APPLICANT
WASTE STREAM OR PORTION OF A WASTE STREAM
environmental affairs Oep~rtment: Environmental Affairs REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
RISK ASSESSMENT IN TERMS OF REGULATION 8 OF THE WASTE
EXCLUSION REGULATIONS
I ESKOM HOLDINGS soc Ltd---
ESKOM FRESH AND WEATHERED ASH: inclusive of'
Polverised Fly Ash:
Pulverised coal fired boiler ash is a term for ash generated within a power station electricity generation process and
is derived from firing boilers with pulverised coal. The ash is taken from the boiler prior to conditioning. This is the type
of ash that is being considered for beneficial use.
Course_Ash I Bottom Ash:
Bottom ash is part of the non-combustible residue of combustion in a power station. It accumulates and is collected
from the bottom of the boiler and has therefore not gone through a precipitator or filtering process.
Run of Station Ash
The practice of, under Station contingency, having to temporary dump quantities of fly ash in a designated area for
later transportation to the ash dumps.
Page1 of21
,__
BENEFICIAL USEIS Mine Backfilling and the treabnent of Mine Drainage
I ~
WASTE GENERAnNO· FACIU1Y
PHYSICAL POWER STAnON NAME COAlfiELDS Location
ADDRESS OF FACILITY
Arnot PS Witbank Rietkuil, SOkm E of Middleburg
-Camden PS Witbank 15km E of Ermelo
Duvha PS Witbank 15km E of Witbank
Grootvlei PS Wrtbank Near Balfour in Mpumalanga
Hendrina PS Witbank Pullenshope, 40km S Middleburg
KendaiPS Witbank Near Ogles, 40km SW of Witbank
Komati PS Witbank Komati, 37 km from Middleburg
Krlel PS Witbank Between Kriel and Ogles
Lethabo PS free State Between Vereeniging and Sasolburg
Majuba PS Witbank Between Vollcsrust and Amersfort
Matimba PS Waterburg LepHalale
Matta PS Witbank Between Kriel and Secunda
I
Page2 of21
Tutuka PS Witbank 2Skm from St anderton road to Bethal
Medupi PS (Partially operational) Waterburg LepHalale
I Kusile PS (Partially operational) Witbank Nkangala district, Mpumalanga
Kimberley BW Clinker Dump Blankenbergvlei Power StaJiQn Kimberley
I- --Witbank Clinker Dump Witbank
-
GPS CO. ORDINATES OF ]be co-Qrdinates of 111 EskQm Power Stations 1re in~lyded in an ADJ2endix attached to this &J2QiicaliQn.
WASTE THE CO-ORDINATES REPRESENT "ALL CORNERS .. OF THE WASTE GENERATION FACILITY AS REQUIRED BY THE GENERATING
APPLICATION. SEVERAL CO-ORDINATES ARE REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY THE IRREGULAR SHAPE OF ESKOM ASH FACILITY GENERATING FACILITIES. THE CO-ORDINATES REPRESENT THE BOUNDARIES OF THE POWER STATION PROPERlY
WHICH WOULD INCLUDE ALL POSSIBLE ASH TAKE OFF SITES
CONTACT il
PERSON --
NAME WARREN FUNSTON
Page3 of21
-I ADDRESS MEGAWATT PARK, MAXWEll DRIVE, SANDTON I - -
EMAIL ADDRESS [email protected] -
TELEPHONE 0118004309
*DETAILED Coal can be defined as an inhomogeneous mixture of numerous types of metamorphosed plant material. Power DESCRIPTION generation in South Africa, largely depends on coal. Most of the coal has been found to be of low quality with a low OF WASTE GENERATING heat value and containing a significant amount of inorganic (incombustible) contaminants, i.e. yielding high ash PROCESS content as a result of coal burning process.
Generally, all the inorganic material is not removed from the coal and becomes an integral part of the carbonaceous
fuel fed to the boiler during the power generation process. The inorganic materials ultimately result in ash contents.
Ash can be described as the dust-like material that results from the combustion of pulverised either hard (bituminous)
coal or brown coal in a wide variety of combustion processes such as power plant furnaces and fluidized bed boilers.
and which is recovered from the flue gas by electrostatic or mechanical precipitation.
-Ash characterlstlon
iflyash CourSl1' ash I
Waste Waste liaza rdc us Why Type Ten userJ lia'lardous Typ~ Test used
-Arnot Yes pH above 11.5 Human Heaith 3 SANS 10234 No 3 SANS 107311
I Human Health -- -
3 3 camden Yes pH above ll.S Ca >1% Environmental SANS10234 No SANS10234
Page4d21
~ - '--
Duvha Yes pH above 11.5 Human Health 3 SANS 10234 No 3 I SANS10234 ~ ·~ 1---
Grootvlei Yes .pH above 11.5 Human Health 3 SANS10234 No 3 . SANS10234
Hendrina Yes pH above 11.5 Human Health 3 SANS10234 No 3 SANS10234
- ~. ~ ~ ---. Kendal Yes pH above 11.5 Human Health 3 SANS 1.0234 No 3 SANS10234
Human Health 3 3
Komatl Yes pH above 11.5 Ca>l% Environmental SANS 10234 No SANS 10234
f- - -Kriel Yes pH above 11.5 Human Health 3 SANS1Dn4 N.o 3 SANS10234
Kusile
1- -Lethabo N·o 3 SANS10234 No 3 SANS10234
- - !-Majuba Yes pH above 11.5 Human Health I 3 SANS 10234 No 3 SANS 10234
- --f-· Matimba Yes pH above 11.5 Human Health I 3 SANS 10234 N.o 3 SANS 10234
-Mat Ia Yes pH above 11.5 Human Health I 3 SANS 10234 No 3 SANS10234
r - -Medupl No 3 SANS10234 No 3 SANS10234
- - -Tutuka Yes pH above 11.5 Human Health 3 SANS 10234 No 3 SANS10234
- - - - -- --
PRODUCTION PROCESS FLOW YESX NO CHART ATTACHED
Page5of21
~
WASTE HAZARDOUS WASTE X GENERAL WASTE CLASSIFICATION - -- - -- --
INO ,_
SANS 10234: REPORT ON RESULTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT ATTACHED YESX
-- -*A process flow chart must be attached to the process description - -
RISK ASSESSEMENT
Page7of21
I Activity Risk Description Environmental Assessment of Criteria Significance
Receptor
~ CD - 't:l c - :c :E 0
0 C'CS c: ~ ..! C'CS J:l C) l! Q. 0 C'CS
E ... ~ 5 ~ - _n. Dust generated in large quantities Nearby botanical L 1 2 1 1 4
during the on and I or offloading species including
might contaminate nearby natural agricultural crops.
