OF BACHELOR DEGREE SCIENCE... · Three Year Degree Course Bachelor of Science – Coures Structure...

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VIKRAM DEB AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE

JEYPORE, KORAPUT, ODISHA - 764001

COURSE OF STUDIES

OF

BACHELOR DEGREE SCIENCE CBCS

ADMISSION BATCH 2015 ONWARD

ZOOLOGY

Published by VIKRAM DEB AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE

JEYPORE, KORAPUT, ODISHA www.vikramdebcollege.org

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Three Year Degree Course Bachelor of Science – Coures Structure

2015 Onwards ZOOLOGY

1st Year 1st Semester C.C. – I 100 C.C. – II 100 AECC 50 G.E – I (Paper-I) 100 Total 350

2nd Semester C.C. – III 100 C.C. – IV 100 AECC – EVS 50 G.E. – II (Paper-I) 100 Total 350 2nd Year 3rd Semester C.C. – V 100 C.C. – VI 100 C.C. – VII 100 SEC – I 50 G.E. – I (Paper II) 100 Total 450 4th Semester C.C. – VIII 100 C.C. – IX 100 C.C. – X 100 SEC – II 50 G.E. – II (Paper II) 100 Total 450 3rd Year 5th Semester C.C. – XI 100 C.C. – XII 100 DSE - I 100 DSE - II 100 Total 400 6th Semester C.C. – XIII 100 C.C. – XIV 100 DSE - III 100 DSE - II 100 Total 400

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VIKRAM DEB AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE, JEYPORE

Three Years Degree Course Bachelor of Science C.B.C.S. Course Structure

1st Year 1St emester Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 1 4 75 15 60 Core - 1 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 2 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 2 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 2 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 AECC - MIL/Eng 2 50 10 40 Generic Elective - 1 Paper – 1 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Generic Elective - 1 Paper - 1 Practical 2 25 - 25 Generic Elective – 1 Paper – 1 Mathematics 6 100 20 80

20 350

2nd emester Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 3 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 3 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 3 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core - 4 4 75 15 60 Core - 4 Practical 2 25 - 25 EVS 2 50 10 40 Generic Elective - 2 Paper – 1 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Generic Elective – 2 Paper – 1 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Generic Elective - 2 Paper - 1 Practical 2 50 10 40

20 350

2nd Year 3rd Semister Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 5 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 5 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 5 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core - 6 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 6 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 6 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core - 7 4 75 15 60 Core - 7 Practical 2 25 - 25 SEC - I Subject Specific Skills 2 50 10 40 Generic Elective - 1 Paper - 2 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Generic Elective - 1 Paper - 2 Practical 2 25 - 25 Generic Elective - 1 Paper - 2 Mathematics 6 100 20 80

26 450

4th Semister Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 8 4 75 15 60 Core - 8 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 9 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 9 Practical 2 25 - 25

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Core - 9 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core - 10 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 10 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 10 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 SEC - 2 Subject Specific Skills 2 50 10 40 Generic Elective - 2 Paper - 2 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Generic Elective - 2 Paper - 2 Practical 2 25 - 25 Generic Elective - 2 Paper - 2 Mathematics 6 100 20 80

26 450

3RD Year 5th Semister Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 11 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 11 Practical 2 25 - 25 Coere - 11 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core – 12 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 12 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 12 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 DSE - 1 6 100 20 80 DSE - 2 6 100 20 80

24 400

6th Semister Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 13 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 13 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 13 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core – 14 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 14 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 14 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 DSE - 3 6 100 20 80

DSE - 4 (Project) 6 100

Viva-20 Presentation-

20 Disserteation

– 60

24 400

Total Credit = 140

Total Marks = 2400 * AECC - Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course SEC - Skill Enhancement Courses DSE - Discipline Specific Elective GE - Generic Elective

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ZOOLOGY COURSE STRUCTURE Semester Paper Subject Marks Duration of

Exam First Year

1st sem. C.C. I NON-CHORDATES I : PROTISTS TO PSEUDOCOELOMATES

75 3

PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. II PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY 75 3 PRACTICAL 75 3

2nd Sem. C.C. III NON-CHORDATES : COELOMATES 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. IV CELL BIOLOGY 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

Second Year 3rd Sem. C.C. V DIVERSITY OF CHORDATES 75 3

PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. VI PHYSIOLOGY : CONTROLLING AND

COORDIANATING SYSTEMS 75 3

PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. VII FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

4th Sem. C.C. VIII COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES

75 3

PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. IX PHYSIOLOGY : LIFE SUSTAINING

SYSTEMS 75 3

PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. X BIOCHEMISTRY OF METABOLIC

PROCESSES 75 3

PRACTICAL 25 3 Third Year

5th Sem. C.C. XI MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 75 3 PRACTIVAL 25 3 C.C. XII PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

6th Sem. C.C. XIII DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. XIV EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE 2nd Year 3rd Sem. SEC I APICULTURE 50 3 4th Sem. SEC II MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS 50 3

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE 3rd Year 5th Sem. DSE I IMMUNOLOGY 100 3

DSE II FISH AND FISHERIES 100 3 6th Sem. DSE III WILDLIFE CONSERVATIONAND

MANAGEMENT 100 3

DSE IV PROJECT 100 3

N. B.: 1) 20 % marks in each paper is allocated to Mid Semester Examination and 80 % marks allocated to term End Examination. 2) There shall be only one Mid Semester Examination in each Semester.

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Combination for Honours BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

Core AECC Compulsory AECC Skill Based DSE GE

Botany MIL/Alt. English

EVS Subject Specific

Botany Zoology Chemistry

Zoology Zoology Botany Chemistry

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Semester - I AECC – MIL (Odia)

Full Marks – 50 `ÐWÔ : jcèÐ], bþÐiÐ J jÐkÞþ[Ô

1c HLL - jcèÐ]eþ èÞþbþÐiÐ, èÞþjeþ J `õLÐeþ

2 Æ HLL - jcèÐ] jÕNõkþeþ `w[Þ, õªÊÆ[Þ, èÞþÒaiZ

3 Æ HLL - jcèÐ]eþ bþÐiÐ, jcèÐ] J jÐkÞþ[Ô

jkþÐ¯ÆL Nõx :

1 - jcèÐ] J jÐcèÐ]ÞL[Ð - QtõÒhMeþ ckþÐ`Ð[ö, JXÞA `ÐWÔ`ÊªÆL õLÐh_ J `õZ¯Æ_ jÕyÐ, bËþaÒ_hèeþ¼¼Ð

2 - jÐeþjè[ jÐlÐ[LÐeþ - aÞS¯ÆÐ_t jÞÕkþ, aÞ]ÔÐ`ÊeþÑ, LVL

3 - jÕÒdÐN @_ÊaÞ Þ / aÔÐakþÐeÞþL JXÞA bþÐiÐ J õÒ¯ÆÐNÐ[ëL aÔÐLeþZ - jÒ«ÆÐi [öÞ ÐWÑ, _ÐftÐ, LVL

4 - mþM_LfÐ J õÐÒ¯ÆÐNÞL aÔÐLeþZ - @S Æ LÊcÐeþ cÞhõ, LmþÔÐZÑ àîÞhjà, LVL

Mid Sem - 10

Term End - 40

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Semester - I Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course for Science

ENGLISH Full Marks - 50

This course aims at enhancing the English language proficiency of undergraduate students in humanity, science and commerce streams to prepare them for the academic, social and professional expectations during and after the course. The course will help develop academic and social English competencies in speaking, listening, pronunciation, reading and writing, grammar and usage, vocabulary, syntax, and rhetorical patterns. Students, at the end of the course, should be able to use English appropriately and effectively for further studies or for work where English is used as the language of communication. Unit I Reading Comprehension [15] " Locate and remember the most important points in the reading " Interpret and evaluate events, ideas, and information " Read "between the lines" to understand underlying meanings " Connect information to what they already know Unit II Writing [15] 1. Expanding an Idea 2. Writing a Memo 3. Report Writing 4. Creative Writing 5. News Story 6. Setting in Creative Writing 7. Writing a Business Letter 8. Letters to the Editor 9. Précis Writing 10. CV & Resume Writing 11. Dialog writing 12. Covering Letter 13. Writing Formal Email 14. Elements of Story Writing 15. Note Making 16. Information Transfer 17. Interviewing for news papers Unit III Language functions in listening and conversation [06] 1. Discussion on a given topic in pairs 2. Speaking on a given topic individually (Practice to be given using speaking activities from the prescribed textbooks) Grammar and Usage [14] 1. Simple and Compound Sentences 2. Complex Sentences 3. Noun Clause 4. Adjective Clause 5. Adverb Clause 6. The Conditionals in English 7. The Second Conditional 8. The Third Conditional 9. Words and their features 10. Phrasal Verbs 11. Collocation 12. Using Modals 13. Use of Passives 14. Use of Prepositions 15. Subject-verb Agreement 16. Sentence as a system 17. Common Errors in English Usage

