance garden)
-
- .
- , , ,
- .
-
- , (cubism), .
. - 1930 (Thomas Church),
(Garett Eckbo),
(Lorence Helprin) .
(Fletcher Steel)
- 1924 ' (Design in Litter Garden)'
- (Outdoor-living room) .
(Thomas Church)
- 1955 (Garden are for People)
- ()
-
32
-
- ,
- : (Donnel Garden)
-