botanical species and agricultural Nearby natural crops by settling on the plant leaves,
stems or flowers. {groundwater or
In large quantities, ash dust might surface water) or man-made water sources or Transport of setUe on water body surfaces and water bodies Fly Ash. be ingested by aquatic vertebrates
and invertebrates. Vertebrate or
~ugh ash has been shown to invertebrate aquatic
increase the pH of the soil, certain life
soils might be contaminated with Air pollution
large and continuous deposition of ash dust.
Soil Pollution
Pagelof21
Accidental spillages during loading Nearby botanical L 4 4 1 1 24 and unloading of vehicles. Dust will spe~ies including be less of a factor in the handling of agricultural crops. course I bottom ash. Spillages during the on and I or offloading Nearby natural might contaminate nearby natural (groundwater or
Transport of botanical species and agricultural surface water) or man-
Bottom I crops by settling on the plant leaves, made water sources or
course ash stems or flowers. water bodies
Although ash has been shown to Vertebrate or increase the pH of the soil, certain invertebrate aquatic soils might be contaminated with life large and continuous deposition of ash spillage Soil Pollution
Spillage of ash or water containing Nearby botanical L 1 -8 2 2 12 ash from the transport vehicles on. species including route to the ash users. Dust agricultural crops. generated in large quantities during the on and I or omoading might Nearby natural contaminate nearby natural {groundwater or botanical species and agricultural surface water) or man-
Transport of crops by settling ori the plant leaves, made water sources or stems or flowers. water bodies all Ash In large quantities, ash dust might settle on water body surfaces and Vertebrate· or be ingested by aquatic vertebrates invertebrate aquatic and invertebrates. life
Although ash has been shown to Air pollution increase the pH of the soil, certain soils might be contaminated wit~oil Pollution
Pagelof21
large and continuous deposition of 1 ash dust.
Vehicles in poor condition or Nearby botanical L 1 8 2 3 13 inadequate to transport ash will species including facilitate uncontrolled spillages of agricultural crops. ash. Dust generated In large quantities during the on and I or Nearby natural offloading might contaminate nearby (groundwater or natural botanical species and surface water) or man-
Transport of agricultural crops by settling on the made water sources or all Ash . plant leaves, stems or flowers. water bodies . Compliance In large quantities, ash dust might of vehicle to settle on water body surfaces and Vertebrate or Road traffic be ingested by aquatic vertebrates invertebrate aquatic Act and invertebrates. life
Although ash has been shown to Air pollution I
increase the pH of the soil, certain soils might be contaminated with Soil Pollution mrge and continuous deposmon of ash dust.
Soil contamination by ash stored at Natural and man-made L 1 6 2 1 9 the user facility. Fresh Fly ash will surface water. bodies be stored in tankerS or closed bins I and Groundwater. containers and it remains Soil contamination
Storage of improbable that any contamination Ash will occur.
Ash spillages in liquid form could contaminate water bodies and be detrimental to vertebrate and
~
Page 10of21
Storage Ash
Storage Ash
of
invertebrate aquatic life. In extreme cases, natural vectors could convey contaminated water to groundwater aquifers. Although ash has been shown to increase the pH of the soil, certain_ soils might be contaminated ash spillages.
Groundwater contamination by ash Natural and man-made L stored at the user facility. Fresh Fly surface water bodies ash will be stored in tankers _or and Groundwater. closed bins I containers and it remains improbable that any contamination will occur
Ash spillages in liquid form could contaminate water bodies and be detrimental to vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic life. In extreme cases, natural vectors could convey contaminated water to groundwater aquifers
Surface water conlamination by ash Natural and man-made I L storage at the user facility. Fresh surface water bodies Fly ash will be stored in tankers or and
of closed bins I containers and it remains improbable that any
1 4 2
2 2 2
contamination will occur L I Ash spillages in liquid form could ~ontaminate water bodies and be __ _,___ _ ___.___ -'-
1 7
1 10
Page 11 of21
detrimental to vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic life. In extreme cases, natural vectors could convey contaminated water to groundwater aquifers.
Potential for Leachate contaminants may be Soil, Land and water L 1 2 2 1 5
stockpiled transported by stormwater runoff pollution
ash to into nearby drainage lines, streams
generate and rivers resulting in secondary
leachate impacts. They may also percolate
during into the groundwater resulting in
rainfall secondary impacts on the aquifer.
1-
Construction Ash facilities which are poor1y Health impacts to staff, L 1 6 3 1 10
and design of ventilated will cause possible heaHh handlers and workers
an ash impacts. Poorty ventilated ash of ash
handellng workplaces will likely result in health
and/ or symptoms and skin and dermal
storage irritations associated with ash
facility particle ingestion.