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Book Prescribed Vistas and Visions: An Anthology of Prose and Poetry. (Ed.)Kalyani Samantray, Himansu S. Mohapatra, Jatindra K. Nayak, Gopa Ranjan Mishra, Arun Kumar Mohanty. OBS Texts to be studied (For Science) Prose " Pleasures of Ignorance " Ecology and Society " Lifestyle English " Playing the English gentleman Poetry " Lover's Infiniteness " Last Sonnet " The Felling of the Banyan Tree All grammar and writing activities in the textbook

Mid Sem - 10

Term End - 40

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Semester - II Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course (AECC)

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Full Marks - 50

Unit - I Basic Concepts of Environment Ecological Factors; Air, Water, Soil, Light, Temperature, Biotic factors Ecosystem: Concepts, Structure and Function, Food Chain, Food Web, Ecological Pyramid, Energy Flow, Biogeochemical Cycle (Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle) Unit - II Environmental Pollution Air Pollution; Water Pollution, Industrial Pollution, Noise Pollution, Types of Pllutants, Sources and fate of Pollutants in the environment. Sewage treatment, Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, Acid Rain. Unit - III Conservation of Natural Resourses Renewal and Non-Renewable resourcs, soil erosion and conservation, Forest Conservation, Wildlife Conservation, Pollution control Board and its function, Environmental education and awarness. Suggested Readings :

1. Fundamental of Ecology by E.P. Odum 2. Fundamental of Ecology by M.C. Dash 3. Ecology and Environment by P.D. Sharma 4. Concepts of Ecology by E.J. Kormondy 5. Fundamentals of Enviromental studies by N.K. Tripathy 6. Environmental studies by Dr. A.K. Panigrahi and Alaka Sahu 7. Parivesh Bigyana : Dr. Ranganath Mishra

Mid Sem - 10

Term End - 40

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2nd Year Semester – III ZOOLOGY

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES SEC 1

APICULTURE Full Marks : 100

(CREDITS 2) Unit I: Biology of Bees (4) History, Classification and Biology of Honey Bees Social Organization of Bee Colony Unit II: Rearing of Bees (10) Artificial Bee rearing (Apiary), Beehives - Newton and Langstroth Bee Pasturage Selection of Bee Species for Apiculture Bee Keeping Equipment Methods of Extraction of Honey (Indigenous and Modern) Unit III: Diseases and Enemies (5) Bee Diseases and Enemies Control and Preventive measures Unit IV: Bee Economy (2) Products of Apiculture Industry and its Uses (Honey, Bees Wax, Propolis), Pollen etc Entrepreneurship in Apiculture (4) Bee Keeping Industry - Recent Efforts, Modern Methods in employing artificial Beehives for cross pollination in horticultural gardens Suggested Readings : • Prost, P. J. (1962). Apiculture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi. • Bisht D.S., Apiculture, ICAR Publication. • Singh S., Beekeeping in India, Indian council of Agricultural Research, NewDelhi.

Mid Sem. - 10 Term End - 40

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Semester – IV SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES

SEC2 MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS

Full Marks : 100 THEORY (Credits 2) Unit I: Introduction to Medical Diagnostics and its Importance 2 Unit II: Diagnostics Methods Used for Analysis of Blood 10 Blood composition, Preparation of blood smear and Differential Leucocyte Count (D.L.C) using Leishman's stain, Platelet count using haemocytometer, Erythrocyte Sedimentary Rate (E.S.R), Packed CelJ Volume (P.C.V.) Unit III: Diagnostic Methods Used for Urine Analysis 6 Urine Analysis: Physical characteristics; Abnormal constituents Non-infectious Diseases 6 Causes, types, symptoms, complications, diagnosis and prevention of Diabetes (Type I and Type II), Hypertension (Primary and secondary), Testing of blood glucose using Glucometer/Kit Unit IV: Infectious Diseases Causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis and prevention of Tuberculosis and Hepatitis Tumours Types (Benign/Malignant), Detection and metastasis; Medical imaging: X-Ray of Bone fracture, PET, MRI and CT Scan (using photographs). Suggested Readings : • Park, K. (2007), Preventive and Social Medicine, B.B. Publishers • Godkar P.B. and Godkar D.P. Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology, 11 Edition, Bhalani Publishing House • Cheesbrough M., A Laboratory Manual for Rural Tropical Hospitals, A Basis for Training Courses • Guyton A.C. and HalJ J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology, Saunders • Robbins and Cortan, Pathologic Basis of Disease, VIIIEdition, Saunders • Prakash, G. (2012), Lab Manual on Blood Analysis and Medical Diagnostics, S. Chand and Co. Ltd.


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1st Year Semester – I

Core Course : ZOOLOGY Core Course (C.C.) - I

NON-CHORDATES I: PROTISTS TO PSEUDOCOELOMATES Full Marks : 100

Unit I: Protista, Parazoa and Metazoa General characteristics and Classification up to classes, Study of Euglena, Amoeba and Paramecium, Life cycle and pathogenicity of Plasmodium vivax and Entamoeba histolytica, Locomotion and Reproduction in Protista, Evolution of symmetry and segmentation of Metazoa Unit II: Porifera General characteristics and Classification up to classes, Canal system and spicules in sponges Unit III: Cnidaria and Ctenophora General characteristics and Classification up to classes, Obelia, Polymorphism in Cnidaria, Corals and coral reefs, General characteristics and Evolutionary signficance of Ctenophora. Unit IV: Platyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes General characteristics and Classification up to classes, Life cycle and pathogenici ty of Fasciola hepatica and Taenia solium, General characteristics and Classification up to classes, Life cycle, and pathogenicity of Ascaris lumbricoides and Wuchereria bancrofti,Parasi tic adaptations in helminthes, Note : Clasification to be followed from "Ruppert and Barnes (2006) Invertebrate Zoology, 8th edition, Holt Saunders International Edition." Suggested Readings : • Ruppert and Barnes, R.D. (2006). Invertebrate Zoology, VIII Edition. Holt Saunders International Edition. • Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P., Olive, P.l.W., Golding, D.W. and Spicer, 1.I. (2002). The Invertebrates: A New Synthesis, III Edition, Blackwell Science • Barrington, E.l. W. (1979). Invertebrate Structure and Functions. II Edition, E.L.B.S. and Nelson PRACTICALS 1. Study of whole mount of Euglena, Amoeba and Paramecium, Binary fission and Conjugation in Paramecium 2. Examination of pond water collected from different places for di versi ty in protista 3. Study of Sycon (T. S. and L.S.), Hyalonema, Euplectella, Spongi/la 4. Study of Obelia, Physalia, Millepora, Aurelia, Tubipora, Corallium, Alcyonium,Gorgonia, Metridium, Pennatula, Fungia, Meandrina, Madrepora 5. One specimen/slide of any ctenophore 6. Study of adult Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium and their life cycles (Slides/microphotographs) 7. Study of adult Ascaris lumbricoides and its life stages (Slides/microphotographs) 8. To submit a Project Report on any related topic on life cycles/coral/ coral reefs.