Construction Ash facilities dose to natural water Soil pollution L 1 4 2 1 7
and design of bodies will cause possible soil or Water Pollution
ash water contamination. Spillage or an
dust blown particles if in large handellng and/ or
enough quantities might
storage contaminate natural and man-made
facility surface water bodies.
Page 12 of21
Uncontrolled access to ash facilities L 1 6 2 2 19 will lead to non-compliance to the controls of the Risk Management
Access Plan. Unsupervised spillage or Soil pollution Control to dust blown particles if in large Water Pollution Ash facilities enough quantities, might
contaminate natural and man-made surface water bodies.
t-Dust generated during loading and I Nearby - -botamcal L 1 2 1 1 4 unloading of vehicles. species including Spillage of ash material or slurry. Dust ge.nerated in large quantities
agricultural crops.
during the on and I or otfloading Nearby natural might contaminate nearby natural (groundwater or botanical species and agricultural surface water) or man-
Handling of crops by settling on the plant leaves, made water sources or Ash on site I stems or flowers. water bodies Extraction of In large quantities, ash dust might Ash I On and settle on water b'?dY surfaces and Vertebrate or off loading of be ingested by aquatic vertebrates invertebrate aquatic Ash and invertebrates. life
Although ash has been shown to increase the pH of the soil, certain soils might be contaminated with large and continuous deposition of ash dust.
- ~· -'-
Page 13of21
Emergency or unplanned event
Storm water management
Loss of containment with potential impacts to air, soil, ground and surface water. In an emergency or unplanned event, dust generated in large quantities might contaminate nearby natural botanical species and agricultural crops by settling on the plant leaves, stems or flowers. In large quantities, ash dust might settle on water body surfaces and be ingested by aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates.
~ough ash has been shown to increase the pH of the soil, certain soils might be contaminated with large and continuous deposition of ash dust.
The inadequate management of stormwater on site will allow discharge of contaminated water to the environment. Ash contaminated effluent or stonnwater if diverted into water bodies, may be hannful if ingested by aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates.
Nearby botanical L species including agricultural crops.
Nearby natural (groundwater or surface water) or manmade water sources or water bodies
Vertebrate or invertebrate aquatic life
Natural surface and L ground water aquifers
Man-made water bodies
1 2 12
1 6 2 2 10
Page14of21
I
Leaching of ash elements
Production of secondary waste
The chemical reaction of ash particles with natural elements in the surrounding soil and water could lead to the leaching of harmful metals into the environment. The leaching of harmful metals from ash will be toxic to all vertebrate and invertebrate life in the soil substrate and water bodies. The negative effect will likely be extended to the health of ,the soils and the botanical biodiversity of the area.
The treatment of AMD with ash will result in the formation of secondary sludge which will require proper disposal. Improper disposal could lead to the contamination of soil, surface and ground water
Soil structures, L geology, surface and ground water pathways and aquifers
Soil poll uti on Surface water and ground water pollution
L
1
2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC RISKS: Posltive spin offs at risk should ash beneficiation not be posslbl~
+
Job creation Increase in job creation for unskilled to semiskilled workforce in Local economy vulnerable communities.
2 2 1 5
4 2 2 16
Page 15 of21
I
Small business development
The low cost of ash and the relaxation of some of the Norms and Local economy
Community based projects
Standards will promote small business development
The low cost of ash and the relaxation of some of the Norms and Local economy Standards may empower vulnerable communities to participate in projects. Eskom assistance may also promote comm4J1ity based projects.
ACCOUNTING FOR ASH BENEFICIATED •cRADLE TO GRAVE PRINCIPLE•
+
+
Eskom anticipate that ash material for soil ameliorant will be supplied via an interim offtaker. The generator retains the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that the waste is handled, stored, transported and disposed of according to the legislation and in an environmentally sound and responsible manner. The law requires that all producers of waste account for the volumes produced and recycled until the waste is properly disposed of or beneficiated into a product fit for use. The following systems will be used to account for the ash recycled from Eskom's Power Station:
• Bottom ash - Eskom uses weighbridge solution at each loading point to capture the ash volumes taken.
• Fly ash • Off takers have installed their own weighbridges solution which will also be integrated into Eskom bottom ash weighbridge solution in order to centralise the volume database and provide consolidated r~orting.
• Mixed ash - Eskom uses weighbridge solution at each loading point to capture the ash volumes taken.
Page 11 of21
Notwithstanding the current weighbridge solutions Eskom will continue to review the use of other means of accounting for ash volumes including: ·
• front end-loaders with load cells, • Standard Cubic Meter Unit Weigh Method
SUPPORT FOR PREVIOUSLY DISADVANTAGED COMPANIES.
As a state-owned entity we are conscious of the socio-economic challenges that the country is facing and we are building
partnerships with relevant stakeholders to address the poverty challenge. We have active communication channels with OPE, DEA,
DTI, MPG, MEGA, etc. to explore various economic opportunities in the form of jobs and businesses through the ash and gypsum
programme.
We currently have a number of companies from previously disadvantaged groups that we are supporting to meet the legislative
requirements in order to establish their operations where ash is us~d as an input raw material in their operations as coal ash has
been classified as a hazardous waste, and therefore a waste management license or an equivalent is required. Waste
management license when done on an individualised basis will take up to 24 months and cost R200k and this was serving as a
barrier to entry for the interested previously-disadvantaged owned entitles. Through partnership with DEA Eskom is able to facilitate
and extend Eskom's section 7 4 exemption to these companies. Our database shows we have 40 companies on the process of
getting their section 74 exemption licenses. 14 of these companies have already successfully obtained their license and
established their operations resulting in 19 direct jobs have been created as a result of the ash programme.
The following template will be used for reporting purposes of socio economic and tonnages moved:
Page 17of21
- TypeOt-; u~ -- --- - l l Off- Power ! Monthly BEE ! Black L Sub- Direct taker Station l-Ash
I Tonna1es Level I Ownership c:antractlng Jobs :.............. j c~
I [ I _ j _ __L_ L _I L __ ]
__,_ --- .-4- - --
The following factors and criteria must be used to assess the Impacts of the activities:
Criteria IIAGNI'JUDE tSavQntyJ DURAl10N
10- Verv hiah 5- Permanent 1lonp than 10 1.£',.) ~~ 4- Lnno-tenn t5 to 10 )'P.inl
&-Moderate 3 - MediurrHerln J!2 monlhs to 5 ~Clnl 4-Low J:{ -Shalt-term 10 to 12 monlhl l 2-Minor 1 - Immediate
SCALE PROBABIUTY IUiwllhoodl ~ntemational - 5- Definite
4-Natlonal 4- Hirlht'/ rJ(ObDble 3 ...:-~tlional 3- Mecllm rrtbabllll\l ~Local
1 -Slteonh 2 - Low r robabllill__ 1 -Improbable
0-None 0-None
M-s.nltude Magnitude measun. the size of the Impact
Durdon Duration refers to the llfallrne of the Impact I.e. how lo~ it willlaat
SC:.Ie The scale refers to the extant of the impact, i.e. will the Impact be fel at the local, regional, global scale and so.
Probability The probabUity refers to the chance of Impact to occur. The potential impact cauld be most lkely to oa:ur, lrikely, etc.
Assessm!!JI gf Sii!Dificanca Ill lm!H!!it
Significance raang of the potential impacta llustrataa the i'nportanca of the I1J11Bd iiBelf. 1be alze of araa afl'acled by pollution may be extremely high but the significance of this etract i5 dependant on the concenlratlon or level of pollution in that area. In order to determine lhe !Significance of impact, the following method waa used:
Significance Points (SP) = (Magnitude + Duration + Scale} x Probabllty
Page 11 of21
The valuea of SP are then ranged 11 follows:
Rating Dncrtptlon
SP >10 ---,--,1,-nd-::-lca--:-tes--:-hl:-gh::--anvironme- --nta....,......,.I-1--AII,---,.Impad---:-which..,...,. could inftuancalhe decision about
significance whether or not to proceed with the activities regardless of any possible nitigation.
SP30- 80 Indicates moderatll environmental significance
SP<30
+ ~~:n:w environmental
- -- ~ltlve Impact
- ·--
An impact or benefit which is sufticiently importa~ require management and which could have an inftuence on the decision urea it is mitigated.
Impacts with little real effect and which wiU not have an inlkJenc:e on or require modification of the adivilies.
An Impact 1hat is likely to 1'811un in positive consequences/effects
Page 19 of21
I I I, WGS FUNSTON hereby declare that I have read the completed the Risk Assessment fonn and hereby confirm that the infonnation is to the best of my knowledge true and correct.
Furthermore, I declare that I am fully aware of my responsibilities in tenns of the Waste Exclusion Regulations, and that failure to comply with these Regulations may constitute an offence in terms of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act 59 of 2008).
Applicant (Full names) ESKOM HOLDINGS SOC Ltd
Designation Manager: Biodiversity and Waste
Signature
Date 20 September 2018 Place JHB
!FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
I Date Received
DeciSion Taken Authorised I Not Authorised( provide reasons)
. ' Reference Number
Page 20 of21
environmental affairs Department: Environmental Affairs REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN IN TERMS OF REGULATION 10 OF WASTE EXCLUSION REGULATONS
I APPLICANT
SOURCE(S) OF . WASTE
I ESKOM HOlDINGS soc ltd
Eskom Coal fired Power Stations
----------~------
WASTETO BE BENEFICIATED
Pulverised Fly Ash:
Pulverised coal fired boiler ash is a. term for ash generated within a power station electricity generation process and is derived from firing boilers with pulverised coal. The ash is taken from the boiler prior to conditioning. This is the type of ash that is being considered for beneficial use .
. Course Ash I Bottom Ash :
Bottom ash is part of the non-combustible residue of combustion in a power station. It accumulates and is collected from the bottom of the boiler and has therefore not gone through a precipitator or filtering process.
Run of Station Ash
The practice of, under Station contingency, having to temporary dump quantities of fly ash in a designated area for later transportation to the ash dumps.
~------------~--
BENEFICIAL USEIS
Mine backfilling and the treatment of Acid Mine Drainage
-MSDS ATTACHED YES NO IF HAZARDOUS X
WASTE GENERATING FACILITY
Page 1 of 20
POWER STATION NAME COALFIELDS LOCitlon
AmotPS Witbank Rletkuil, SOlem E of Middleburg
Camden PS Witbank 1Skm E of Ermelo
Duvha PS Witbank 1Skm E of Witbank
Grootvlei PS Witbank Near Balfour In Mpumalanga
Hendrlna PS Witbank Pullenshope, 40km S Middleburg
KendaiPS Witbank Near Ogles, 40km SW of
Witbank
Komatl PS Witbank Komati, 37 km from Middleburg
krlel PS Witbank Between Kriel and Ogles
Lethabo PS Free State Between Vereeniging and
Sasolburg
Majuba PS Witbank Between Volksrust and
Amersfort
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
Matimba PS Waterburg LepHalale
Matla PS Witbank Between Kriel and Secunda
Tutuka PS Witbank 25km from Standerton road to
Bethal
Medupi PS (Partially Waterburg LepHalale operational)
Witbank Nkangala district, Mpumalanga
Kusile PS (Partially operational)
~
Kimberley BW Clinker Blankenbergvlel Power Station
Dump Kimberley
r-Witbank Clinker Dump Witbank
P1ge 2af20
GPS COORDINATES OF WASTE GENERATING FACILITY (e.g. 60° 29' 30" Latitude; 340 20' 15" Longitude)
POSTAL ADDRESS
CONTACT PERSON
TELEPHONE
EMAIL ........