Mid Sem. - 15 Term End - 60 Prctical - 25

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Semester – I Core Course : ZOOLOGY

Core Course (C.C.) - II PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Introduction to Ecology History of ecology, Autecology and synecology, Levels of organization, Laws of limiting factors, Study of physical factors Unit II: Population Uni tary and Modular populations, Unique and group attributes of population: Density, natality, mortality, life tables, fecundity tables, survivorship curves, age ratio, sex ratio, dispersal and dispersion, Exponential and logistic growth, equation and patterns, r and K strategies, Population regulation density-dependent and independent factors, Population interactions, Gause' s Principle with laboratory and field examples, Lotka- Volterra equation for competition and Predation, functional and numerical responses. Unit III: Community Community characteristics : species richness, dominance, diversity, abundance, vertical stratification, Ecotone and edge effect; Ecological succession with one example Theories pertaining to climax community. Unit IV: Ecosystem and Applied Ecology Types of ecosystems with one example in detai1, Food chain: Detritus and grazing, food chains, Linear and Yr shaped food chains, Food web, Energy flow through the ecosystem, Ecological pyramids and Ecological efficiencies, Nutrient and biogeochemical cycle with one example of Nitrogen cycle, Human modified ecosystem, Ecology in Wildlife Conservation and Management PRACTICALS 1. Study of life tables and plotting of survivorship curves of different types from the hypothetical/real data provided 2. Determination of population density in a natural/hypothetical community by quadrate method and calculation of Shannon-Weiner diversity index for the same community 3. Study of an aquatic ecosystem: Phytoplankton and zooplankton, Measurement of area, temperature, turbidity/penetration of'light, determination of pH, and Dissolved Oxygen content (Winkler' s method), Chemical Oxygen Demand and free CO2 4. Report on a visit to National Park/Biodiversity Park/Wildlife sanctuary Suggested Readings : • Colinvaux, P. A. (1993). Ecology. II Edition. Wiley, John and Sons, Inc. • Krebs, C. ]. (2001). Ecology. VI Edition. Benjamin Cummings . • Odum, E.P., (2008). Fundamentals of Ecology. Indian Edition. Brooks/Cole • Robert Leo Smith Ecology and field biology Harper and Row publisher • Ricklefs, R.E., (2000). Ecology. V Edition. Chiron Pres


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Semester – II Core Course : ZOOLOGY

Core Course (C.C.) - III NON-CHORDATES II: COELOMATES

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Introduction to Coelomates and Annelida Evolution of coelom and metamerism, General characteristics and Classification up to classes of Annelida, Excretion in Annelida Unit II: Arthropoda and Onychophora General characteristics and Classification up to classes, vision Respiration in Arthropoda, Metamorphosis in Insects, Social life in bees and termites, General characteristics and Evolutionary significance of Onychophora. Unit III: Mollusca General characteristics and Classification up to classes, Respiration in Mollusca, Torsion and detorsion in Gastropoda, Pearl formation in bivalves, Evolutionary significance of trochophore larva. Unit IV: Echinodermata General characteristics and Classification up to classes, Water-vascular system in Asteroidea, Larval forms in Echinodermata, Affinities with Chordates Suggested Readings : • Ruppert and Barnes, R.D. (2006). Invertebrate Zoology, VIII Edition. Holt Saunders International Edition • Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P., Olive, P. ]. W., Golding, D.W. and Spicer, 1. (2002). The Invertebrates: A New Synthesis, III Edition, Blackwell Science • Barrington, E.].W. (1979). Invertebrate Structure and Functions. II Edition, E.L.B.S. and Nelson PRACTICAL 1. Study of following specimens: Annelids -Aphrodite, Nereis, Heteronereis, Sabella, Serpula, Chaetopterus, Pheretima, Hirudinaria Arthropods - Limulus, Palamnaeus, Palaemon, Daphnia, Balanus, Sacculina, Cancer, Eupagurus, Scolopendra, Julus, Bombyx, Periplaneta, termites and honey bees Onychophora - Peripatus Molluscs - Chiton, Dentalium, Pila, Doris, Helix, Unio, Ostrea, Pinctada, Sepia,Octopus, Nautilus Echinodermates - Pentaceros/ Asterias, Ophiura, Clypeaster, Echinus, Cucumaria and Antedon 2. Study of digestive system, septal nephridia and pharyngeal nephridia of earthworm 3. T.S. through pharynx, gizzard, and typhlosolar intestine of earthworm 4. Mount of mouth parts and dissection of digestive system and nervous system of Periplaneta* 5. To submit a Project Report on any related topic to larval forms (crustacean, mollusc and echinoderm)


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Semester – II Core Course : ZOOLOGY

Core Course (C.C.) - IV CELL BIOLOGY

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Overview of Cells and Plasma Membrane Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Virus, Viroids, Mycoplasma, Prions, Various models of plasma membrane structure, Transport across membranes: Active and Passive transport, Facilitated transport, Cell junctions: Tight junctions, Desmosomes, Gap junctions Unit II: Endomembrane System and Mitochondria and Peroxisomes Structure and Functions: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lyscsomes, Mitochondria: Structure, Semi-autonomous nature, Endosymbiotic hypothesis, Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain, Chemi-osmotic hypothesis, Peroxisomes Unit III: Cytoskeleton and Nucleus Structure and Functions: Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments, Structure of Nucleus: Nuclear envelope, Nuclear pore complex, Nucleolus, Chromatin: Euchromatin Hetrochromatin and packaging and (nuc leosome) Unit IV: Cell Division and Cell Signaling Mitosis, Meiosis, Cell cycle and its regulation, GPCR and Role of second messenger (cAMP) Suggested Readings : • Karp, G. (2010). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. VI Edition. John Wiley and Sons. Inc. • De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. (2006). Cell and Molecular Biology. VIII Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. • Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E., (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. V Edition. ASM Press and Sunder land, Washington, D.C. ; Sinauer Associates, MA. • Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. ]. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009). The World of the Cell. VII Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco. • Bruce Albert, Bray Dennis, Levis Julian, Raff Martin, Roberts Keith and Watson James (2008). Molecular Biology of the Cell, V Edition, Garland publishing Inc., New York and London. PRACTICAL 1. Preparation of temporary stained squash of onion root tip to study various stages of mitosis 2. Study of various stages of meiosis. 3. Preparation of permanent slide to show the presence of Barr body in human female blood cells/cheek cells. 4. Preparation of permanent slide to demonstrate: i DNA by Feulgen reaction ii DNA and RNA by MGP iii Mucopolysaccharides by PAS reaction iv Proteins by Mercurobromophenol blue/Fast Green


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2nd Year Semester – III

Core Course : ZOOLOGY CORE COURSE (C.C.) - V

DIVERSITY OF CHORDATA Full Marks : 100

Unit - I Introduction to Chordates 2 General characteristics and outline classification Protochordata 8 General characteristics of Hemichordata, Urochordata and Cephalochordata; Study of larval forms in protochordates; Retrogressive metamorphosis in Urochordata Origin of Chordata Dipleurula concept and the Echinoderm theory of origin of chordates Advanced features of vertebrates over Protochordata Unit - II Agnatha 2 General characteristics and classification of cyclostomes up to class Pisces 8 General characteristics of Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes, classification up to order Migration, Osmoregulation and Parental care in fishes Amphibia Origin of Tetrapoda (Evolution of terrestrial ectotherms); General characteristics and classification up to order; Parental care in Amphibians 6 Unit – III Reptilia 7 General characteristics and classification up to order; Affinities of Sphenodon; Poison apparatus and Biting mechanism in snakes Aves 8 General characteristics and classification up to order Archaeopteryx—a connecting link; Principles and aerodynamics of flight, Flight adaptations and Migration in birds Mammals 8 General characters and classification up to order; Affinities of Prototheria; Adaptive radiation with reference to locomotory appendages Unit - IV Zoogeography 8 Zoogeographical realms, Theories pertaining to distribution of animals, Plate tectonic and Continental drift theory, distribution of vertebrates in different realms


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Semester – III Core Course : ZOOLOGY

CORE COURSE (C.C.) - VI ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: CONTROLLING AND COORDINATING SYSTEMS

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Tissues 6 Structure, location, classification and functions of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue Bone and Cartilage 4 Structure and types of bones and cartilages, Ossification, bone growth and resorption Unit II: Nervous System Structure of neuron, resting membrane potential, Origin of action potential and its propagation across the myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers; Types of synapse, Synaptic transmission and, Neuromuscular junction; Reflex action and its types - reflex arc; Physiology of hearing and vision. Muscle Histology of different types of muscle; Ultra structure of skeletal muscle; Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction; Characteristics of muscle twitch; Motor unit, summation and tetanus Unit III: Reproductive System Histology of testis and ovary; Physiology of male and female reproduction; Puberty, Methods of contraception in male and female Unit IV: Endocrine System Histology of endocrine glands - pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal; hormones secreted by them and their mechanism of action; Classification of hormones; Regulation of their secretion; Mode of hormone action, Signal transduction pathways for steroidal and non-steroidal hormones; Hypothalamus (neuroendocrine gland) - principal nuclei involved in neuroendocrine control of anterior pituitary and endocrine system; Placental hormones


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Semester – III Core Course : ZOOLOGY

CORE COURSE (C.C.) - VII FUNDAMENT ALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Carbohydrates Structure and Biological importance: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and Glycoconjugates Lipids Structure and Significance: Physiologically important saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Tri-acylglycerols, Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Steroids Unit II: Proteins Amino acids: Structure, Classification and General properties of a-amino acids; Physiological importance of essential and non-essential a-amino acids Proteins: Bonds stabilizing protein structure; Levels of organization In proteins; Denaturation; Introduction to simple and conjugate proteins Immunoglobulins: Basic Structure, Classes and Function, Antigenic Determinants Unit III: Nucleic Acids Structure: Purines and pyrimidines, Nucleosides, Nucleotides, Nucleic acids Cot Curves: Base pairing, Denaturation and Renaturation of DNA Types of DNA and RNA, Complementarity of DNA, Hpyo- Hyperchromaticity of DNA Unit IV: Enzymes Nomenclature and classification; Cofactors; Specificity of enzyme action; Isozymes; Mechanism of enzyme action; Enzyme kinetics; Factors affecting rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions; Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation, Concept of Km and Vmax, Lineweaver-Burk plot; Multi-substrate reactions; Enzyme inhibition; Allosteric enzymes and their kinetics; Regulation of enzymeaction (CREDITS 4)


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Semester – IV Core Course : ZOOLOGY

CORE COURSE (C.C.) - VIII COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Integumentary System Structure, functions and derivatives of integument Skeletal System Overview of axial and appendicular skeleton, Jaw suspensorium, Visceral arches Unit II: Digestive System Alimentary canal and associated glands, dentition Respiratory System Skin, gills, lungs and air sacs; Accessory respiratory organs Unit III: Circulatory System General plan of circulation, evolution of heart and aortic arches Urinogenital System Succession of kidney, Evolution of urinogenital ducts, Types of mammalian uteri Unit IV: Nervous System Comparative account of brain Autonomic nervous system, Spinal cord, Cranial nerves in mammals Sense Organs Classification of receptors Brief account of visual and auditory receptors in man (CREDITS 4) COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OFVERTEBRATES PRACTICAL (CREDITS 2) 1. Study of placoid, cycloid and ctenoid scales through permanent sl ides/photographs 2. Disarticulated skeleton of Frog, Varanus, Fowl, Rabbit 3. Carapace and plastron of turtle /tortoise 4. Mammalian skulls: One herbivorous and one carnivorous animal 5. Dissection of rat to study arterial and urinogenital system(subject to permission) 6. Study of structure of any two organs (heart, lung, kidney, eye and ear) from video recording (may be included if dissection not permitted) 7. Project on skeletal modifications in vertebrates (may be included if dissection not permitted) Suggested Readings : • Kardong, K.V. (2005) Vertebrates' Comparative Anatomy, Function and Evolution. IV Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education • Kent, G.c. and Carr R.K. (2000). Comparative Anatomy 0/ the Vertebrates. IX Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies • Hilderbrand, M and Gaslow G.E. Analysis a/Vertebrate Structure, John Wiley and Sons • Walter, H.E. and Sayles, L.P; Biology 0/ Vertebrates, Khosla Publishing House


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CORE COURSE (C.C.) - IX ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: LIFE SUSTAINING SYSTEMS

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Physiology of Digestion Structural organization and functions of gastrointestinal tract and associated glands; Mechanical and chemical digestion of food; Absorptions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, minerals and vitamins; Hormonal control of secretion of enzymes in Gastrointestinal tract. Unit II: Physiology of Respiration Histology of trachea and lung; Mechanism of respiration, Pulmonary ventilation; Respiratory volumes and capacities; Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood; Respiratory pigments, Dissociation curves and the factors influencing it; Carbon monoxide poisoning; Control of respiration Renal Physiology Structure of kidney and its functional unit; Mechanism of urine formation; Regulation of water balance; Regulation of acid-base balance Unit III: Blood Components of blood and their functions; Structure and functions of haemoglobin Haemostasis: Blood clotting system, Kallikrein-Kinninogen system, Complement system& Fibrinolytic system, Haemopoiesis Blood groups: Rh factor, ABO and MN Unit IV: Physiology of Heart Structure of mammalian heart; Coronary circulation; Structure and working of conducting myocardial fibers. Origin and conduction of cardiac impulses Cardiac cycle; Cardiac output and its regulation, Frank-Starling Law of the heart, nervous and chemical regulation of heart rate. Electrocardiogram, Blood pressure and its regulation ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: LIFE SUSTAINING SYSTEMS PRACTICALS (CREDITS 2) I. Determination of ABO Blood group 2. Enumeration of red blood cells and white blood cells using haemocytometer 3. Estimation of haemoglobin using Sahli's haemoglobinometer 4. Preparation of haemin and haernochromogen crystals 5. Recording of frog's heart beat under in situ and perfused conditions* 6. Recording of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer 7. Examination of sections of mammalian oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, rectum liver, trachea, lung, kidney (*Subject to UGC guidelines) Suggested Readings : • Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. XI Edition. Hercourt Asia PTE Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. • Tortora, G.J. & Grabowski, S. (2006). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. XI Edition John Wiley & sons, • Victor P. Eroschenko. (2008). diFiore's Atlas of Histology with Functional correlations. XII Edition. Lippincott W. & Wilkins. • Vander A, Shennan.l. and Luciano D. (2014). Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanism of Body Function. XIII Edition, McGraw Hills


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CORE COURSE (C.C.) - X BIOCHEMISTRY OF METABOLIC PROCESSES

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Overview of Metabolism Catabolism vs Anabolism, Stages of catabolism, Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways, Shuttle systems and membrane transporters; ATP as "Energy Currency of cell"; coupled reactions; Use of reducing equivalents and cofactors; Intermediary metabolism and regulatory mechanisms Unit II: Carbohydrate Metabolism Sequence of reactions and regulation of glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, Phosphate pentose pathway, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis Unit III: Lipid Metabolism ;oxidation and omega -oxidation of saturated fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms-ߚBiosynthesis of palmitic acid; Ketogenesis Protein Metabolism Catabolism of amino acids: Transamination, Deamina.tion, Urea cycle; Fate ofC-skeleton of Glucogenic and Ketogenic amino acids Unit IV: Oxidative Phosphorylation Redox systems; Review of mitochondrial respiratory chain, Inhibitors and un-couplers of Electron Transport System BIOCHEMISTRY OF METABOLIC PROCESS PRACTICALS (CREDITS 2) I. Estimation of total protein in given solutions by Lowry's method. 2. Detection of SGOT and SGPT or GST and GSH in serum/ tissue 3. To study the enzymatic activity of Trypsin and Lipase. 4. Study of biological oxidation (SOH) [goat liver] 5. To perform the Acid and Alkaline phosphatase assay from serum/ tissue. 6. Dry Lab: To trace the labelled C atoms of Acetyl-CoA till they evolve as C02in the TCA cycle Suggested Readings : • Cox, M.M and Nelson, D.L. (2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, V Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York. • Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. and Stryer, L. (2007). Biochemistry, VI Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York. • Murray, R.K., Bender, D.A., Botham, K.M., Kennelly, P.J., Rodwell, V.W. and Well, P.A. (2009). Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, XXVIII Edition, International Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. • Hames, B.D. and Hooper, N.M. (2000). Instant Notes in Biochemistry, II Edition, BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd., U.K.