------------------------------ --The co-ordinates of all Eskom Power Stations are included in an Appendix attached to this application.
THE CO-oRDINATES REPRESENT uALL CORNERS" OF THE WASTE GENERATION FACILITY AS REQUIRED BY THE
APPLICATION. SEVERAL CO-oRDINATES ARE REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY THE IRREGULAR SHAPE OF ESKOM ASH
GENERATING FACILITIES. THE CO-ORDINATES REPRESENT THE BOUNDARIES OF THE POWER STATION PROPERTY
WHICH WOULD INCLUDE ALL POSSIBLE ASH TAKE OFF SITES
P. 0. Box 1091, Johannesburg 2000
Warren Funston
011 800 ~ 4039 ·CELL:
Warren. funston@eskom .co.za FAX:
Page 3of20
RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN
[ Actilfity
Transport of Fly Ash.
Transport of Bottom I course ash
Rlsk Description
Dust generated In large quantities during the on and I or offloading might contaminate nearby natural botanical species and agricultural crops by settling on the plant leaves, stems or flowers. In large quantities, ash dust might settle on water body surfaces and be ingested by aquatic vertebrates and Invertebrates.
Although ash has been shown to Increase the pH of the soli, certain soils might be contaminated with large and continuous deposition of ash dust ..
Accidental spillages during loading and unloading of vehicles. Dust will be less of a factor in the handling of course I bottom ash. Spillages during the on and I or offloading might contaminate nearby natural botanical species and agricultural crops by settling on the plant leaves, stems or flowers.
Aclion(s) to minlmlsil martage the risk
Fly ash must be transported in tankers or sealed bins I containers.
PPE in the form of dust masks and eye protection must be worn. Dust suppression should be carried out at point of load and unload of ash. Ash should be packaged in bags to minimise dust generation.
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff must be completed to raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
All transport vehicles for course ash, bottom ash and run of station ash must have load bins and must be covered with a tightly fitted tarpaulin.
All Ash should undergo dust suppression at point of loading. Vehicles must be
Although ash has been shown to serviced regularly and increase the pH of the soli, have their service certain soils might be records available.
I contaminated with large and Vehicles should be continuous deposition of ash checked for areas of spillage potential spillage.
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building
ResponslbiUty (Who Is responsible to do 11)
Ash transporter and/ or ash offtaker
Ash transporter
I and/ or ash offtaker
Page 4of20
Transport of all Ash
Transport of all Ash: Compliance of vehicle to Road traffic Act
l and training of staff -~ must be completed to raise awareness of the risks and response I plans.
----l'------
Spillage of ash or water containing ash from the transport
I vehicles on route to the ash users. Dust generated In large quantities during the on and I or offloading might · contaminate nearby natural botanical species and agricultural crops by settling on the plant leaves, stems or flowers. In large quantities, ash dust might settle on water body surfaces and be ingested by aquatic vertebrates and Invertebrates.
Although ash has been shown to increase the pH of the soil, certain soils might becontaminated with large and continuous deposition of ash dust.
A pre start inspection of all vehicles should be completed periodically to ensure road worthiness.
Vehicles must comply to SABS 1518 "Transportation of dangerous goods" and have on board the MSOS for the ash being transponed.
Equipment for emergency events must be available on vehicles. Wheelie bins for example with berms, brooms. and spades must be on the vehicle.
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff must be completed to raise awareness of the risks a"nd response plans.
1 Vehicles in poor condition or A pre start inspection of inadequate to transport ash will all vehicles should be facilitate uncontrolled spillages of ash. Dust generated in large quantities during the on and I or offloadlng might contaminate
completed periodically to ensure road worthiness.
nearby natural botanical species Vehicles must comply to
I and agricultural crops by settling SABS 1518 " on the plant leaves, stems or Transportation of · flowers. dangerous goods" and In large quantities, ash dust might have on board the
. settle on water body surfaces and MSOS for the ash being be Ingested by aquatic transported.
Ash transporter and/ or ash offtaker
I Ash transporter and/ or ash offtaker
-
vertebrates and invertebrates. I Equipment for emergency events must -------------------J
Page I of20
Although ash has been shown to increase the pH of the soli, certain soils might be contaminated with large and continuous deposition of ash dust.
be available on vehicles
Any spillages of ash, dirty water or ash material must be reported to the Generator. Such spills must be attended too and cleaned as a matter of urgency (within 48 hours).
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff must be completed to raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
~------ ------------1 Fly ash to be stored in
sllos- Couse ash must be stored on a concrete surface which Is bunded wlth bricked cement to a height effective to
Soil contamination by ash stored contain all the ash. Ash
Storage of Ash
at the user facility. Fresh Fly ash may only be stored on will be stored in tankers or dosed this lined and bunded bins I containers and It remains area. AJI ash to be improbable that any covered during storage. contamination will occur.
Ash spillages in liquid form could contaminate water bodies and be detrimental to vertebrate and
I invertebrate aquatic life. In extreme cases, natural vectors could convey contaminated water to groundwater aquifers. Although ash has been shown to increase the pH of the soil, certain soils might be contaminated ash spillages.