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3rd Year Semester – V

Core Course : ZOOLOGY CORE COURSE (C.C.) - XI

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Full Marks : 100

Unit I: Nucleic Acids Salient features of DNA and RNA Watson and Crick model of DNA DNA Replication DNA Replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mechanism of DNA replication, Semi-conservative, bidirectional and semi-discontinuous replication, RNA priming, Replication of circular and linear ds-DNA,repl ication of telomeres Unit II: Transcription RNA polymerase and transcription Unit, mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, synthesis of rRNA and mRNA, transcription factors Translation Genetic code, Degeneracy ofthe genetic code and Wobble Hypothesis; Process of protein synthesis in prokaryotes: Ribosome structure and assembly in prokaryotes, fidelity of protein synthesis, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and charging of tRNA; Proteins involved in initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptide chain; Inhibitors of protein synthesis; Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation Unit III: Post Transcriptional Modifications and Processing of Eukaryotic RNA Structure of globin mRNA; Split genes: concept of introns and exons, splicing mechanism, alternative splicing, exon shuffling, and RNA. editing, Processing of RNA Gene Regulation Transcription regulation in prokaryotes: Principles of transcriptional regulation with examples from lac operon and trp operon; Transcription regulation in eukaryotes: Activators, repressors, enhancers, silencer elements; Gene silencing, Genetic imprinting Unit IV: DNA Repair Mechanisms Pyrimidine dimerization and mismatch repair Regulatory RNAs Ribo-switches, RNA interference, miRNA, siRNA MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PRACTICAL (CREDITS 2) 1. Study of Polytene chromosomes from Chironomous / Drosophila larvae 2. Preparation of liquid culture medium (LB) and raise culture of E. coli 3. Estimation of the growth kinetics of E. coli by turbidity method 4. Preparation of solid culture medium (LB) and growth of E. coli by spreading and streaking 5. Demonstration of antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of E. coli to antibiotic pressure and interpretation of results 6. Quantitative estimation of salmon sperm/calf thymus DNA using colorimeter (Dipheny.lamine reagent) or spectrophotometer (A260 measurement) 7. Quantitative estimation of RNA using Orcinol reaction 8. Study and interpretation of electron micrographs/ photograph showing (a) DNA replication (b) Transcri ption (c) Split genes Suggested Readings : • Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009). The World of the Cell. VII Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco. • Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter: Molecular Biology of the Cell, IV Edition. • Cooper G. M. and Robert E. Hausman R. E. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, V Edition, ASM Press and Sinauer Associates. • De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. (2006). Cell and Molecular Biology. VlIl Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. • Karp, G. (2010) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. VI Edition. John Wiley and Sons. Inc. • Lewin B. (2008). Gene XI, Jones and Bartlett

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• McLennan A., Bates A., Turner, P. and White M. (20 IS). Molecular Biology IV Edition. GS, Taylor and Francis Group, New York and London.


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Semester – V Core Course : ZOOLOGY

CORE COURSE (C.C.) - XII PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Mendelian Genetics and its Extension Principles of inheritance, Incomplete dominance and co-dominance, Multiple alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis, Pleiotropy, Sex-linked, sexinfluenced and sex-limited characters inheritance. Unit II: Linkage, Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping Linkage and crossing over, Cytological basis of crossing over, Molecular mechanisms of crossing over including models of recombination, Recombination frequency as a measure of linkage intensity, Two factor and three factor crosses, Interference and coincidence, Somatic cell hybridization. Unit III: Mutations Types of gene mutations (Classification), Types of chromosomal aberrations (Classification, figures and with one suitable example of each), Molecular basis of mutations in relation to UV light and chemical mutagens; Detection of mutations: CLB method, attached X method. Sex Determination Chromosomal mechanisms of sex determination in Drosophila and Man Extra-chromosomal Inheritance Criteria for extra-chromosomal inheritance, Antibiotic resistance in Chlamydomonas, Mitochondrial mutations in Saccharomyces, Infective heredity in Paramecium and Maternal effects Unit IV: Polygenic Inheritance Polygenic inheritance with suitable examples; simple numericals based on it. Recombination in Bacteria and Viruses Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction, Complementation test in Bacteriophage Transposable Genetic Elements Transposons in bacteria, Ac-Ds elements in maize and P elements in Drosophila, Transposons in humans PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS PRACTICALS (CREDITS 2) I. To study the Mendelian laws and gene interactions. 2. Chi-square analyses using seeds/beads/Drosophila. 3. Linkage maps based on data from conjugation, transformation and transduction. 4. Linkage maps based on data from Drosophila crosses, 5. Study of human karyotype (normal and abnormal). 6. Pedigree analysis of some human inherited traits. Suggested Readings : • Gardner, E.1., Simmons, M.1., Snustad, D.P. (2008). Principles of Genetics. VIII Edition. Wiley India • Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc • Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A. (2012). Concepts of Genetics. X Edition. Benjamin Cummings • Russell, P. J. (2009). Genetics- A Molecular Approach.III Edition. Benjamin Cummings • Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and CaITolI, S.B. Introduction to Genetic Analysis. IX Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co • Fletcher H. and Hickey 1. (2015). Genetics. IV Edition. GS, Taylor and Francis Group, New York and London.


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Semester – VI Core Course : ZOOLOGY

CORE COURSE (C.C.) - XIII DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Introduction Historical perspective and basic concepts: Phases of development, Cell-Cell interaction, Pattern formation, Differentiation and growth, Differential gene expression, Cytoplasmic determinants and asymmetric cell division Unit II: Early Embryonic Development Gametogenesis, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis; Types of eggs, Egg membranes; Fertilization (External and Internal): Changes in gametes, Blocks to polyspermy; Planes and patterns of cleavage; Types of Blastula; Fate maps (including Techniques); Early development of frog and chick up to gastrulation; Embryonic induction and organizers Unit III: Late Embryonic Development Fate of Germ Layers; Extra-embryonic membranes in birds; Implantation of embryo in humans, Placenta (Structure, types and functions of placenta) Post Embryonic Development Metamorphosis: Changes, hormonal regulations in amphibians and insects; Regeneration: Modes of regeneration, epimorphosis, morphallaxis and compensatory regeneration (with one example each); Ageing: Concepts and Theories Unit IV: Implications of Developmental Biology Teratogenesis: Teratogenic agents and their effects on embryonic development; In vitro fertilization, Stem cell (ESC), Amniocentesis DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY PRACTlCALS (CREDITS 2) 1. Study of whole mounts and sections of developmental stages of frog through permanent slides: Cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula, neurula, tail-bud stage, tadpole (external and internal gill stages) 2. Study of whole mounts of developmental stages of chick through permanent slides: Primitive streak (13 and 18 hours), 21, 24, 28, 33, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation (Hamilton a.nd Hamburger stages) 3. Study of the developmental stages and life cycle of Drosophila from stock culture 4. Study of different sections of placenta (photomicropgraphl slides) 5. Project report on Drosophila culture/chick embryo development Suggested Readings : • Gilbert, S. F. (2010). Developmental Biology, IX Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA • Balinsky B. I. and Fabian B. C. (1981). An Introduction to Embryology, V Edition, International Thompson Computer Press • Carlson, R. F. Patten's Foundations of Embryology. • Kalthoff (2008). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-Hill Publishers • Lewis Wolpert (2002). Principles of Development. II Edition, Oxford University Press


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Semester – VI Core Course : ZOOLOGY

CORE COURSE (C.C.) - XIV EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Full Marks : 100 Unit: I Life's Beginnings: Chemogeny, RNA world, Biogeny, Origin of photosynthesis, Evolution of eukaryotes Historical review of evolutionary concept: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism Evidences of Evolution: Fossil record (types of fossils, transitional forms, geological time scale, ev.olution of horse, Molecular (universality of genetic code and protein synthesising machinery, three domains of life, neutral theory of molecular evolution, molecular clock ,example of globin gene family, rRNA/cyt c. Unit II Sources of variations: Heritable variations and their role in evolution. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation of equation, application of law to human Population); Evolutionary forces upsetting H-W equilibrium; Natural selection (concept of fitness, selection coefficient, derivation of one unit of selection for a dominant allele, genetic load, mechanism of working, types of selection, density-dependent selection, heterozygous superiority, kin selection, adaptive resemblances, sexual selection. Genetic Drift (mechanism, founder's effect, bottleneck phenomenon; Role of Migration and Mutation in changing allele frequencies Unit III Product of evolution: Micro evolutionary changes (inter-population variations, clines, races, Species concept, Isolating mechanisms, modes of speciation-allopatric, sympatric, Adaptive radiation / macroevolution (exemplified by Galapagos finches. Extinctions, Back ground and mass extinctions (causes and effects), detailed example of K-T extinction Unit IV Origin and evolution of man, Unique hominin characteristics contrasted with primate characteristics, primate phylogeny from Dryopithecus leading to Homo sapiens, molecular analysis of human origin. Phylogenetic trees, Multiple sequence alignment, construction of phylogenetic trees, interpretation of trees