Clean and dirty water must be kept separate to limit contamination of water.
Any spillages of ash, dirty water or ash material must be reported to the Generator. Such spills must be attended too and deaned as a matter of urgency (within 48 hours).
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff
Ash transporter and I or ash offtaker
must be completed to -l.------~ L_ ____ L_ _________ ~~~--
Pagel of20
raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
Ash must be stored on a Ash transporter
concrete surface which is bunded with bricked
and/ or ash
cement to a height offtaker
effective to contain all
Groundwater contamination by the ash. Ash may only
ash stored at the user facility. be stored on this lined
Fresh Fly ash will be stored in and bunded area. Clean
tankers or closed bins I and dirty water must be
containers and It remains kept separate to limit
I improbable that any contamination of water.
contamination will occur Any large spillages of
Ash spillages in liquid form could ash, dirty water or ash Storage of contaminate water bodies and be material must be Ash detrimental to vertebrate and reported to the
invertebrate aquatic life.· Generator. Such spills
In extreme cases, natural vectors must be attended too
could convey contaminated and cleaned as a matter water to groundwater aquifers of urgency (within 48
hours).
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff must be completed to raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
Surface water contamination by Fly ash must be stored Ash transporter
ash storage at the user facility. In silo's or similar sealed and/ or ash
Fresh Fly ash will be stored In containers. offtaker
tankers or closed bins I containers and it remains Any spillages of ash, improbable that any dirty water or ash contamination will occur material must be
Storage of reported to the
Ash Ash spillages in liquid form could Generator. Such spills contaminate water bodies and be must be attended too detrimental to · vertebrate and and cleaned as a matter invertebrate aquatic life. of urgency (within 48 In extreme cases, natural vectors hours). could convey contaminated water to groundwater aquifers. The relevant tool box
I talks, capacity building and training of staff
Page 7 of20
.--------r------------, must be completed to
raise awareness of the risks and response plans. Storage area to be Inspected weekly to check Integrity of the
structu::.:.r-=-e--=-----1 ~-----+------------r Ash to be stored In a
Potential for stockpiled ash to generate leachate during rainfall
Construction and design of an ash handling and/ or storage facility
Ash facilities with poorly constructed stormwater drain systems could discharge dirty water to the environment.
formal storage area which Is bunded Ensure physical separation ofthe dirty and clean stormwater drains. Esnure construction of the faclllzy directs all dirty stormwater drains to a containment area I pltordam. Storage area to be Inspected weekly to check Integrity of the structure All ash handling and storage facilities must be adequately ventilated and ash handlers Issued with the appropriate PPE (particularly masks and gloves).
Ash facilities which are poorly contaminated water to ventilated will cause possible be managed from health Impacts. Poorly leaving the site. ventilated ash workplaces will
likely result in health symptoms Any spillages of ash, and skin and dermal Irritations dirty water or ash associated with ash particle material must be Ingestion. reported to the
Generator. Such spills must be attended too and cleaned as a matter of urgency (within 48 hours).
-Ash Offtaker
Ash transporter and/ or ash offtaker
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff l must be com~eted .:.:to:...___L_ _____ _,
Page 8 ofZO
raise awareness of the risks and response plans. I On and off loading areasi-
Ash transporter
Construction and design of an ash · handling and/ or storage facility
Access Control to Ash facilities
Ash facilities close to natural water bodies will cause possible soil or water contamination. Spillage or dust blown particles if in large enough quantities, might contaminate natural and manmade surface water bodies.
Uncontrolled access to ash facilities will lead to non compliance to the controls of the Risk Management Plan. Unsupervised: spillage or dust blown particles if in large enough quantities, might contaminate natural and man-made surface water bodies.
are required to be appropriately bunded and lined. All contaminated water from vehicle washing and wheel washing must be contained.
Any spillages of ash, dirty water or ash material must be reported to the Gen~rator. Such spills must be attended too and cleaned as a matter of urgency (within 48 hours)·.
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff must be completed to raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
Relevant PPE must be worn by all employees when handling ash. Site access must be controlled and warning signs must be visible at the access point . Access to the ash facility as well as on and off loading areas must be controlled via a register, ledger or similar control mechanism.
All ash handling and storage facilities must have adequate sign age.
and/ or ash offtaker
Ash transporter and/ or ash offtaker
Handling of Dust generated during loading Ash must only be Ash on site 1 and unloading of vehicles. handled within the lined Ash transporter I
--------------------------~--------- and/orash
Pagel of20
Extraction of Ash/ On and off loading of Ash
Emergency or unplanned event
Spillage of ash material or slurry. Dust generated in large quantities during the on and I or offloading might contaminate nearby natural botanical species and agricultural crops by settling on the plant leaves, stems or flowers. In large quantities, ash dust might settle on water body surfaces and be ingested by aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates.
and bunded area.
Any spillages of ash, dirty water or ash material must be reported to the Generator. Such spills must be attended too and cleaned as a matter of urgency (within 48 hours).
The relevant tool box Although ash has been shown to talks, capacity building inaease the pH of the soli, and training of staff certain soils might be must be completed to contaminated with large and raise awarene~s of the continuous deposition of ash risks and response dust. plans.
Loss of containment with potential Impacts· to air, soil, ground and surface water. In an emergency or unplanned event, dust generate~ I~ large quantities might contaminate nearby natural botanical species and agricultural crops by settling on the plant leaves, stems or flowers. In large quantities, ash dust might settle on water body surfaces and be Ingested by aquatic vertebrates and Invertebrates.
Although ash has been shown to lnaease the pH of the soil, certain soils might be contaminated with large and continuous deposition of ash dust.
The inadequate management of
Site to have an emergency response plan In place inclusive of appropriate equipment such as control and clean up diversion berms.
Any spillages of ash, dirty water or ash material must be reported to the Generator. Su~h spills must ~e attended too and cleaned as a matter of urgency (within 48 hours).
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff must be completed to raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
Stonn water stormwater on site will allow All dirty areas should be separated from clean water areas, where dirty storm water is 1
management discharge of contaminated water to the environment. Ash
------------~--
offtaker
f----------l
Ash transporter and/ or ash offtaker
Ash transporter and/ or ash
1 offtaker
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Leaching of ash elements
contaminated effluent or J collected within a dirty stormwater if diverted Into water water dam for reuse as bodies, may be harmful If dust suppressant and ingested by aquatic vertebrates for evaporation. and invertebrates.
Any spillages of ash, dirty water or ash material must be reported to the Generator. Such spills must be attended too and cleaned as a matter of urgency (within 48 hours).
The relevant tool box talks, capacity buil~ing and training of staff must be completed to raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
Ash Is only prone to leaching In highly acidic
The chemical reaction of ash environments. Any particles with natural elements in spillages of ash, dirty the surrounding soil and water water or ash material could lead to the leaching of I must be reported to the harmful metals into the Generator. Such spills environment. The leaching of must be attended too harmful metals from ash will be and cleaned as a matter toxic to all vertebrate and of urgency (within 48 Invertebrate life in the soil hours).
I
substrate and water bodies. The negative effect will likely be The relevant tool box extended to the health of the talks, capacity building soils and the botanical and training of staff biodiversity of the area. must be completed to
raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
I The treatment of AMD with ash
p d ti f will result in the formation of ro uc on ° secondary sludge which will
Sludge from the treatment of AMD must be classified for proper
secondary require proper disposal. waste ' Improper disposal could lead to
the contamination of soil, surface and ground water
disposal. Sludge (unless otherwise classified) must be disposed of at a
I Ash transporter and I or ash offtaker
Ash offtaker
registered hazardous ----------------~
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Decommisslo nlng of site
Without a decommissioning plan a non active site may lead to ash spillages or contamination of surrounding air, soil and water. In the scenario of an abandoned site, dust generated In large quantities might contaminate nearby natural botanical species and agricultural crops by settling on the plant leaves, stems or flowers. In large quantities, ash dust might settle on water body surfaces and cause harm If ingested by aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates. In severe cases, an abandoned site might eventually contaminate groundwater at the site. Although ash has been shown to increase the pH of the soil, certain soils might be contaminated with large and continuous deposition of ash dust.
waste disposal site . I
Sites must have a plan associated for the decommissioning phase to ensure zero post operations Impacts. Funds should be set aside for decommissioning during the life of the project.
The relevant tool box talks, capacity building and training of staff must be completed to raise awareness of the risks and response plans.
Ash offtaker
I f---,S~O:-:C,.,...lO~--::-EC=-o:--N~OMIC RISKS:
Positive spin offs at risk should ash beneficiation not be possible:
Job creation
Small business development
1 This Is a positive spin off 1 E kom d Increase in job creation for of ash beneficiation and
0s rt an t f
unskilled to semiskilled workforce should be maximised. E e~a men tol In vulnerable communities. nv•ronmen a
Affairs
This is a positive spin off The low cost of ash and the f h b efl
1 . d Eskom and
relaxation of some of the Norms 0 has ld ben c ~tJ~n ;n Department of and Standards will promote sm~ll s ou e max mJse · Environmental
f--- -----.-b-usiness development ~ffairs The low cost of ash and the This ~ a pos;tl~e .spin °: Eskom and relaxation of some of the Norms 0~ asld bbene ICJ~t•~n:n Department of and Standards may empower s ou e max mJse • Environmental
Community based projects
vulnerable communities to Affairs participate In projects. Eskom assistance may also promote community based projects.
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DECLARATION
I, W G S FUNSTON hereby declare that I have read the completed Risk Management fonn and hereby confirm that the information is to the best of my knowledge true and correct.
Furthermore, I declare that I am fully aware of my responsibilities in terms of the Waste Exclusion Regulations, and that failure to comply with these Regulations may constitute an offence in terms of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act 59 of 2008).
Applicant (Full names) WARREN FUNSTON
Designation MANAGER: BIODIVERSITY AND WASTE
Signature
I
I Dme 20 September 2018
I FOR OFFICE USE ONLy
Date Received l Decision Taken Authorised
1 Not authorised
I (provide reason)
l;ference rnber
Place JHB
I
Page13 ofaO
Material Safety Data sheet for fly ash and bottom ash
The categories of Information supplied on this MSOS are as stipulated in SANS 10234 and SANS/ISO 11014
section 1: Product and company Identification
Product Unclassified fly ash Alternative names Pulverised fuel ash, PFA, Fly ash
Physical appearance and description Fly ash: Fly ash Is a fine, grey comprised of mostly spherical glass particles produced In the
combustion of pulverised coal In power s:tation boilers. It has no odour. Bottom ash: Bottom ash is a similar product formed of larger particles, which are not released to
the flue gas.
Formulation The basic alumina-silicate form is not altered in the handling process.