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3rd Year Semester – V

DSE I IMMUNOLOGY

THEORY Full Marks : 100

Unit I: Overview of lmmune System Historical perspective of Immunology, Early theories of Immunology, Cells and organs of the Immune system Innate and Adaptive Immunity Anatomical barriers, Inflammation, Cell and molecules involved in innate immunity, Adaptive immunity (Cell mediated and humoral), Passive: Artificial and natura:l Immunity, Active: Artificial and natural Immunity, Immune dysfunctions (brief account of autoimmunity with reference to Rheumatoid Arthritis and tolerance, AIDS). Unit II: Antigens Antigenicity and immunogenicity, Immunogens, Adjuvants and haptens, Factors influencing immunogenicity, B and T-Cell epitopes Immunoglobulins Structure and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins, Antigenantibody interactions, Immunoassays (ELISA and RIA), Polyclonal sera, Hybridoma technology: Monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics and diagnosis Unit III: Major Histocompatibility Complex Structure and functions of MHC molecules. Endogenous and exogenous pathways of antigen processing and presentation Cytokines Properties and functions of cytokines, Therapeutics Cytokines Complement System Components and pathways of complement activation. Unit IV: Hypersensitivity Gell and Coombs' classification and brief description of various types of hypersensitivities Vaccines Various types of vaccines. Suggested Readings : • Kindt, T. J., Goldsby, R.A., Osborne, B. A. and Kuby, J (2006). Immunology, VI Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company. • David, M., Jonathan, 8., David, R. B. and Ivan R. (2006). Immunology, VII Edition, Mosby, Elsevier Publication. • Abbas, K. Abul and Lechtrnan H. Andrew (2003.) Cellular and Molecular Immunology. V Edition. Saunders Publication.


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Semester – V DSE II

FISH AND FISHERIES THEORY

Full Marks : 100 UNIT I: Introduction and Classification: General description of fish; Account of systematic classification of fishes (upto classes); Classification based on feeding habit, habitat and manner of reproduction. UNIT II: Morphology and Physiology: Types of fins and their modifications; Locomotion in fishes; Hydrodynamics; Types of Scales, Use of scales in Classification and determination of age of fish; Gills and gas exchange; Swim Bladder: Types and role in Respiration, buoyancy; Osmoregulation in Elasmobranchs; Reproductive strategies (special reference to Indian fishes); Electric organs; Bioluminiscience; Mechanoreceptors; Schooling; Parental care; Migration. UNIT III: Fisheries Inland Fisheries; Marine Fisheries; Environmental factors influencing the seasonal variations in fish catches in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal; Fishing crafts and Gears; Depletion of fisheries resources; Application of remote sensing and GIS in fisheries; Fisheries law and regulations Unit IV: Aquaculture Sustainable Aquaculture; Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive culture of fish; Pen and cage culture; Polyculture; Composite fish culture; Brood stock management; Induced breeding of fish; Management of finfish hatcheries; Preparation and maintenance of fish aquarium; Preparation of compound diets for fish; Role of water quality in aquaculture; Fish diseases: Bacterial, viral and parasitic; Preservation and processing of harvested fish, Fishery by-products Fish in research Transgenic fish, Zebrafish as a model organism in research. Suggested Readings : • Q Bone and R Moore, Biology of Fishes, Talyor and Francis Group, CRC Press, U.K. • D. H. Evans and J. D. Claiborne, The Physiology of Fishes, Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, UK yon der Emde, RJ. Mogdans and B.G. Kapoor.The Senses of Fish: Adaptations for the Reception of Natural Stimuli, Springer, Netherlands • C.B.L. Srivastava, Fish Biology, Narendra Publishing House • J .R. Norman, A history of Fishes, Hill and Wang Publishers • S.S. Khanna and H.R. Singh, A text book of Fish Biology and Fisheries, Narendra Publishing House


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Semester – VI DSE III

WILD LIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT THEORY (CREDITS 4)

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Introduction to Wild Life Values of wild life - positive and negative; Conservation ethics; Importance of conservation; Causes of depletion; World conservation strategies. Evaluation and management of wild life Habitat analysis, Physical parameters: Topography, Geology, Soil and water; Biological Parameters: food, cover, forage, browse and cover estimation; Standard evaluation procedures: remote sensing and GIS. Unit II: Management of habitats. Setting back succession; Grazing logging; Mechanical treatment; Advancing the successional process; Cover construction; Preservation of general genetic diversity; Restoration of degraded habitats Population estimation Population density, Natality, Birth rate, Mortality, fertility schedules and sex ratio computation; Faecal analysis of ungulates and carnivores: Faecal samples, slide preparation, Hair identification, Pug marks and census method. Unit III: Management planning of wild life in protected areas Estimation of carrying capacity; Eco tourism / wild life tourism in forests; Concept of climax persistence; Ecology of perturbence. Management of excess population Bio- telemetry; Care of injured and diseased animal; Quarantine; Common diseases of wild animal Unit IV: Protected areas National parks & sanctuaries, Community reserve; Important features of protected areas in India; Tiger conservation - Tiger reserves in India; Management challenges in Tiger reserve Suggested Readings : • Caughley, G., and Sinclair, A.R.E. (1994). Wildlife Ecology and Management. Blackwell Science. • Woodroffe R., Thirgood, S. and Rabinowitz, A. (2005). People and Wildlife, Conflict or Co-existence? Cambridge University. • Bookhout, T.A. (1996). Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats,S th edition. The Wildlife Society, Allen Press. • Sutherland, W.J. (2000). The Conservation Handbook: Research, Management and Policy. Blackwell Sciences • Hunter M.L., Gibbs, lB. and Sterling, E.J. (2008). Problem-Solving in Conservation Biology and Wildlife Management: Exercises for Class, Field, and Laboratory. Blackwell Publishing.


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3rd Year Semester - VI

ZOOLOGY DSE- IV

PROJECT Full Marks : 100

Dissertation 60 Marks Presentation 20 Marks Viva 20 Marks

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GENERIC ELECTIVE A Student has to choose two Generic Elective (G.E.) Subjects

other than the Core Course

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BOTANY PAPER – I

BIODIVERSITY (MICROBES, ALGAE, FUNGI AND ARCHEGONIATE) Full Marks : 100

Unit - I Microbiology: Viruses - Discovery, general structure, replication (general account), DNA virus (T-phage); Lytic and lysogenic cycle, RNA virus (TMV); Economic importance; Bacteria - Discovery, General characteristics and cell structure; Reproduction - vegetative, asexual and recombination (conjugation, transformation and transduction); Economic importance. Unit - II Fungi, Lichens and Mycorrhiza: Introduction- General characteristics, ecology and significance, range of thallus organization, cell wall composition , nutrition, reproduction and classification; True Fungi- General characteristics, ecology and significance, life cycle of Rhizopus (Zygomycota) Penicillium,Alternaria (Ascomycota), Puccinia, Agaricus (Basidiomycota); Symbiotic Associations-Lichens: General account, reproduction and significance; Mycorrhiza: ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza and their significance. Unit - II Algae and Bryophytes General characteristics; Ecology and distribution; Range of thallus organization and reproduction; Classification of algae; Morphology and life cycles of the following: Nostoc,Chlamydomonas, Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Fucus, Polysiphonia. Economic importance of algae. General characteristics, adaptations to land habit, Classification, Range of thallus organization.Classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Marchantia and Funaria.(Developmental details not to be included).Ecology and economic importance of bryophytes with special mention of Sphagnum. Unit - III Pteridophyta and Gymnosperm General characteristics; classification, Early land plants (Cooksonia and Rhynia). Classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Selaginella, Equisetum and Pteris.(Developmental details not to be included).Heterospory and seed habit, stellar evolution.Ecological and economical importance of Pteridophytes. General characteristics; classification. Classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Cycas and Pinus. (Developmental details not to be included).Ecological and economical importance.

PRACTICAL 1. EMs/Models of viruses - T-Phage and TMV, Line drawing/Photograph of Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle. 2. Types of Bacteria from temporary/permanent slides/photographs; EM bacterium; Binary Fission; Conjugation; Structure of root nodule. 3. Gram staining 4. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of Nostoc, Chlamydomonas (electron micrographs), Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Fucus* and Polysiphonia through temporary preparations and permanent slides. (* Fucus - Specimen and permanent slides) 5. Rhizopus and Penicillium: Asexual stage from temporary mounts and sexual structure sthrough permanent slides. 6. Alternaria: Specimens/photographs and tease mounts. 7. Puccinia: Herbarium specimens of Black Stem Rust of Wheat and infected Barberry leaves; section/tease mounts of spores on Wheat and permanent slides of both the hosts. 8. Agaricus: Specimens of button stage and full grown mushroom; Sectioning of gills of Agaricus. 9. Lichens: Study of growth forms of lichens (crustose, foliose and fruticose) 10. Mycorrhiza: Ecto mycorrhiza and Endo mycorrhiza (Photographs) 11. Marchantia- morphology of thallus, w.m. rhizoids and scales, v.s. thallus through gemma cup, w.m. gemmae (all temporary slides), v.s. antheridiophore, archegoniophore, l.s. sporophyte (all permanent slides). 12. Funaria- Morphology, w.m. leaf, rhizoids, operculum, peristome, annulus, spores(temporary slides); permanent slides showing antheridial and archegonial heads, l.s. capsule and protonema. 13. Selaginella- Morphology, w.m. leaf with ligule, t.s. stem, w.m. strobilus, w.m.microsporophyll and megasporophyll (temporary slides), l.s. strobilus (permanent slide). 14. Equisetum- Morphology, t.s. internode, l.s. strobilus, t.s. strobilus, w.m. sporangiophore,w.m. spores (wet and dry)(temporary slides); t.s rhizome (permanent slide). 15. Pteris- Morphology, t.s. rachis, v.s. sporophyll, w.m. sporangium, w.m. spores(temporary slides), t.s. rhizome, w.m. prothallus with sex organs and young sporophyte (permanent slide). 16. Cycas- Morphology (coralloid roots, bulbil, leaf), t.s. coralloid root, t.s. rachis, v.s. leaflet,v.s. microsporophyll, w.m. spores (temporary slides), l.s. ovule, t.s. root (permanent slide).

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17. Pinus- Morphology (long and dwarf shoots, w.m. dwarf shoot, male and female), w.m.dwarf shoot, t.s. needle, t.s. stem, , l.s./t.s. male cone, w.m. microsporophyll, w.m. microspores (temporary slides), l.s. female cone, t.l.s. & r.l.s. stem (permanent slide). Suggested Readings : 1. Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West. Press Pvt. Ltd. Delhi. 2nd edition. 2. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L. (2010). Microbiology: An Introduction, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, U.S.A. 10th edition. 3. Sethi, I.K. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi & Their Allies, MacMillan Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi. 4. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, John Wiley and Sons (Asia), Singapore. 4th edition. 5. Raven, P.H., Johnson, G.B., Losos, J.B., Singer, S.R., (2005). Biology. Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi, India. 6. Vashishta, P.C., Sinha, A.K., Kumar, A., (2010). Pteridophyta, S. Chand. Delhi, India. 7. Bhatnagar, S.P. and Moitra, A. (1996). Gymnosperms. New Age International (P) Ltd Publishers, New Delhi, India.

8. Parihar, N.S. (1991). An introduction to Embryophyta. Vol. I. Bryophyta. Central Book Depot, Allahabad.


36

BOTANY PAPER – II

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM (Credits: Theory-4, Practical-2)

THEORY Full Marks : 100

Unit I:Water and Minerals: Plant-water relations Importance of water, water potential and its components; Transpiration and its significance; Factors affecting transpiration; Root pressure and guttation. Mineral nutrition Essential elements, macro and micronutrients; Criteria of essentiality of elements; Role of essential elements; Transport of ions across cell membrane, active and passive transport, carriers, channels and pumps. Unit II:. Metabolism I: Photosynthesis Photosynthetic Pigments (Chl a, b, xanthophylls, carotene); Photosystem I and II, reaction center, antenna molecules; Electron transport and mechanism of ATP synthesis; C3, C4 and CAM pathways of carbon fixation; Photorespiration. Translocation in phloem. Composition of phloem sap, girdling experiment; Pressure flow model; Phloem loading and unloading Unit III:Metabolism II Enzymes Structure and properties; Mechanism of enzyme catalysis and enzyme inhibition. Respiration Glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, TCA cycle; Oxidative phosphorylation, Glyoxylate, Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Nitrogen metabolism Biological nitrogen fixation; Nitrate and ammonia assimilation Unit IV::Plant Anatomy Meristematic and permanent tissues Root and shoot apical meristems; Simple and complex tissues Organs Structure of dicot and monocot root stem and leaf. Secondary Growth Vascular cambium – structure and function, seasonal activity. Secondary growth in root and stem, Wood (heartwood and sapwood) Adaptive and protective systems Epidermis, cuticle, stomata; General account of adaptations in xerophytes and hydrophytes.

PRACTICAL

1. Determination of osmotic potential of plant cell sap by plasmolytic method. 2. To study the effect of two environmental factors (light and wind) on transpiration by excised twig. 3. Calculation of stomatal index and stomatal frequency of a mesophyte and a xerophyte. 4. Demonstration of Hill reaction. 5. Demonstrate the activity of catalase and study the effect of pH and enzyme concentration. 6. To study the effect of light intensity and bicarbonate concentration on O2 evolution in photosynthesis. 7. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography. 8. Study of meristems through permanent slides and photographs. 9. Tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma); Macerated xylary elements,Phloem (Permanent slides,

photographs) 10. Stem: Monocot: Zea mays; Dicot: Helianthus; Secondary: Helianthus (only Permanent lides). 11. Root: Monocot: Zea mays; Dicot: Helianthus; Secondary: Helianthus (only Permanent slides). 12. Leaf: Dicot and Monocot leaf (only Permanent slides). 13. Adaptive anatomy: Xerophyte (Nerium leaf); Hydrophyte (Hydrilla stem).

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Suggested Readings : 1. Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., MØller, I.M. and Murphy, A (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. Sinauer Associates

Inc. USA. 6th edition. 2. Hopkins, W.G., Huner, N.P., (2009). Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A. 4th Edition. 3. Bajracharya, D., (1999). Experiments in Plant Physiology- A Laboratory Manual. Narosa Publishing House, New

Delhi. 4. Publication House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 5th edition. Mauseth, J.D. (1988). Plant Anatomy. The

Benjamin/Cummings Publisher, USA. 5. Eames and Mc Daniels, Plant Anatomy Pandey B.P. (2012) Plant Anatomy.S.Chand Publications, New Delhi,

India


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CHEMISTRY PAPER – I

CHEMISTRY – I Theory : 60 Lecturers

Full Marks : 100

Unit - I (A) Atomic Structure: Bohr's Theory, Sommerfelds Model of atom, de-broglie's concept of matter wave. Helsenbergs uncertainity principle. Concept of orbital. Shape of S,P,D & F orbital. Quantam number and its significance. Rules for filling electron in different orbitals electronic configuration of atoms. Stability of half filled and fully filled subshell. Concept of exchange energy. Relative energy of atomic. Unit - I (B) Modern perodic table: Classification of elements into S,P,D & F blocks. Atomic Size (Covalent radii, ionic radii and vander waals radii) lonisation enthalpy, elecron affinity and electronegativity as periodic properties.

(15 Lecturers) Unit - II (A) Ionic bonding, energy consideration, lattice energy and solvation energy. Born Haber cycle and estimation of lattice energy. Valence bond approach, Hybridisation of atomic orbitals SP, SP2 & SP3 hybridisation. VSEPR theory to predict shape of cavalent molecules. Molecular orbital theory, Bonding and antibonding MO's application to simple diatomic molecules of H,O,N & F. Unit - II (B) Co-ordination chemistry : Isomerism, EAN Rule, Werner's theory, Valence bond approach and crystal field theory for octahedral and tetrahedral complex. (15 Lecturers) Unit - III (A) Kinetic theory of gases, expression for pressure, Derivation of gas laws (Boy)'s law. Charl's law, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure and grahm's of diffusion). Maxwell Boltzman distribution of molecular speed root mean square speed and most probable speed semple calculations. Unit - III (B) First law of thermodynamics enthalpy and enthalpy change, laws of thermochemistry, semple calculations second law of thermodynamics and entropy. Concept of free energy, Gibbs Helmholtz equation and its significance.