Supplier/Manufacturer Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd 1Maxwell Drive Sunnlnghill Sandton PO Box 1091 Johannesburg 2000
Arnot Power Station Camden Power Station Ouvha Power Station Grootvlel Power Station Hendrlna Power Station Kendal Power Station Komatl Power Station Krlel Power Station Lethabo Power Station Majuba Power Station Matlmba Power Station Matla Power Station Tutuka Power Station Medupl Power Station Kuslle Power Station
Page 14of20
Section 2: Composition/ingredients
Fly ash is compris·ed of mostly silicon (Si02) and aluminium oxides (Al20 3) in the form of aluminasilicate amorphous spheres. It also contains minor amounts of iron (Fe203), calcium (CaO), titanium (Ti02) and magnesium (MgO) oxides.
Section 3: Hazards Identification
Identification Fly ash is a fine grey power that poses little immediate hazard. Short term exposure is not likely to cause harm. labelling and classification complies with SANS 10234
NB- Fly ash Is alkaline and if wet may Irritate the skin.
Fly ash contains small amounts of crystalline silica. Any activity causing dust should be minimised.
Cardnogen potential- OHSA and IARC to not list fly ash as a carcinogen
Effects of eye contact Airborne dust may cause immediate of delayed irritation and inflammation.
Effect of skin contact Fly ash may cause dry skin and irrltation.depending on the conta.ct time.
Effect of inhalation Inhalation of the dust may cause irritation of the nose, throat and/or lungs depending on the degree of exposure.
Effect of Ingestion Small quantities of fly ash are not known to be harmful. large volumes will Irritate the digestive tract.
Section 4: First aid measures
Skin Contact Wash the· affected area with soap and water. If any Irritation occurs get medical attention.
Eye contact Flush the eyes with large amounts of water. If any irritation occurs get medical attention.
Inhalation Move the affected person to fresh air. If the nose or airways become Inflamed get medical attention.
Ingestion Do not induce vomiting. Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and give the person water to drink. If any discomfort is experienced get medical attention.
Section 5: Fire and explosion hazard data
Page 16of2D
Flash point: Non-flammable I Non explosive
Flammable (Explosive Limits% Vol): Not applicable
Unusual Fire and Explosive Hazards: None
Special Flre-flshtlns Procedures: None
Section 6: Accidental release measures
Methods of deanlns Vacuum spilled material and place in a bag or container. Spray with a small amount of water to facilitate handling and minimise dust formation. Do not wash down drains.
Environmental precautions Prevent fly ash from entering surface water (water course or dams)
Section 7: Handling and storage
Handling Avoid accldental formation of ash dust. Vacuum any spills and dampen dean-up remains.
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Storage Store dry In bags (preferably on pallets) or in containers or bulk silos
Engulfment hazard To prevent burial or suffocation do not enter any confined space that houses fly ash. Fly ash can adhere and build up on walls in a confined space.
Section 8: Exposure controls and Personal Protection
Skin Protection Wear impervious clothing, boots and gloves and a barrier cream, if possible, to limit prolonged exposure to fly ash. Wash as soon as possible after any exposure.
Respiratory protection Use local or general ventilation to control exposure. Use suitable dust masks/respirators in poorly ventilated areas.
Eye Protection Wear safety glasses with side shields If there Is a risk of dust formation during handling.
Ingestion Small amounts of fly ash are not known to be harmful.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The following PPE is recommended when working with fly ash.
Section 9: Physical and chemical properties
Appearance: fine, grey powder
Odour: No distinct odour
pH: 11.0 (>8 in water)
Boiling point: Not applicable
Melting point: Not applicable (>1250°C)
Vapour density: Not applicable
Flash poln~: Not applicable (non-volatile)
Page 17of20
Solubility in water: Slightly
Specific G ravlty: 2.0-2.5
Chemical analyses:
Unclassified Fly ash I %Tested
LOI 0.4-7.8
SiOz . 50.6-60.0 I Ala OJ 25.3-33.3 FE a OJ 3.2-6.4 TiOz 1.5-1.9 I PzOs 0.37-1.07 CaO 3.1-8.2
~0 0.6-2.1 NaaO 0.1-0.9 KzO 0.6~
sol -t 0.2-1.2 MnO 0.01-0.03
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Section 10: Stability and reactivity
Stability: . Stable under normal room temperature and conditions. No hazardous combustion decomposition products.
Reactivity Will form lumps with long term exposure to moisture. WIIJ react violently with bromine trlflourlde, fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and phosphorOus.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
No toxicological disease or condition reported to date.
Inhalation of mlcrosilica dust is considered to entail minimal risk of silicosis.
Section 12: Ecological information
Environmental effects are limited unless large quantities are Involved.
Eco-toxlclty: No recognised unusual toxicity to plants and animals
Aquatic toxicity: Non-toxic In low quantities. Large volumes will cause an Increase in pH above 12, which will result In the death of aquatic life.
Section 13: Disposal considerations
There are no residues from using the product. Do not wash down drains Disposal in landfill suitable for building rubble or dispose on existing Eskom ash dumps (prior arrangement).
Section 14: Transport Information
Fly ash Is not considered hazardous for the purpose of transportation.
As fly ash (PFA) is not hazardous cargo it does not have a UN number.
Section 15: Regulatory Information
The classification of ash is required In accordance with GR 634 of the NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: WASTE ACT, 2008 (ACT NO. 59 OF 2008), WASTE CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS which prescribe the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) of dassificatlon and labelling of chemicals, as represented in South African National Standard SANS 10234:2008 Ed 1.1.
Section 16: Other Information
Prepared by: Eskom Research, Testing and Demonstration
Page18 of20
Approved by: Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd
Approval date/ revision date: December 2014/ as required by legislative changes
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd believes that the Information contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet to be accurate and up to date. The Information is offered In good faith but Eskom Holdings SCO Ltd does not assume liability for the use of the Information. The Information Is not Intended to be legal advice.
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