(15 Lecturers) Unit - IV (A) Reversible reaction, chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium constant, Le-chatliers principle & its applications in haber's method of synthesis of ammonia. Ionic equilibrium. Theories of acid and base, pH scale, common ion effect. solubility product. Buffer solution, Hydrolysis of salt. Unit - IV (B) Phase equilibra : Phase, degrees of freedom and components. Phase rule. Phase diagram of water and sulphur system. Distribution law, Nernst's distribution law and application to solvent extraction. Dilute solution and colligative properties. Lawering of vapaur pressure, Elevation of boiling point, Depression of freezing point and osmotic pressure as colligative properties. Abnormal Colligative properties and vant Hoff factor.

(15 Lecturers) PRACTICAL Generic Elective - I 1. Estimation of sodium corbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture. 2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating with KmnO4

3. Estimation of fe(II) ions by titrating with K2Cr2O7

4. Estimation of Cu(II)ion iodometrically using Na2S2O3


39

CHEMISTRY PAPER – II

CHEMISTRY-II Theory : 60 Lecturers

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Structure and Bonding in Organic molecules: Concept of hybridization and application to explain structure and bonding in organic molecules. Distribution of electrons in organic molecules, Inductive Effect, Resonance and Hyper conjugation. Organic Reaction Mechanism. Homolysis and heterolysis. Generation ,Structure, Stability and Reactions of Carbocation, Carbanion, and Carbon free radicals. Attacking agents: Electrophile, Nucleophile and Free radicals. SN

1, SN2,E1,E2AdE and, Ad N reactions with suitable examples. (15 Lecturers)

Unit-II Aliphatic hydrocarbons: Preperation of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.Saytzeff and Hoffman elimination. Maronokoffs addition. Cis- trans isomerism in alkenes, Acidic properties of acetylene. Cycloalkanes. Preperation and Properties. Relative stability of cycloalkanes and Bayers strain theory. Preperation of Cycloalkenes. Aromaticity. Structure and bonding in benzene. Electrophilic substitution reaction in benzene.

(15 Lecturers) Unit-III Alkylhalides ,preparation and properties .Chlorination of Benzene.lnertness of halogen atom of Chlorobenzene towards SNreaction. Preperation and properties of alcohol. Distinction between primery secondary and tertiary alcohol. Preperation of Phenol and acidic character. Reimer Tiemann Reaction. Preperation and properties of aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds. Benzoin condensation, Aldol condensation, and Cannizzaro reaction.

(15 Lecturers) Unit-IV Carboxylic acid: Preparation and properties(Aliphatic and Aromatic) .Benzoic acid . Effect of substitution on acid strength. Active methylene compounds. Preperation and synthetic applications of Aceto acetic ester. Amines. Preperation and properties (Aliphatic and aromatic ). Basic properties of different types of amines. Seperation of Primery , secondary and tertiary amines. Diazonium salt . Preparation and synthetic applications.

(15 Lecturers) GENERICELECTIVECHEMISTRY-II(LAB) Qualitative analysis of organic compounds: Test for Unsaturation, Aromatic character, Element Detection and functional group and determination of melting point / boiling point. Suggested Readings : • Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in Physical Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003). • Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H. Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).


40

GENERIC ELECTIVE PAPER – I ZOOLOGY

ANIMAL DIVERSITY Full Marks : 100

THEORY (CREDITS 4) Unit I Protista 4 General characters of Protozoa; Life cycle of Plasmodium Porifera 3 General characters and canal system in Porifera Radiata 3 General characters of Cnidarians and polymorphism Unit II 3 Aceolomates General characters of Helminthes; Life cycle of Taenia solium Pseudocoelomates 3 General characters ofNemethehelminthes; Parasitic adaptations Coelomate Protostomes 3 General characters of Annelida; Metamerism. Unit III Arthropoda 4 General characters. Social life in insects. Mollusca 3 General characters of mollusca; Pearl Formation Coelomate Deuterostomes 3 General characters of Echinodermata, Water Vascular system in Starfish. Unit IV Protochordata 2 Salient features Pisces 4 Osmoregulation, Migration of Fishes Amphibia 4 General characters, Adaptations for terrestrial life, Parental care in Amphibia. 5 Amniotes; Origin of reptiles. Terrestrial adaptations in Ieptiles. Aves: 5 The origin of birds; FI ight adaptations Mammalia 6 Early evolution of mammals; Primates; Dentition in mammals

PRACTICAL 1. Study of following specimens :

Non Chordates : Euglena, Noctiluca, Paramecium, Sycon, Physalia, Tubipora, Metridium, Taenia, Ascaris, Nereis, Aphrodite, Leech, Peripatus, Limulus, Hermicrab, Daphnia, Millipede, Beetle, Chiton, Dentalium, Octopus, Asterias and Antedon. Chordates : Balanoglossus, Amphioxus, Petromyzon, Pristis, Hippocamus, Labeo, Icthyophis/Uraeotyphlus, Salamander, Rhacophrous Draco, Uromastix, Naja, Viper, model of archaeopteryx, any three common birds-(Crow, duck, Owl), Squirrel and Bat.

2. Study of following Permanent Slides : Cross section of Sycon, Sea anemone and Ascaris(male and female). T.S. of Earthworm passing through pharynx, gizzard, and typhlosolar intestine. Bipinnaria and Pluteus larva.

3. Temporary mounts of - Septal & pharyngeal nephridia of earthworm. Unstained mounts of Placoid, cyloid and ctenoid scales.

41

4. Dissections of - Digestive and nervous system of Cockroach. Urinogenital system of Rat.

Suggested Books

Barnes, R.D. (1992). Invertebrate Zoology, Saunders College Pub. USA. Ruppert, Fox and Barnes (2006) Invertebrate Zoology. A functional Evolutionary Approach 7th Edition,

Thomson Books/Cole. Campbell & Reece (2005). Biology, Pearson Education, (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd. Kardong, K.V. (2002). Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy. Function and Evolution. Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company, New Delhi. Raven P.H. and Johnson, G.B. (2004). Biology, 6th edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publications, New Delhi.


42

GENERIC ELECTIVE

PAPER – II ZOOLOGY

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY THEORY (CREDITS 4)

Full Marks : 100 Unit I: Digestion and Absorption of Food 12 Structure and function of digestive glands; Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; Nervous and hormonal control of digestion (in brief) Unit II: Functioning of Excitable Tissue (Nerve and Muscle) 10 Structure of neuron, Propagation of nerve impulse (myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibre); Structure of skeletal muscle, Mechanism of muscle contraction (Sliding filament theory), Neuromuscular junction Unit III: Respiratory Physiology 6 Ventilation, External and internal Respiration, Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood, Factors affecting transport of gases. Renal Physiology 8 Functional anatomy of kidney, Meehan ism and regulation of urine formation, Unit IV: Cardiovascular Physiology 10 Structure of heart, Coordination of heartbeat, Cardiac cycle, ECG Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology 14 Structure and function of endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, and testes), Brief account of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, Menstrual cycle

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICAL (CREDITS 2)

1. Preparation of temporary mounts: Neurons and Blood film. 2. Preparation of haemin and haemochromogen c stals. 3. Estimation of haemoglobin using Sahli's haemoglobinometer. 4. Examination of permanent histological sections of mammalian oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, rectum, lung, kidney, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, testis, ovary. Suggested Readings : • Tortora, G.1. and Derrickson, B.H. (2009). Principles oj Anatomy and Physiology, XII Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. • Widmaier, E.P., Raff, H. and Strang, K.T. (2008). Vander's Human Physiology, XI Edition, McGraw Hill. • Guyton, A.C. and Hall, J.E. (2011). Textbook oj Medical Physiology, XII Edition, Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltdl W.B. Saunders Company. • Marieb, E. (1998). Human Anatomy and Physiology, IV Edition, Addison-Wesley. • Kesar, S. and Vashisht, N. (2007). Experimental Physiology, Heritage Publishers. • Prakash, G. (2012). Lab Manual on Blood Analysis and Medical Diagnostics, S. Chand and Company Ltd.


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